.\" $NetBSD: madvise.2,v 1.7 1995/12/27 21:17:02 jtc Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)madvise.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 .\" .Dd June 9, 1993 .Dt MADVISE 2 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm madvise , .Nm posix_madvise .Nd give advice about use of memory .Sh SYNOPSIS .Fd #include <sys/mman.h> .Ft int .Fo madvise .Fa "void *addr" .Fa "size_t len" .Fa "int advice" .Fc .Ft int .Fo posix_madvise .Fa "void *addr" .Fa "size_t len" .Fa "int advice" .Fc .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fn madvise system call allows a process that has knowledge of its memory behavior to describe it to the system. The advice passed in may be used by the system to alter its virtual memory paging strategy. This advice may improve application and system performance. The behavior specified in .Fa advice can only be one of the following values: .Pp .Bl -tag -width MADV_SEQUENTIAL .It Dv MADV_NORMAL Indicates that the application has no advice to give on its behavior in the specified address range. This is the system default behavior. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv POSIX_MADV_NORMAL Same as MADV_NORMAL but used with .Fn posix_madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_SEQUENTIAL Indicates that the application expects to access this address range in a sequential manner. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL Same as MADV_SEQUENTIAL but used with .Fn posix_madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_RANDOM Indicates that the application expects to access this address range in a random manner. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv POSIX_MADV_RANDOM Same as MADV_RANDOM but used with .Fn posix_madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_WILLNEED Indicates that the application expects to access this address range soon. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED Same as MADV_WILLNEED but used with .Fn posix_madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_DONTNEED Indicates that the application is not expecting to access this address range soon. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED Same as MADV_DONTNEED but used with .Fn posix_madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_FREE Indicates that the application will not need the information contained in this address range, so the pages may be reused right away. The address range will remain valid. This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .It Dv MADV_ZERO_WIRED_PAGES Indicates that the application would like the wired pages in this address range to be zeroed out if the address range is deallocated without first unwiring the pages (i.e. a munmap(2) without a preceding munlock(2) or the application quits). This is used with .Fn madvise system call. .El .Pp The .Fn posix_madvise behaves same as .Fn madvise except that it uses values with POSIX_ prefix for the .Fa advice system call argument. .Sh RETURN VALUES Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and .Va errno is set to indicate the error. .Sh ERRORS .Fn madvise fails if one or more of the following are true: .Bl -tag -width Er .\" ========== .It Bq Er EINVAL The value of .Fa advice is incorrect. .\" ========== .It Bq Er EINVAL The address range includes unallocated regions. .\" ========== .It Bq Er ENOMEM The virtual address range specified by the .Fa addr and .Fa len are outside the range allowed for the address space. .El .Sh LEGACY SYNOPSIS .Fd #include <sys/types.h> .Fd #include <sys/mman.h> .Pp .Ft int .br .Fo madvise .Fa "caddr_t addr" .Fa "size_t len" .Fa "int advice" .Fc ; .Pp .Ft int .br .Fo posix_madvise .Fa "caddr_t addr" .Fa "size_t len" .Fa "int advice" .Fc ; .Pp The include file .In sys/types.h is necessary. The type of .Fa addr has changed. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mincore 2 , .Xr minherit 2 , .Xr mprotect 2 , .Xr msync 2 , .Xr munmap 2 , .Xr compat 5 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm madvise function first appeared in 4.4BSD. The .Nm posix_madvise function is part of IEEE 1003.1-2001 and was first implemented in Mac OS X 10.2.