= command line options
: -W option
new option to specify warning level. -W0 to shut up warnings, -W1 for normal level,
-W2 for verbose level. -w equals to -W2.
= language syntax
: arbitrary delimited string array
%W(...) notation, word list literal like %w(...) with the
exception that #{} interpolation is allowed.
: arbitrary delimited symbol literl
:"foo", :"foo#{bar}", etc.
: expression interpolation in strings
Now arbitrary statements are allowed inside #{} interpolation
without escapes. In other hand, they can no longer access to
variables defined in eval.
: negative number literals
Digits preceded minus sign is a literal integer.
: array expansion
Fixed with the following behavior:
a = *[1]
p a #=> [1]
Now 1-element array in rhs is expanded properly.
a = *[1]
p a #=> 1
: break and next
Extended to take an optional expression, which is used as a value
for termination.
: direct assignment to Foo::Bar is allowed
also, you can define "class Foo::Bar; end".
= language core
: $stdin, $stdout, $stderr
can be assignable again. the original stdio are preserved as STDIN,
STDOUT, STDERR.
: $VERBOSE now has 3 levels
nil - silence, false - medium (default), true - verbose
: allocation framework
any instance of class can be allocated by class.allocate,
(except for a few classes).
: comparison of exception classes in a rescue clause
changed to use Module#=== for comparing $! with the exception
class specified in each rescue clause.
as the previous behavior was to use kind_of?, the effect is limited
to the SystemCallError case. SystemCallError.=== has been newly
defined to return true when the two have the same errno. With this
change, SystemCallError's with the same errno, such as Errno::EAGAIN
and Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, can both be rescued by listing just one of
them.
: constants lookup
improved at the performance of searching by using an internal hash
table.
calls const_missing method of the class/module, if constant is not
found in the look up path.
: expression parenthesis in the first argument
altered to get the following code (note the space after p):
p ("xx"*2).to_i
Interpreted as:
p (("xx"*2).to_i)
Instead of:
(p("xx"*2)).to_i
: implicit comparison in conditional expressions
Obsoleted except when it is used in -e.
: between Range and $.
Use explicit comparison instead.
: between Regexp and $_
Use the unary method ~/re/ instead.
: to_str
added to get objects which define to_str() treated as String's.
now almost all the built-in methods try each argument with to_str()
when they expect it to be a String.
foo = Object.new
class <<foo
def to_str
"foo"
end
end
p File.open(foo)
=> -:7:in `open': wrong argument type Object (expected String) (TypeError)
ruby 1.6.4 (2001-04-19) [i586-linux]
=> -:7:in `open': No such file or directory - "foo" (Errno::ENOENT)
ruby 1.7.0 (2001-05-02) [i586-linux]
: multiple assignment behavior
Fixed so that "*a = nil" results in "a == []".
= changes in core class library
: open
Extended so that when the third argument is permission flags it
calls open(2) instead of fopen(3).
: sprintf
new format specifier "%p" is available.
: lambda and proc
Proc object returns from these methods has the following attributes:
* strict argument number check
* break and return terminates the proc execution.
: warn(message)
a method to give warnings.
: abort()
takes optional terminate message argument.
: Object#initialize_copy
copy constructor for clone and dup.
: Object#instance_variable_set, Object#instance_variable_get
added.
: Object#singleton_method_removed
: Object#singleton_method_undefined
Added.
: Array#transpose
added.
: Array#fetch(index [, default])
Added. If a default value isn't given, raises index error if index
is out of range.
: Array#insert(n, other, ...)
Added. [ruby-talk:14289]
This is much the same as (({ary[n,0] = [other,...]})) except
returing self.
ary = [0,1,2,3]
ary[2, 0] = [4, 5, 6]
p ary
ary = [0,1,2,3]
ary.insert(2, 4, 5, 6)
p ary
: Array#sort!
Changed to always return self without checking whether the sequence
of the elements was modified or not.
Beware that this behavior is not guaranteed to continue in the
future. Do not rely on its return value. [ruby-dev:12506]
: Array#filter
Previously deprecated, now removed. Use Array#collect!.
: Array#pack, String#unpack
Allows comment in template strings.
: Array#pack, String#unpack
New templates 'q' and 'Q' for 64bit integer (signed and unsigned respectively).
: Array#new
Now takes block to fill initial values. E.g.
Array.new(10) { |i| i + 1 }
=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
: Array#fill
Takes block to get the values to fill.
: Array#fetch
Takes block to get the default value.
: Array#zip
added.
: Hash#update
Takes block to resolve key conflict.
: Hash#merge and Hash#merge!
update hash. Hash#merge! is a synonym of Hash#update.
: String#split
if "sep" argument is a string, regular expression meta characters
are escaped internally.
: String#rstrip
chop off NULs at the end of strings.
: String#to_i
Now accepts optional base argument.
"101".to_i(10) => 101
"101".to_i(2) => 5
"101".to_i(8) => 65
"101".to_i(16) => 257
A base argument of 0 guesses at the base.
