------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- -- -- GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS -- -- -- -- G N A T . S O C K E T S -- -- -- -- S p e c -- -- -- -- Copyright (C) 2001-2005, AdaCore -- -- -- -- GNAT is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under -- -- terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft- -- -- ware Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later ver- -- -- sion. GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- -- -- OUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY -- -- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License -- -- for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General -- -- Public License distributed with GNAT; see file COPYING. If not, write -- -- to the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, -- -- Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. -- -- -- -- As a special exception, if other files instantiate generics from this -- -- unit, or you link this unit with other files to produce an executable, -- -- this unit does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be -- -- covered by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not -- -- however invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be -- -- covered by the GNU Public License. -- -- -- -- GNAT was originally developed by the GNAT team at New York University. -- -- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc. -- -- -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- This package provides an interface to the sockets communication facility -- provided on many operating systems. This is implemented on the following -- platforms: -- All native ports, with restrictions as follows -- Multicast is available only on systems which provide support for this -- feature, so it is not available if Multicast is not supported, or not -- installed. In particular Multicast is not available with the Windows -- version. -- The VMS implementation has implemented using the DECC RTL Socket API, -- and is thus subject to limitations in the implementation of this API. -- VxWorks cross ports fully implement this package -- This package is not yet implemented on LynxOS or other cross ports with Ada.Exceptions; with Ada.Streams; with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation; with System; package GNAT.Sockets is -- Sockets are designed to provide a consistent communication facility -- between applications. This package provides an Ada-like interface -- similar to that proposed as part of the BSD socket layer. -- GNAT.Sockets has been designed with several ideas in mind -- This is a system independent interface. Therefore, we try as much as -- possible to mask system incompatibilities. Some functionalities are not -- available because there are not fully supported on some systems. -- This is a thick binding. For instance, a major effort has been done to -- avoid using memory addresses or untyped ints. We preferred to define -- streams and enumeration types. Errors are not returned as returned -- values but as exceptions. -- This package provides a POSIX-compliant interface (between two -- different implementations of the same routine, we adopt the one closest -- to the POSIX specification). For instance, using select(), the -- notification of an asynchronous connect failure is delivered in the -- write socket set (POSIX) instead of the exception socket set (NT). -- Here is a typical example of what you can do: -- with GNAT.Sockets; use GNAT.Sockets; -- with Ada.Text_IO; -- with Ada.Exceptions; use Ada.Exceptions; -- procedure PingPong is -- Group : constant String := "239.255.128.128"; -- -- Multicast group: administratively scoped IP address -- task Pong is -- entry Start; -- entry Stop; -- end Pong; -- task body Pong is -- Address : Sock_Addr_Type; -- Server : Socket_Type; -- Socket : Socket_Type; -- Channel : Stream_Access; -- begin -- accept Start; -- -- -- Get an Internet address of a host (here the local host name). -- -- Note that a host can have several addresses. Here we get -- -- the first one which is supposed to be the official one. -- Address.Addr := Addresses (Get_Host_By_Name (Host_Name), 1); -- -- Get a socket address that is an Internet address and a port -- Address.Port := 5876; -- -- The first step is to create a socket. Once created, this -- -- socket must be associated to with an address. Usually only a -- -- server (Pong here) needs to bind an address explicitly. Most -- -- of the time clients can skip this step because the socket -- -- routines will bind an arbitrary address to an unbound socket. -- Create_Socket (Server); -- -- Allow reuse of local addresses -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Server, -- Socket_Level, -- (Reuse_Address, True)); -- Bind_Socket (Server, Address); -- -- A server marks a socket as willing to receive connect events -- Listen_Socket (Server); -- -- Once a server calls Listen_Socket, incoming connects events -- -- can be accepted. The returned Socket is a new socket that -- -- represents the server side of the connection. Server remains -- -- available to receive further connections. -- Accept_Socket (Server, Socket, Address); -- -- Return a stream associated to the connected socket -- Channel := Stream (Socket); -- -- Force Pong to block -- delay 0.2; -- -- Receive and print message from client Ping -- declare -- Message : String := String'Input (Channel); -- begin -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (Message); -- -- Send same message back to client Ping -- String'Output (Channel, Message); -- end; -- Close_Socket (Server); -- Close_Socket (Socket); -- -- Part of the multicast example -- -- Create a datagram socket to send connectionless, unreliable -- -- messages of a fixed maximum length. -- Create_Socket (Socket, Family_Inet, Socket_Datagram); -- -- Allow reuse of local addresses -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- Socket_Level, -- (Reuse_Address, True)); -- -- Join a multicast group -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Add_Membership, Inet_Addr (Group), Any_Inet_Addr)); -- -- Controls the live time of the datagram to avoid it being -- -- looped forever due to routing errors. Routers decrement -- -- the TTL of every datagram as it traverses from one network -- -- to another and when its value reaches 0 the packet is -- -- dropped. Default is 1. -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Multicast_TTL, 1)); -- -- Want the data you send to be looped back to your host -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Multicast_Loop, True)); -- -- If this socket is intended to receive messages, bind it -- -- to a given socket address. -- Address.Addr := Any_Inet_Addr; -- Address.Port := 55505; -- Bind_Socket (Socket, Address); -- -- If this socket is intended to send messages, provide the -- -- receiver socket address. -- Address.Addr := Inet_Addr (Group); -- Address.Port := 55506; -- Channel := Stream (Socket, Address); -- -- Receive and print message from client Ping -- declare -- Message : String := String'Input (Channel); -- begin -- -- Get the address of the sender -- Address := Get_Address (Channel); -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (Message & " from " & Image (Address)); -- -- Send same message back to client Ping -- String'Output (Channel, Message); -- end; -- Close_Socket (Socket); -- accept Stop; -- exception when E : others => -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line -- (Exception_Name (E) & ": " & Exception_Message (E)); -- end Pong; -- task Ping is -- entry Start; -- entry Stop; -- end Ping; -- task body Ping is -- Address : Sock_Addr_Type; -- Socket : Socket_Type; -- Channel : Stream_Access; -- begin -- accept Start; -- -- See comments in Ping section for the first steps -- Address.Addr := Addresses (Get_Host_By_Name (Host_Name), 1); -- Address.Port := 5876; -- Create_Socket (Socket); -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- Socket_Level, -- (Reuse_Address, True)); -- -- Force Pong to block -- delay 0.2; -- -- If the client's socket is not bound, Connect_Socket will -- -- bind to an unused address. The client uses Connect_Socket to -- -- create a logical connection between the client's socket and -- -- a server's socket returned by Accept_Socket. -- Connect_Socket (Socket, Address); -- Channel := Stream (Socket); -- -- Send message to server Pong -- String'Output (Channel, "Hello world"); -- -- Force Ping to block -- delay 0.2; -- -- Receive and print message from server Pong -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (String'Input (Channel)); -- Close_Socket (Socket); -- -- Part of multicast example. Code similar to Pong's one -- Create_Socket (Socket, Family_Inet, Socket_Datagram); -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- Socket_Level, -- (Reuse_Address, True)); -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Add_Membership, Inet_Addr (Group), Any_Inet_Addr)); -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Multicast_TTL, 1)); -- Set_Socket_Option -- (Socket, -- IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, -- (Multicast_Loop, True)); -- Address.Addr := Any_Inet_Addr; -- Address.Port := 55506; -- Bind_Socket (Socket, Address); -- Address.Addr := Inet_Addr (Group); -- Address.Port := 55505; -- Channel := Stream (Socket, Address); -- -- Send message to server Pong -- String'Output (Channel, "Hello