.TH SENDMAIL 1 .ad .fi .SH NAME sendmail \- Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface .SH SYNOPSIS .na .nf \fBsendmail\fR [\fIoption ...\fR] [\fIrecipient ...\fR] \fBmailq\fR \fBsendmail -bp\fR \fBnewaliases\fR \fBsendmail -I\fR .SH DESCRIPTION .ad .fi The \fBsendmail\fR program implements the Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface. For the sake of compatibility with existing applications, some Sendmail command-line options are recognized but silently ignored. By default, \fBsendmail\fR reads a message from standard input until EOF or until it reads a line with only a \fB.\fR character, and arranges for delivery. \fBsendmail\fR relies on the \fBpostdrop\fR(1) command to create a queue file in the \fBmaildrop\fR directory. Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of operation: .IP \fBmailq\fR List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need to be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt, the reason for failure is shown. This mode of operation is implemented by executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command. .IP \fBnewaliases\fR Initialize the alias database. If no input file is specified (with the \fB-oA\fR option, see below), the program processes the file(s) specified with the \fBalias_database\fR configuration parameter. If no alias database type is specified, the program uses the type specified with the \fBdefault_database_type\fR configuration parameter. This mode of operation is implemented by running the \fBpostalias\fR(1) command. .sp Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update becomes visible. Use the \fBpostfix reload\fR command to eliminate this delay. .PP These and other features can be selected by specifying the appropriate combination of command-line options. Some features are controlled by parameters in the \fBmain.cf\fR configuration file. The following options are recognized: .IP "\fB-Am\fR (ignored)" .IP "\fB-Ac\fR (ignored)" Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless of whether or not a message is an initial submission. .IP "\fB-B \fIbody_type\fR" The message body MIME type: \fB7BIT\fR or \fB8BITMIME\fR. .IP "\fB-C \fIconfig_file\fR (ignored :-)" The path name of the \fBsendmail.cf\fR file. Postfix configuration files are kept in \fB/etc/postfix\fR. .IP "\fB-F \fIfull_name\fR Set the sender full name. This is used only with messages that have no \fBFrom:\fR message header. .IP "\fB-G\fR (ignored)" Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial user submission. .IP \fB-I\fR Initialize alias database. See the \fBnewaliases\fR command above. .IP "\fB-L \fIlabel\fR (ignored)" The logging label. Use the \fBsyslog_name\fR configuration parameter instead. .IP "\fB-N \fIdsn\fR (ignored)" Delivery status notification control. Currently, Postfix does not implement \fBDSN\fR. .IP "\fB-R \fIreturn_limit\fR (ignored)" Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the \fBbounce_size_limit\fR configuration parameter instead. .IP "\fB-X \fIlog_file\fR (ignored)" Log mailer traffic. Use the \fBdebug_peer_list\fR and \fBdebug_peer_level\fR configuration parameters instead. .IP "\fB-U\fR (ignored)" Initial user submission. .IP \fB-V\fR Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address of the form \fIowner-listname\fR@\fIorigin\fR, each recipient \fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR receives mail with a personalized envelope sender address. .sp By default, the personalized envelope sender address is \fIowner-listname\fB+\fIuser\fB=\fIdomain\fR@\fIorigin\fR. The default \fB+\fR and \fB=\fR characters are configurable with the \fBdefault_verp_delimiters\fR configuration parameter. .IP \fB-V\fIxy\fR As \fB-V\fR, but uses \fIx\fR and \fIy\fR as the VERP delimiter characters, instead of the characters specified with the \fBdefault_verp_delimiters\fR configuration parameter. .IP \fB-bd\fR Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented by executing the \fBpostfix start\fR command. .IP \fB-bi\fR Initialize alias database. See the \fBnewaliases\fR command above. .IP \fB-bm\fR Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery. This is the default mode of operation. .IP \fB-bp\fR List the mail queue. See the \fBmailq\fR command above. .IP \fB-bs\fR Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard input, and write responses to standard output. In stand-alone SMTP server mode, UCE restrictions and access controls are disabled by default. To enable them, run the process as the \fBmail_owner\fR user. .sp This mode of operation is implemented by running the \fBsmtpd\fR(8) daemon. .IP "\fB-f \fIsender\fR" Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an \fBErrors-To:\fR message header. .IP "\fB-h \fIhop_count\fR (ignored)" Hop count limit. Use the \fBhopcount_limit\fR configuration parameter instead. .IP "\fB-i\fR" When reading a message from standard input, don\'t treat a line with only a \fB.