"101".to_i(0) => 101
"0b101".to_i(0) => 5
"0101".to_i(0) => 65
"0x101".to_i(0) => 257
: String#[regexp, nth]
Extended to accepts optional second argument.
It tries match between self and REGEXP, then returns the
content of the NTH regexp register.
: String#casecmp
Added. This is a case insensitive version of String#<=>.
: String#chomp
If $/ == "\n", chops off last newlines (any of \n, \r, \r\n).
: String#eql?
Changed to be always case sensitive.
: String#insert(n, other)
Added.
This is much the same as (({str[n, 0] = other})) except returing
self.
: String#lstrip, rstrip, lstrip!, rstrip!
Added. These strip only left or right part of a string.
: String#match
Added.
: String/Array methods
Returns an instance of receivers class.
: String.new
The first argument becomes optional.
: Symbol#intern
Added.
: Symbol.all_symbols
Added. [ruby-dev:12921]
: IO
64bit off_t support by Janathan Baker.
: IO#read
: IO#sysread
takes optinal second argument for read buffer.
: IO::sysopen
New method to get a raw file descriptor.
: IO#sysseek
Added.
: IO#fsync
new method that copies all in-memory parts of a file to disk and
waits until the device reports that all parts are on stable storage.
Implemented with fsync(2) or equivalent.
: IO.open
Made public. Can only associate an IO object with a file number
like IO.new and IO.for_fd, but can take a block.
: IO.for_fd
Added as a synonym for IO.new.
: IO.read
Added. Like IO.readlines, except it returns the entire file as a
string. [ruby-talk:9460]
: File#fnmatch, File::Constants::FNM_*
Added. Refer to the fnmatch(3) manpage for details.
Localism is FNM_DOTMATCH which has the opposite meaning of the
commonly known FNM_PERIOD, which does not exist in Ruby.
e.g.
# exclude files matching "*.bak" case-insensitively.
files.reject! {|fn| File.fnmatch?("*.bak", fn, File::FNM_CASEFOLD) }
: File.lchmod
: File.lchown
Added.
: File.open, IO.open
File mode can be specified by flags like open(2),
e.g. File::open(path, File::CREAT|File::WRONLY).
: Regexp#options
Added.
: Regexp.last_match(n)
Extended to take an optional argument.
: MatchData#captures
added.
: Dir#path
Added.
: Dir.chdir
Extended to take a block.
: Dir.glob
Made to support meta-character escaping by a backslash. Wildcards
and spaces may now be escaped using a backslash.
: Dir.open
Changed to return what the block returns when a block is given, just
as File.open does. (It always returned (({nil})) in 1.6 and
prior)
: Dir.chdir
Changed to warn only when invoked from multiple threads or no block
is given. [ruby-dev:13823]
Dir.chdir('foo') {
Dir.chdir('bar') { # previously warned
puts Dir.pwd
}
}
: Dir#pos=
Returns the new position instead of self.
: Dir::glob
Now accepts optional FNM_* flags via the second argument, whereas
Dir::[] doesn't.
Dir.glob("makefile", File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> ['Makefile', 'makefile']
: Class#inherited
Method is called when Class is inherited by another class.
class A; end
def A.inherited(by)
puts "A inherited by #{by.inspect}"
end
class B < A; end
Prints out "A inherited by B"
: Module#include?
Added. [ruby-dev:13941]
: Module#included
Added. This is a hook called after Module#append_feature.
: Module#method_removed
: Module#method_undefined
Added.
: Module.new, Class.new
Extended to take block.
: Time
Extended to accept a negative time_t. (Only when the platform
supports it)
p Time.at(-1)
=> Thu Jan 01 08:59:59 JST 1970
: Time#to_a
: Time#zone
Made to return "UTC" under gmtime. It used to return a platform
dependent value, typically "GMT", in 1.6 and prior.
: Marshal to use marshal_dump and marshal_load
if a dumping object responds to 'marshal_dump', Marshal.dump calls
it, and dumps object returned. Marshal.load allocates a new instance
using "allocate", then calls its "marshal_load" with dumped data.
Marshal format version is now 4.8 (was 4.6 in 1.6.8).
: Marshal
Fixed not to dump anonymous classes/modules.
Fixed with loading modules.
: Thread#group
new method to get belonging ThreadGroup.
: Thread#terminate
synonym of Thread#exit
: Thread#join
Optional argument limits maximum time to wait the thread in second.
And returns nil if timed out.
: ThreagGroup#enclose
prohibits thread movement from/to enclosed groups.
: Range#step([step=1])
Added.
: SystemCallError
SystemCallError's "===" match (used in rescue also) is now based on its errno.
: Interrupt
Made a subclass of SignalException. (It was a subclass of
Exception in 1.6 and prior)
: NameError and NoMethodError
Moved and now NoMethodError < NameError < StandardError.
: NoMethodError
Added. [ruby-dev:12763]
: NotImplementError
Finally obsoleted. Use NotImplementedError.
: SystemCallError.===
Added. (See the "Comparison of exception classes in a rescue clause"
paragraph above) [ruby-dev:12670]
: SystemExit#status
Added.
: Proc#==
Added.
: Method#==
Added.
: UnboundMethod is no longer subclass of Method
class hierarchy changed.
: Enumerable#all?
: Enumerable#any?
: Enumerable#inject
: Enumerable#sort_by
Added.
: Math.acos(x)
: Math.asin(x)
: Math.atan(x)
: Math.cosh(x)
: Math.hypot(x,y)
: Math.sinh(x)
: Math.tanh(x)
Added.
: Process.abort
: Process.exit
synonym of Kernel#abort, and Kernel#exit respectively.
: Process::detach(pid)
new method to detach child process. child process will be "wait"ed
automagically.
: Process.times
Moved from Time.times. (Time.times still remains but emits a
warning)
: Process.waitall
Added.
: Process::Status
Added. (({$?})) is now an instance of this class.
: Process::UID, Process::GID, Process::Sys,
Added.
: Signal
Added. This module has module functions Signal.trap and Signal.list.
= changes in bundled libraries
: lib/cgi.rb
cgi[name] returns CGI::QueryExtension::Value that wraps string
value, no longer array.
: lib/timeout
timeout "function" wrapped in Timeout module.
: TCPServer#accept, UNIXServer#accept, Socket#accept
New methods to return an accepted socket fd.
: Date and DateTime
lib/date.rb now provides both Date and DateTime.
Some methods have been renamed. But the old names are still alive.
Some new methods have been added (Date::parse, Date#strftime, etc.).
Date#mjd now returns the chronological modified Julian day number.
All facilities about tjd have been removed.
: Curses
Updated. New methods and constants for using the mouse, character
attributes, colors and key codes have been added.
: Net::HTTP
New version of Net::HTTP has introduced seriously incompatible
changes. For details, see document embedded in net/http.rb itself.
: Socket.pack_sockaddr_in, Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in
Added. Utility for direct Socket access.
: Socket.pack_sockaddr_un, Socket.unpack_sockaddr_un
Added. Utility for direct Socket access.
: TCPServer#listen, UNIXServer#listen
Added.
: TCPSocket.new
: TCPSocket.open
Extended to take an address and a port number for the local side in
optional 3rd and 4th arguments.
= newly bundled library
: ext/bigdecimal
variable precision decimal number
: ext/dl
an interface to the dynamic linker.
: ext/enumerator
a helper module for the Enumerable interface.
: ext/io/wait
IO wait methods.
: ext/iconv
wrapper library of (({iconv})).
: ext/openssl
OpenSSL for Ruby
: ext/racc/cparse
Racc runtime library in C. (Racc is a parser generator for ruby)
: ext/stringio
Pseudo (({IO})) class from/to (({String})).
: ext/strscan
Fast string scanner library.
: ext/syck
fast YAML parser.
: lib/abbrev
creates an abbreviation table from a list
: lib/benchmark
Ruby scripts benchmarker
: lib/cgi/session/pstore
cgi/session back-end using pstore
: lib/csv
reads/writes CSV files.
: lib/date/format
strftime for Date class
: lib/drb
dRuby or distributed Ruby
: lib/fileutils
file utility library.
: lib/generator
converts an internal iterator to an external iterator
: lib/gserver
generic server used by xmlrpc
: lib/ipaddr
manipulates IP address.
: lib/multi-tk
to allow safe Tk, etc.
: lib/open-uri
easy-to-use wrapper for net/http and net/ftp
: lib/optparse
command line options utility library
: lib/pathname
handles pathname in OO manner.
: lib/pp
prettyprinter for Ruby objects
: lib/prettyprint
implements prettyprint algorithm.
: lib/profiler
library to implement -r "profile"
: lib/racc/parser
RACC parser generator runtime in Ruby.
: lib/scanf
scan string and retrieve object with format
: lib/set
Set class
: lib/runit
RubyUnit compatible layer for test/unit
: lib/test/unit
unit testing framework for Ruby
: lib/tmpdir
get temporary directory path.
: lib/tsort
topological sorting library.
: lib/rexml
REXML XML library
: lib/webrick
generic internet server kit
: lib/xmlrpc
simple RPC via XML
: lib/un
used like 'ruby -run -e cp -- -p foo bar'. neat, isn't it?
: lib/win32/registry
win32/registry is registry accessor
: lib/yaml
YAML Ain't Mark-up Language
= removed libraries
: lib/ftplib
use net/ftp instead.
: lib/telnet
use net/telnet instead.
= new port
: WindowsCE port
: Win32 BCC
= interpreter implementation
: garbage collector
faster, but uses more memory for the worst case.
: string concatenation
faster by avoiding too frequent realloc(3).