world"); -- -- Receive and print message from server Pong -- declare -- Message : String := String'Input (Channel); -- begin -- Address := Get_Address (Channel); -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (Message & " from " & Image (Address)); -- end; -- Close_Socket (Socket); -- accept Stop; -- exception when E : others => -- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line -- (Exception_Name (E) & ": " & Exception_Message (E)); -- end Ping; -- begin -- -- Indicate whether the thread library provides process -- -- blocking IO. Basically, if you are not using FSU threads -- -- the default is ok. -- Initialize (Process_Blocking_IO => False); -- Ping.Start; -- Pong.Start; -- Ping.Stop; -- Pong.Stop; -- Finalize; -- end PingPong; procedure Initialize (Process_Blocking_IO : Boolean := False); -- Initialize must be called before using any other socket routines. The -- Process_Blocking_IO parameter indicates whether the thread library -- provides process-blocking or thread-blocking input/output operations. -- In the former case (typically with FSU threads) GNAT.Sockets should be -- initialized with a value of True to provide task-blocking IO through an -- emulation mechanism. Only the first call to Initialize is taken into -- account (further calls will be ignored). Note that with the default -- value of Process_Blocking_IO, this operation is a no-op on UNIX -- platforms, but applications should make sure to call it if portability -- is expected: some platforms (such as Windows) require initialization -- before any other socket operations. procedure Finalize; -- After Finalize is called it is not possible to use any routines -- exported in by this package. This procedure is idempotent. type Socket_Type is private; -- Sockets are used to implement a reliable bi-directional point-to-point, -- stream-based connections between hosts. No_Socket provides a special -- value to denote uninitialized sockets. No_Socket : constant Socket_Type; Socket_Error : exception; -- There is only one exception in this package to deal with an error during -- a socket routine. Once raised, its message contains a string describing -- the error code. function Image (Socket : Socket_Type) return String; -- Return a printable string for Socket function To_C (Socket : Socket_Type) return Integer; -- Return a file descriptor to be used by external subprograms. This is -- useful for C functions that are not yet interfaced in this package. type Family_Type is (Family_Inet, Family_Inet6); -- Address family (or protocol family) identifies the communication domain -- and groups protocols with similar address formats. IPv6 will soon be -- supported. type Mode_Type is (Socket_Stream, Socket_Datagram); -- Stream sockets provide connection-oriented byte streams. Datagram -- sockets support unreliable connectionless message based communication. type Shutmode_Type is (Shut_Read, Shut_Write, Shut_Read_Write); -- When a process closes a socket, the policy is to retain any data queued -- until either a delivery or a timeout expiration (in this case, the data -- are discarded). A finer control is available through shutdown. With -- Shut_Read, no more data can be received from the socket. With_Write, no -- more data can be transmitted. Neither transmission nor reception can be -- performed with Shut_Read_Write. type Port_Type is new Natural; -- Classical port definition. No_Port provides a special value to -- denote uninitialized port. Any_Port provides a special value -- enabling all ports. Any_Port : constant Port_Type; No_Port : constant Port_Type; type Inet_Addr_Type (Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet) is private; -- An Internet address depends on an address family (IPv4 contains 4 -- octets and Ipv6 contains 16 octets). Any_Inet_Addr is a special value -- treated like a wildcard enabling all addresses. No_Inet_Addr provides a -- special value to denote uninitialized inet addresses. Any_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type; No_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type; Broadcast_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type; type Sock_Addr_Type (Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet) is record Addr : Inet_Addr_Type (Family); Port : Port_Type; end record; -- Socket addresses fully define a socket connection with protocol family, -- an Internet address and a port. No_Sock_Addr provides a special value -- for uninitialized socket addresses. No_Sock_Addr : constant Sock_Addr_Type; function Image (Value : Inet_Addr_Type) return String; -- Return an image of an Internet address. IPv4 notation consists in 4 -- octets in decimal format separated by dots. IPv6 notation consists in -- 16 octets in hexadecimal format separated by colons (and possibly -- dots). function Image (Value : Sock_Addr_Type) return String; -- Return inet address image and port image separated by a colon function Inet_Addr (Image : String) return Inet_Addr_Type; -- Convert address image from numbers-and-dots notation into an -- inet address. -- Host entries provide complete information on a given host: the official -- name, an array of alternative names or aliases and array of network -- addresses. type Host_Entry_Type (Aliases_Length, Addresses_Length : Natural) is private; function Official_Name (E : Host_Entry_Type) return String; -- Return official name in host entry function Aliases_Length (E : Host_Entry_Type) return Natural; -- Return number of aliases in host entry function Addresses_Length (E : Host_Entry_Type) return Natural; -- Return number of addresses in host entry function Aliases (E : Host_Entry_Type; N : Positive := 1) return String; -- Return N'th aliases in host entry. The first index is 1 function Addresses (E : Host_Entry_Type; N : Positive := 1) return Inet_Addr_Type; -- Return N'th addresses in host entry. The first index is 1 Host_Error : exception; -- Exception raised by the two following procedures. Once raised, its -- message contains a string describing the error code. This exception is -- raised when an host entry cannot be retrieved. function Get_Host_By_Address (Address : Inet_Addr_Type; Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet) return Host_Entry_Type; -- Return host entry structure for the given Inet address. Note that no -- result will be returned if there is no mapping of this IP address to a -- host name in the system tables (host database, DNS or otherwise). function Get_Host_By_Name (Name : String) return Host_Entry_Type; -- Return host entry structure for the given host name. Here name is -- either a host name, or an IP address. If Name is an IP address, this is -- equivalent to Get_Host_By_Address (Inet_Addr (Name)). function Host_Name return String; -- Return the name of the current host type Service_Entry_Type (Aliases_Length : Natural) is private; -- Service entries provide complete information on a given service: the -- official name, an array of alternative names or aliases and the port -- number. function Official_Name (S : Service_Entry_Type) return String; -- Return official name in service entry function Port_Number (S : Service_Entry_Type) return Port_Type; -- Return port number in service entry function Protocol_Name (S : Service_Entry_Type) return String; -- Return Protocol in service entry (usually UDP or TCP) function Aliases_Length (S : Service_Entry_Type) return Natural; -- Return number of aliases in service entry function Aliases (S : Service_Entry_Type; N : Positive := 1) return String; -- Return N'th aliases in service entry (the first index is 1) function Get_Service_By_Name (Name : String; Protocol : String) return Service_Entry_Type; -- Return service entry structure for the given service name function Get_Service_By_Port (Port : Port_Type; Protocol : String) return Service_Entry_Type; -- Return service entry structure for the given service port number Service_Error : exception; -- Comment required ??? -- Errors are described by an enumeration type. There is only one -- exception Socket_Error in this package to deal with an error during a -- socket routine. Once raised, its message contains the error code -- between brackets and a string describing the error code. -- The name of the enumeration constant documents the error condition type Error_Type is (Success, Permission_Denied, Address_Already_In_Use, Cannot_Assign_Requested_Address, Address_Family_Not_Supported_By_Protocol, Operation_Already_In_Progress, Bad_File_Descriptor, Software_Caused_Connection_Abort, Connection_Refused, Connection_Reset_By_Peer, Destination_Address_Required, Bad_Address, Host_Is_Down, No_Route_To_Host, Operation_Now_In_Progress, Interrupted_System_Call, Invalid_Argument, Input_Output_Error, Transport_Endpoint_Already_Connected, Too_Many_Symbolic_Links, Too_Many_Open_Files, Message_Too_Long, File_Name_Too_Long, Network_Is_Down, Network_Dropped_Connection_Because_Of_Reset, Network_Is_Unreachable, No_Buffer_Space_Available, Protocol_Not_Available, Transport_Endpoint_Not_Connected, Socket_Operation_On_Non_Socket, Operation_Not_Supported, Protocol_Family_Not_Supported, Protocol_Not_Supported, Protocol_Wrong_Type_For_Socket, Cannot_Send_After_Transport_Endpoint_Shutdown, Socket_Type_Not_Supported, Connection_Timed_Out, Too_Many_References, Resource_Temporarily_Unavailable, Unknown_Host, Host_Name_Lookup_Failure, Non_Recoverable_Error, Unknown_Server_Error, Cannot_Resolve_Error); -- Timeval_Duration is a subtype of Standard.Duration because the full -- range of Standard.Duration cannot be represented in the equivalent C -- structure. Moreover, negative values are not allowed to avoid system -- incompatibilities. Immediate : constant := 0.0; Forever : constant := Duration (Integer'Last) * 1.0; subtype Timeval_Duration is Duration range Immediate .. Forever; -- Get_Socket_Options and Set_Socket_Options manipulate options associated -- with a socket. Options may exist at multiple protocol levels in the -- communication stack. Socket_Level is the uppermost socket level. type Level_Type is ( Socket_Level, IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level, IP_Protocol_For_UDP_Level, IP_Protocol_For_TCP_Level); -- There are several options available to manipulate sockets. Each option -- has a name and several values available. Most of the time, the value is -- a boolean to enable or disable this option. type Option_Name is ( Keep_Alive, -- Enable sending of keep-alive messages Reuse_Address, -- Allow bind to reuse local address Broadcast, -- Enable datagram sockets to recv/send broadcasts Send_Buffer, -- Set/get the maximum socket send buffer in bytes Receive_Buffer, -- Set/get the maximum socket recv buffer in bytes Linger, -- Shutdown wait for msg to be sent or timeout occur Error, -- Get and clear the pending socket error No_Delay, -- Do not delay send to coalesce packets (TCP_NODELAY) Add_Membership, -- Join a multicast group Drop_Membership, -- Leave a multicast group Multicast_If, -- Set default outgoing interface for multicast packets Multicast_TTL, -- Indicate the time-to-live of sent multicast packets Multicast_Loop, -- Sent multicast packets are looped to local socket Send_Timeout, -- Set timeout value for output Receive_Timeout); -- Set timeout value for input type Option_Type (Name : Option_Name := Keep_Alive) is record case Name is when Keep_Alive | Reuse_Address | Broadcast | Linger | No_Delay | Multicast_Loop => Enabled : Boolean; case Name is when Linger => Seconds : Natural; when others => null; end case; when Send_Buffer | Receive_Buffer => Size : Natural; when Error => Error : Error_Type; when Add_Membership | Drop_Membership => Multicast_Address : Inet_Addr_Type; Local_Interface : Inet_Addr_Type; when Multicast_If => Outgoing_If : Inet_Addr_Type; when Multicast_TTL => Time_To_Live : Natural; when Send_Timeout | Receive_Timeout => Timeout : Timeval_Duration; end case; end record; -- There are several controls available to manipulate sockets. Each option -- has a name and several values available. These controls differ from the -- socket options in that they are not specific to sockets but are -- available for any device. type Request_Name is ( Non_Blocking_IO, -- Cause a caller not to wait on blocking operations. N_Bytes_To_Read); -- Return the number of bytes available to read type Request_Type (Name : Request_Name := Non_Blocking_IO) is record case Name is when Non_Blocking_IO => Enabled : Boolean; when N_Bytes_To_Read => Size : Natural; end case; end record; -- A request flag allows to specify the type of message transmissions or -- receptions. A request flag can be combination of zero or more -- predefined request flags. type Request_Flag_Type is private; No_Request_Flag : constant Request_Flag_Type; -- This flag corresponds to the normal execution of an operation Process_Out_Of_Band_Data : constant Request_Flag_Type; -- This flag requests that the receive or send function operates on -- out-of-band data when the socket supports this notion (e.g. -- Socket_Stream). Peek_At_Incoming_Data : constant Request_Flag_Type; -- This flag causes the receive operation to return data from the -- beginning of the receive queue without removing that data from the -- queue. A subsequent receive call will return the same data. Wait_For_A_Full_Reception : constant Request_Flag_Type; -- This flag requests that the operation block until the full request is -- satisfied. However, the call may still return less data than requested -- if a signal is caught, an error or disconnect occurs, or the next data -- to be received is of a different type than that returned. Note that -- this flag depends on support in the underlying sockets implementation, -- and is not supported under Windows. Send_End_Of_Record : constant Request_Flag_Type; -- This flag indicates that the entire message has been sent and so this -- terminates the record. function "+" (L, R : Request_Flag_Type) return Request_Flag_Type; -- Combine flag L with flag R type Stream_Element_Reference is access all Ada.Streams.Stream_Element; type Vector_Element is record Base : Stream_Element_Reference; Length : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Count; end record; type Vector_Type is array (Integer range <>) of Vector_Element; procedure Create_Socket (Socket : out Socket_Type; Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet; Mode : Mode_Type := Socket_Stream); -- Create an endpoint for communication. Raises Socket_Error on error procedure Accept_Socket (Server : Socket_Type; Socket : out Socket_Type; Address : out Sock_Addr_Type); -- Extracts the first connection request on the queue of pending -- connections, creates a new connected socket with mostly the same -- properties as Server, and allocates a new socket. The returned Address -- is filled in with the address of the connection. Raises Socket_Error on -- error. procedure Bind_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Address : Sock_Addr_Type); -- Once a socket is created, assign a local address to it. Raise -- Socket_Error on error. procedure Close_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type); -- Close a socket and more specifically a non-connected socket procedure Connect_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Server : in out Sock_Addr_Type); -- Make a connection to another socket which has the address of -- Server. Raises Socket_Error on error. procedure Control_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Request : in out Request_Type); -- Obtain or set parameter values that control the socket. This control -- differs from the socket options in that they are not specific to -- sockets but are available for any device. function Get_Peer_Name (Socket : Socket_Type) return Sock_Addr_Type; -- Return the peer or remote socket address of a socket. Raise -- Socket_Error on error. function Get_Socket_Name (Socket : Socket_Type) return Sock_Addr_Type; -- Return the local or current socket address of a socket. Return -- No_Sock_Addr on error (for instance, socket closed or not locally -- bound). function Get_Socket_Option (Socket : Socket_Type; Level : Level_Type := Socket_Level; Name : Option_Name) return Option_Type; -- Get the options associated with a socket. Raises Socket_Error -- on error. procedure Listen_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Length : Positive := 15); -- To accept connections, a socket is first created with Create_Socket, -- a willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue Length for -- incoming connections are specified. Raise Socket_Error on error. procedure Receive_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Item : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array; Last : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset; Flags : Request_Flag_Type := No_Request_Flag); -- Receive message from Socket. Last is the index value such that Item -- (Last) is the last character assigned. Note that Last is set to -- Item'First - 1 when the socket has been closed by peer. This is not an -- error and no exception is raised. Flags allows to control the -- reception. Raise Socket_Error on error. procedure Receive_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Item : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array; Last : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset; From : out Sock_Addr_Type; Flags : Request_Flag_Type := No_Request_Flag); -- Receive message from Socket. If Socket is not connection-oriented, the -- source address From of the message is filled in. Last is the index -- value such that Item (Last) is the last character assigned. Flags -- allows to control the reception. Raises Socket_Error on error. procedure Receive_Vector (Socket : Socket_Type; Vector : Vector_Type; Count : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Count); -- Receive data from a socket and scatter it into the set of vector -- elements Vector. Count is set to the count of received stream elements. function Resolve_Exception (Occurrence : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Occurrence) return Error_Type; -- When Socket_Error or Host_Error are raised, the exception message -- contains the error code between brackets and a string describing the -- error code. Resolve_Error extracts the error code from an exception -- message and translate it into an enumeration value. procedure Send_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Item : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array; Last : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset; Flags : Request_Flag_Type := No_Request_Flag); -- Transmit a message to another socket. Note that Last is set to -- Item'First-1 when socket has been closed by peer. This is not -- considered an error and no exception is raised. Flags allows to control -- the transmission. Raises Socket_Error on any other error condition. procedure Send_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; Item : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array; Last : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset; To : Sock_Addr_Type; Flags : Request_Flag_Type := No_Request_Flag); -- Transmit a message to another socket. The address is given by To. Flags -- allows to control the transmission. Raises Socket_Error on error. procedure Send_Vector (Socket : Socket_Type; Vector : Vector_Type; Count : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Count); -- Transmit data gathered from the set of vector elements Vector to a -- socket. Count is set to the count of transmitted stream elements. procedure Set_Socket_Option (Socket : Socket_Type; Level : Level_Type := Socket_Level; Option : Option_Type); -- Manipulate socket options. Raises Socket_Error on error procedure Shutdown_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type; How : Shutmode_Type := Shut_Read_Write); -- Shutdown a connected socket. If How is Shut_Read, further receives will -- be disallowed. If How is Shut_Write, further sends will be disallowed. -- If how is Shut_Read_Write, further sends and receives will be -- disallowed. type Stream_Access is access all Ada.Streams.Root_Stream_Type'Class; -- Same interface as Ada.Streams.Stream_IO function Stream (Socket : Socket_Type) return Stream_Access; -- Create a stream associated with a stream-based socket that is -- already connected. function Stream (Socket : Socket_Type; Send_To : Sock_Addr_Type) return Stream_Access; -- Create a stream associated with a datagram-based socket that is already -- bound. Send_To is the socket address to which messages are being sent. function Get_Address (Stream : Stream_Access) return Sock_Addr_Type; -- Return the socket address from which the last message was received procedure Free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation (Ada.Streams.Root_Stream_Type'Class, Stream_Access); -- Destroy a stream created by one of the Stream functions above, -- releasing the corresponding resources. The user is responsible for -- calling this subprogram when the stream is not needed anymore. type Socket_Set_Type is limited private; -- This type allows to manipulate sets of sockets. It allows to wait for -- events on multiple endpoints at one time. This is an access type on a -- system dependent structure. To avoid memory leaks it is highly -- recommended to clean the access value with procedure Empty. procedure Clear (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type; Socket : Socket_Type); -- Remove Socket from Item procedure Copy (Source : Socket_Set_Type; Target : in out Socket_Set_Type); -- Copy Source into Target as Socket_Set_Type is limited private procedure Empty (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type); -- Remove all Sockets from Item and deallocate internal data procedure Get (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type; Socket : out Socket_Type); -- Extract a Socket from socket set Item. Socket is set to -- No_Socket when the set is empty. function Is_Empty (Item : Socket_Set_Type) return Boolean; -- Return True iff Item is empty function Is_Set (Item : Socket_Set_Type; Socket : Socket_Type) return Boolean; -- Return True iff Socket is present in Item procedure Set (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type; Socket : Socket_Type); -- Insert Socket into Item -- The select(2) system call waits for events to occur on any of a set of -- file descriptors. Usually, three independent sets of descriptors are -- watched (read, write and exception). A timeout gives an upper bound -- on the amount of time elapsed before select returns. This function -- blocks until an event occurs. On some platforms, the select(2) system -- can block the full process (not just the calling thread). -- -- Check_Selector provides the very same behaviour. The only difference is -- that it does not watch for exception events. Note that on some -- platforms it is kept process blocking on purpose. The timeout parameter -- allows the user to have the behaviour he wants. Abort_Selector allows -- to abort safely a Check_Selector that is blocked forever. A special -- file descriptor is opened by Create_Selector and included in each call -- to Check_Selector. Abort_Selector causes an event to occur on this -- descriptor in order to unblock Check_Selector. The user must call -- Close_Selector to discard this special file. A reason to abort a select -- operation is typically to add a socket in one of the socket sets when -- the timeout is set to forever. type Selector_Type is limited private; type Selector_Access is access all Selector_Type; subtype Selector_Duration is Timeval_Duration; procedure Create_Selector (Selector : out Selector_Type); -- Create a new selector procedure Close_Selector (Selector : in out Selector_Type); -- Close Selector and all internal descriptors associated type Selector_Status is (Completed, Expired, Aborted); procedure Check_Selector (Selector : in out Selector_Type; R_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type; W_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type; Status : out Selector_Status; Timeout : Selector_Duration := Forever); -- Return when one Socket in R_Socket_Set has some data to be read or if -- one Socket in W_Socket_Set is ready to transmit some data. In these -- cases Status is set to Completed and sockets that are ready are set in -- R_Socket_Set or W_Socket_Set. Status is set to Expired if no socket was -- ready after a Timeout expiration. Status is set to Aborted if an abort -- signal has been received while checking socket status. As this -- procedure returns when Timeout occurs, it is a design choice to keep -- this procedure process blocking. Note that a Timeout of 0.0 returns -- immediately. Also note that two different Socket_Set_Type objects must -- be passed as R_Socket_Set and W_Socket_Set (even if they denote the -- same set of Sockets), or some event may be lost. -- Socket_Error is raised when the select(2) system call returns an -- error condition, or when a read error occurs on the signalling socket -- used for the implementation of Abort_Selector. procedure Check_Selector (Selector : in out Selector_Type; R_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type; W_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type; E_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type; Status : out Selector_Status; Timeout : Selector_Duration := Forever); -- This refined version of Check_Selector allows to watch for exception -- events (that is notifications of out-of-band transmission and -- reception). As above, all of R_Socket_Set, W_Socket_Set and -- E_Socket_Set must be different objects. procedure Abort_Selector (Selector : Selector_Type); -- Send an abort signal to the selector private type Socket_Type is new Integer; No_Socket : constant Socket_Type := -1; type Selector_Type is limited record R_Sig_Socket : Socket_Type; W_Sig_Socket : Socket_Type; end record; pragma Volatile (Selector_Type); -- The two signalling sockets are used to abort a select operation subtype Socket_Set_Access is System.Address; No_Socket_Set : constant Socket_Set_Access := System.Null_Address; type Socket_Set_Type is record Last : Socket_Type := No_Socket; Set : Socket_Set_Access := No_Socket_Set; end record; subtype Inet_Addr_Comp_Type is Natural range 0 .. 255; -- Octet for Internet address type Inet_Addr_VN_Type is array (Natural range <>) of Inet_Addr_Comp_Type; subtype Inet_Addr_V4_Type is Inet_Addr_VN_Type (1 .. 4); subtype Inet_Addr_V6_Type is Inet_Addr_VN_Type (1 .. 16); type Inet_Addr_Type (Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet) is record case Family is when Family_Inet => Sin_V4 : Inet_Addr_V4_Type := (others => 0); when Family_Inet6 => Sin_V6 : Inet_Addr_V6_Type := (others => 0); end case; end record; Any_Port : constant Port_Type := 0; No_Port : constant Port_Type := 0; Any_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type := (Family_Inet, (others => 0)); No_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type := (Family_Inet, (others => 0)); Broadcast_Inet_Addr : constant Inet_Addr_Type := (Family_Inet, (others => 255)); No_Sock_Addr : constant Sock_Addr_Type := (Family_Inet, No_Inet_Addr, 0); Max_Name_Length : constant := 64; -- The constant MAXHOSTNAMELEN is usually set to 64 subtype Name_Index is Natural range 1 .. Max_Name_Length; type Name_Type (Length : Name_Index := Max_Name_Length) is record Name : String (1 .. Length); end record; -- We need fixed strings to avoid access types in host entry type type Name_Array is array (Natural range <>) of Name_Type; type Inet_Addr_Array is array (Natural range <>) of Inet_Addr_Type; type Host_Entry_Type (Aliases_Length, Addresses_Length : Natural) is record Official : Name_Type; Aliases : Name_Array (1 .. Aliases_Length); Addresses : Inet_Addr_Array (1 .. Addresses_Length); end record; type Service_Entry_Type (Aliases_Length : Natural) is record Official : Name_Type; Aliases : Name_Array (1 .. Aliases_Length); Port : Port_Type; Protocol : Name_Type; end record; type Request_Flag_Type is mod 2 ** 8; No_Request_Flag : constant Request_Flag_Type := 0; Process_Out_Of_Band_Data : constant Request_Flag_Type := 1; Peek_At_Incoming_Data : constant Request_Flag_Type := 2; Wait_For_A_Full_Reception : constant Request_Flag_Type := 4; Send_End_Of_Record : constant Request_Flag_Type := 8; end GNAT.Sockets;