<html> <head> </head> <body> <pre> LOCAL(8) LOCAL(8) <b>NAME</b> local - Postfix local mail delivery <b>SYNOPSIS</b> <b>local</b> [generic Postfix daemon options] <b>DESCRIPTION</b> The <b>local</b> daemon processes delivery requests from the Postfix queue manager to deliver mail to local recipients. Each delivery request specifies a queue file, a sender address, a domain or host to deliver to, and one or more recipients. This program expects to be run from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>mas-</b></a> <a href="master.8.html"><b>ter</b>(8)</a> process manager. The <b>local</b> daemon updates queue files and marks recipients as finished, or it informs the queue manager that delivery should be tried again at a later time. Delivery problem reports are sent to the <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> or <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon as appropriate. <b>SYSTEM-WIDE</b> <b>AND</b> <b>USER-LEVEL</b> <b>ALIASING</b> The system administrator can set up one or more system- wide <b>sendmail</b>-style alias databases. Users can have <b>send-</b> <b>mail</b>-style ~/.<b>forward</b> files. Mail for <i>name</i> is delivered to the alias <i>name</i>, to destinations in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>forward</b>, to the mailbox owned by the user <i>name</i>, or it is sent back as undeliverable. The system administrator can specify a comma/space sepa- rated list of ~/.<b>forward</b> like files through the <b>for-</b> <b>ward</b><i>_</i><b>path</b> configuration parameter. Upon delivery, the local delivery agent tries each pathname in the list until a file is found. The <b>forward</b><i>_</i><b>path</b> parameter is subject to interpolation of <b>$user</b> (recipient username), <b>$home</b> (recip- ient home directory), <b>$shell</b> (recipient shell), <b>$recipient</b> (complete recipient address), <b>$extension</b> (recipient address extension), <b>$domain</b> (recipient domain), <b>local</b> (entire recipient address localpart) and <b>$recipient</b><i>_</i><b>delim-</b> <b>iter.</b> The forms <i>${name?value}</i> and <i>${name:value}</i> expand conditionally to <i>value</i> when <i>$name</i> is (is not) defined. Characters that may have special meaning to the shell or file system are replaced by underscores. The list of acceptable characters is specified with the <b>forward</b><i>_</i><b>expan-</b> <b>sion</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b> configuration parameter. An alias or ~/.<b>forward</b> file may list any combination of external commands, destination file names, <b>:include:</b> directives, or mail addresses. See <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> for a pre- cise description. Each line in a user's .<b>forward</b> file has the same syntax as the right-hand part of an alias. When an address is found in its own alias expansion, delivery is made to the user instead. When a user is listed in the user's own ~/.<b>forward</b> file, delivery is made to the user's mailbox instead. An empty ~/.<b>forward</b> file means do not forward mail. In order to prevent the mail system from using up unrea- sonable amounts of memory, input records read from <b>:include:</b> or from ~/.<b>forward</b> files are broken up into chunks of length <b>line</b><i>_</i><b>length</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b>. While expanding aliases, ~/.<b>forward</b> files, and so on, the program attempts to avoid duplicate deliveries. The <b>dupli-</b> <b>cate</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> configuration parameter limits the num- ber of remembered recipients. <b>MAIL</b> <b>FORWARDING</b> For the sake of reliability, forwarded mail is re-submit- ted as a new message, so that each recipient has a sepa- rate on-file delivery status record. In order to stop mail forwarding loops early, the software adds an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the envelope recipient address. If mail arrives for a recipient that is already listed in a <b>Delivered-To:</b> header, the message is bounced. <b>MAILBOX</b> <b>DELIVERY</b> The default per-user mailbox is a file in the UNIX mail spool directory (<b>/var/mail/</b><i>user</i> or <b>/var/spool/mail/</b><i>user</i>); the location can be specified with the <b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>spool</b><i>_</i><b>direc-</b> <b>tory</b> configuration parameter. Specify a name ending in <b>/</b> for <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery. Alternatively, the per-user mailbox can be a file in the user's home directory with a name specified via the <b>home</b><i>_</i><b>mailbox</b> configuration parameter. Specify a relative path name. Specify a name ending in <b>/</b> for <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery. Mailbox delivery can be delegated to an external command specified with the <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>command</b> configuration parame- ter. The command executes with the privileges of the recipient user (exception: in case of delivery as root, the command executes with the privileges of <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>privs</b>). Mailbox delivery can be delegated to alternative message transports specified in the <b>master.cf</b> file. The <b>mail-</b> <b>box</b><i>_</i><b>transport</b> configuration parameter specifies a message transport that is to be used for all local recipients, regardless of whether they are found in the UNIX passwd database. The <b>fallback</b><i>_</i><b>transport</b> parameter specifies a message transport for recipients that are not found in the UNIX passwd database. In the case of UNIX-style mailbox delivery, the <b>local</b> dae- mon prepends a "<b>From</b> <i>sender</i> <i>time_stamp</i>" envelope header to each message, prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given to Postfix, prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the envelope recipient address, prepends a <b>Return-Path:</b> header with the envelope sender address, prepends a > character to lines beginning with "<b>From</b> ", and appends an empty line. The mailbox is locked for exclusive access while delivery is in progress. In case of problems, an attempt is made to truncate the mailbox to its original length. In the case of <b>maildir</b> delivery, the local daemon prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the final envelope recipient address, prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given to Postfix, and prepends a <b>Return-Path:</b> header with the envelope sender address. <b>EXTERNAL</b> <b>COMMAND</b> <b>DELIVERY</b> The <b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>commands</b> configuration parameter restricts delivery to external commands. The default set- ting (<b>alias,</b> <b>forward</b>) forbids command destinations in <b>:include:</b> files. The command is executed directly where possible. Assis- tance by the shell (<b>/bin/sh</b> on UNIX systems) is used only when the command contains shell magic characters, or when the command invokes a shell built-in command. A limited amount of command output (standard output and standard error) is captured for inclusion with non-deliv- ery status reports. A command is forcibly terminated if it does not complete within <b>command</b><i>_</i><b>time</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> seconds. Command exit status codes are expected to follow the con- ventions defined in <<b>sysexits.h</b>>. A limited amount of message context is exported via envi- ronment variables. Characters that may have special mean- ing to the shell are replaced by underscores. The list of acceptable characters is specified with the <b>command</b><i>_</i><b>expan-</b> <b>sion</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b> configuration parameter. <b>SHELL</b> The recipient user's login shell. <b>HOME</b> The recipient user's home directory. <b>USER</b> The bare recipient name. <b>EXTENSION</b> The optional recipient address extension. <b>DOMAIN</b> The recipient address domain part. <b>LOGNAME</b> The bare recipient name. <b>LOCAL</b> The entire recipient address localpart (text to the left of the rightmost @ character). <b>RECIPIENT</b> The entire recipient address. <b>SENDER</b> The entire sender address. The <b>PATH</b> environment variable is always reset to a system- dependent default path, and environment variables whose names are blessed by the <b>export</b><i>_</i><b>environment</b> configuration parameter are exported unchanged. The current working directory is the mail queue directory. The <b>local</b> daemon prepends a "<b>From</b> <i>sender</i> <i>time_stamp</i>" enve- lope header to each message, prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given to Postfix, prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the recipi- ent envelope address, prepends a <b>Return-Path:</b> header with the sender envelope address, and appends no empty line. <b>EXTERNAL</b> <b>FILE</b> <b>DELIVERY</b> The delivery format depends on the destination filename syntax. The default is to use UNIX-style mailbox format. Specify a name ending in <b>/</b> for <b>qmail</b>-compatible <b>maildir</b> delivery. The <b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>files</b> configuration parameter restricts delivery to external files. The default setting (<b>alias,</b> <b>forward</b>) forbids file destinations in <b>:include:</b> files. In the case of UNIX-style mailbox delivery, the <b>local</b> dae- mon prepends a "<b>From</b> <i>sender</i> <i>time_stamp</i>" envelope header to each message, prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given to Postfix, prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the recipient envelope address, prepends a > character to lines beginning with "<b>From</b> ", and appends an empty line. The envelope sender address is available in the <b>Return-Path:</b> header. When the destination is a regular file, it is locked for exclusive access while delivery is in progress. In case of problems, an attempt is made to truncate a regular file to its orig- inal length. In the case of <b>maildir</b> delivery, the local daemon prepends an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header with the envelope recipi- ent address, and prepends an <b>X-Original-To:</b> header with the recipient address as given to Postfix. The envelope sender address is available in the <b>Return-Path:</b> header. <b>ADDRESS</b> <b>EXTENSION</b> The optional <b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>delimiter</b> configuration parameter specifies how to separate address extensions from local recipient names. For example, with "<b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>delimiter</b> <b>=</b> <b>+</b>", mail for <i>name</i>+<i>foo</i> is delivered to the alias <i>name</i>+<i>foo</i> or to the alias <i>name</i>, to the destinations listed in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>for-</b> <b>ward</b>+<i>foo</i> or in ~<i>name</i>/.<b>forward</b>, to the mailbox owned by the user <i>name</i>, or it is sent back as undeliverable. In all cases the <b>local</b> daemon prepends an optional `<b>Deliv-</b> <b>ered-To:</b> <i>name</i>+<i>foo</i>' header line. <b>DELIVERY</b> <b>RIGHTS</b> Deliveries to external files and external commands are made with the rights of the receiving user on whose behalf the delivery is made. In the absence of a user context, the <b>local</b> daemon uses the owner rights of the <b>:include:</b> file or alias database. When those files are owned by the superuser, delivery is made with the rights specified with the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>privs</b> configuration parameter. <b>STANDARDS</b> <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a> (ARPA Internet Text Messages) <b>DIAGNOSTICS</b> Problems and transactions are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8). Cor- rupted message files are marked so that the queue manager can move them to the <b>corrupt</b> queue afterwards. Depending on the setting of the <b>notify</b><i>_</i><b>classes</b> parameter, the postmaster is notified of bounces and of other trou- ble. <b>BUGS</b> For security reasons, the message delivery status of external commands or of external files is never check- pointed to file. As a result, the program may occasionally deliver more than once to a command or external file. Bet- ter safe than sorry. Mutually-recursive aliases or ~/.<b>forward</b> files are not detected early. The resulting mail forwarding loop is broken by the use of the <b>Delivered-To:</b> message header. <b>CONFIGURATION</b> <b>PARAMETERS</b> The following <b>main.cf</b> parameters are especially relevant to this program. See the Postfix <b>main.cf</b> file for syntax details and for default values. Use the <b>postfix</b> <b>reload</b> command after a configuration change. <b>Miscellaneous</b> <b>alias</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b> List of alias databases. <b>biff</b> Enable or disable notification of new mail via the <b>comsat</b> network service. <b>expand</b><i>_</i><b>owner</b><i>_</i><b>alias</b> When delivering to an alias that has an owner- com- panion alias, set the envelope sender address to the right-hand side of the owner alias, instead using of the left-hand side address. <b>export</b><i>_</i><b>environment</b> List of names of environment parameters that can be exported to non-Postfix processes. <b>forward</b><i>_</i><b>path</b> Search list for .forward files. The names are sub- ject to <i>$name</i> expansion. <b>local</b><i>_</i><b>command</b><i>_</i><b>shell</b> Shell to use for external command execution (for example, /some/where/smrsh -c). When a shell is specified, it is invoked even when the command con- tains no shell built-in commands or meta charac- ters. <b>owner</b><i>_</i><b>request</b><i>_</i><b>special</b> Give special treatment to <b>owner-</b><i>xxx</i> and <i>xxx</i><b>-request</b> addresses. <b>prepend</b><i>_</i><b>delivered</b><i>_</i><b>header</b> Prepend an optional <b>Delivered-To:</b> header upon external forwarding, delivery to command or file. Specify zero or more of: <b>command,</b> <b>file,</b> <b>forward</b>. Turning off <b>Delivered-To:</b> when forwarding mail is not recommended. <b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>delimiter</b> Separator between username and address extension. <b>require</b><i>_</i><b>home</b><i>_</i><b>directory</b> Require that a recipient's home directory is acces- sible by the recipient before attempting delivery. Defer delivery otherwise. <b>Mailbox</b> <b>delivery</b> <b>fallback</b><i>_</i><b>transport</b> Message transport for recipients that are not found in the UNIX passwd database. This parameter over- rides <b>luser</b><i>_</i><b>relay</b>. Note: you must update the <b>local</b><i>_</i><b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b> set- ting in the <b>main.cf</b> file, otherwise the Postfix SMTP server will reject mail for non-UNIX accounts with "<b>User</b> <b>unknown</b> <b>in</b> <b>local</b> <b>recipient</b> <b>table</b>". <b>home</b><i>_</i><b>mailbox</b> Pathname of a mailbox relative to a user's home directory. Specify a path ending in <b>/</b> for maildir- style delivery. <b>luser</b><i>_</i><b>relay</b> Destination (<i>@domain</i> or <i>address</i>) for non-existent users. The <i>address</i> is subjected to <i>$name</i> expan- sion. Note: you must specify "<b>local</b><i>_</i><b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b> <b>=</b>" (i.e. empty) in the <b>main.cf</b> file, otherwise the Postfix SMTP server will reject mail for non-UNIX accounts with "<b>User</b> <b>unknown</b> <b>in</b> <b>local</b> <b>recipient</b> <b>table</b>". <b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>spool</b><i>_</i><b>directory</b> Directory with UNIX-style mailboxes. The default pathname is system dependent. Specify a path end- ing in <b>/</b> for maildir-style delivery. <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>command</b> External command to use for mailbox delivery. The command executes with the recipient privileges (exception: root). The string is subject to $name expansions. <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>command</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b> Lookup tables with per-recipient external commands to use for mailbox delivery. Behavior is as with <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>command</b>. <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>transport</b> Message transport to use for mailbox delivery to all local recipients, whether or not they are found in the UNIX passwd database. This parameter over- rides all other configuration parameters that con- trol mailbox delivery, including <b>luser</b><i>_</i><b>relay</b>. Note: if you use this feature to receive mail for non-UNIX accounts then you must update the <b>local</b><i>_</i><b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b> setting in the <b>main.cf</b> file, otherwise the Postfix SMTP server will reject mail for non-UNIX accounts with "<b>User</b> <b>unknown</b> <b>in</b> <b>local</b> <b>recipient</b> <b>table</b>". <b>Locking</b> <b>controls</b> <b>deliver</b><i>_</i><b>lock</b><i>_</i><b>attempts</b> Limit the number of attempts to acquire an exclu- sive lock on a mailbox or external file. <b>deliver</b><i>_</i><b>lock</b><i>_</i><b>delay</b> Time in seconds between successive attempts to acquire an exclusive lock. <b>stale</b><i>_</i><b>lock</b><i>_</i><b>time</b> Limit the time after which a stale lock is removed. <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>delivery</b><i>_</i><b>lock</b> What file locking method(s) to use when delivering to a UNIX-style mailbox. The default setting is system dependent. For a list of available file locking methods, use the <b>postconf</b> <b>-l</b> command. <b>Resource</b> <b>controls</b> <b>command</b><i>_</i><b>time</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the amount of time for delivery to external command. <b>duplicate</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the size of the duplicate filter for results from alias etc. expansion. <b>line</b><i>_</i><b>length</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the amount of memory used for processing a partial input line. <b>local</b><i>_</i><b>destination</b><i>_</i><b>concurrency</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the number of parallel deliveries to the same user. The default limit is taken from the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>destination</b><i>_</i><b>concurrency</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> parameter. <b>local</b><i>_</i><b>destination</b><i>_</i><b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the number of recipients per message deliv- ery. The default limit is taken from the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>destination</b><i>_</i><b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> parameter. <b>mailbox</b><i>_</i><b>size</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> Limit the size of a mailbox etc. file (any file that is written to upon delivery). Set to zero to disable the limit. <b>Security</b> <b>controls</b> <b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>commands</b> Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external command. Specify zero or more of: <b>alias</b>, <b>forward</b>, <b>include</b>. <b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>files</b> Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external file. Specify zero or more of: <b>alias</b>, <b>forward</b>, <b>include</b>. <b>command</b><i>_</i><b>expansion</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b> What characters are allowed to appear in $name expansions of mailbox_command. Illegal characters are replaced by underscores. <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>privs</b> Default rights for delivery to external file or command. <b>forward</b><i>_</i><b>expansion</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b> What characters are allowed to appear in $name expansions of forward_path. Illegal characters are replaced by underscores. <b>HISTORY</b> The <b>Delivered-To:</b> header appears in the <b>qmail</b> system by Daniel Bernstein. The <i>maildir</i> structure appears in the <b>qmail</b> system by Daniel Bernstein. <b>SEE</b> <b>ALSO</b> <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a> format of alias database <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a> non-delivery status reports <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a> create/update alias database syslogd(8) system logging <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a> queue manager <b>LICENSE</b> The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. <b>AUTHOR(S)</b> Wietse Venema IBM T.J. Watson Research P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA LOCAL(8) </pre> </body> </html>