\fR character as the end of input. .IP "\fB-m\fR (ignored)" Backwards compatibility. .IP "\fB-n\fR (ignored)" Backwards compatibility. .IP "\fB-oA\fIalias_database\fR" Non-default alias database. Specify \fIpathname\fR or \fItype\fR:\fIpathname\fR. See \fBpostalias\fR(1) for details. .IP "\fB-o7\fR (ignored)" .IP "\fB-o8\fR (ignored)" To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME encapsulation and specify the appropriate \fB-B\fR command-line option. .IP "\fB-oi\fR" When reading a message from standard input, don\'t treat a line with only a \fB.\fR character as the end of input. .IP "\fB-om\fR (ignored)" The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions. .IP "\fB-o \fIx value\fR (ignored)" Set option \fIx\fR to \fIvalue\fR. Use the equivalent configuration parameter in \fBmain.cf\fR instead. .IP "\fB-r \fIsender\fR" Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an \fBErrors-To:\fR message header. .IP \fB-q\fR Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command. .IP "\fB-q\fIinterval\fR (ignored)" The interval between queue runs. Use the \fBqueue_run_delay\fR configuration parameter instead. .IP \fB-qR\fIsite\fR Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the named \fIsite\fR. This option accepts only \fIsite\fR names that are eligible for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command. See \fBflush\fR(8) for more information about the "fast flush" service. .IP \fB-qS\fIsite\fR This command is not implemented. Use the slower \fBsendmail -q\fR command instead. .IP \fB-t\fR Extract recipients from message headers. This requires that no recipients be specified on the command line. .IP \fB-v\fR Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple \fB-v\fR options make the software increasingly verbose. For compatibility with mailx and other mail submission software, a single \fB-v\fR option produces no output. .SH SECURITY .na .nf .ad .fi By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. However, it must handle data from untrusted users or untrusted machines. Thus, the usual precautions need to be taken against malicious inputs. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .ad .fi Problems are logged to \fBsyslogd\fR(8) and to the standard error stream. .SH ENVIRONMENT .na .nf .ad .fi .IP \fBMAIL_CONFIG\fR Directory with Postfix configuration files. .IP \fBMAIL_VERBOSE\fR Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. .IP \fBMAIL_DEBUG\fR Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with the \fBdebugger_command\fR configuration parameter. .SH FILES .na .nf /var/spool/postfix, mail queue /etc/postfix, configuration files .SH CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS .na .nf .ad .fi See the Postfix \fBmain.cf\fR file for syntax details and for default values. Use the \fBpostfix reload\fR command after a configuration change. .IP \fBalias_database\fR Default alias database(s) for \fBnewaliases\fR. The default value for this parameter is system-specific. .IP \fBbounce_size_limit\fR The amount of original message context that is sent along with a non-delivery notification. .IP \fBdefault_database_type\fR Default alias etc. database type. On many UNIX systems the default type is either \fBdbm\fR or \fBhash\fR. .IP \fBdebugger_command\fR Command that is executed after a Postfix daemon has initialized. .IP \fBdebug_peer_level\fR Increment in verbose logging level when a remote host matches a pattern in the \fBdebug_peer_list\fR parameter. .IP \fBdebug_peer_list\fR List of domain or network patterns. When a remote host matches a pattern, increase the verbose logging level by the amount specified in the \fBdebug_peer_level\fR parameter. .IP \fBdefault_verp_delimiters\fR The VERP delimiter characters that are used when the \fB-V\fR command line option is specified without delimiter characters. .IP \fBfast_flush_domains\fR List of domains that will receive "fast flush" service (default: all domains that this system is willing to relay mail to). This list specifies the domains that Postfix accepts in the SMTP \fBETRN\fR request and in the \fBsendmail -qR\fR command. .IP \fBfork_attempts\fR Number of attempts to \fBfork\fR() a process before giving up. .IP \fBfork_delay\fR Delay in seconds between successive \fBfork\fR() attempts. .IP \fBhopcount_limit\fR Limit the number of \fBReceived:\fR message headers. .IP \fBmail_owner\fR The owner of the mail queue and of most Postfix processes. .IP \fBcommand_directory\fR Directory with Postfix support commands. .IP \fBdaemon_directory\fR Directory with Postfix daemon programs. .IP \fBqueue_directory\fR Top-level directory of the Postfix queue. This is also the root directory of Postfix daemons that run chrooted. .IP \fBqueue_run_delay\fR The time between successive scans of the deferred queue. .IP \fBverp_delimiter_filter\fR The characters that Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter characters. .SH SEE ALSO .na .nf pickup(8) mail pickup daemon postsuper(1) queue maintenance postalias(1) maintain alias database postdrop(1) mail posting utility postfix(1) mail system control postqueue(1) mail queue control qmgr(8) queue manager smtpd(8) SMTP server flush(8) fast flush service syslogd(8) system logging .SH LICENSE .na .nf .ad .fi The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. .SH AUTHOR(S) .na .nf Wietse Venema IBM T.J. Watson Research P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA