lf_hfs_catalog.c   [plain text]

//
//  lf_hfs_catalog.c
//  hfs
//
//  Created by Yakov Ben Zaken on 22/03/2018.
//

#include "lf_hfs.h"
#include "lf_hfs_catalog.h"
#include "lf_hfs_utils.h"
#include "lf_hfs_vfsutils.h"
#include "lf_hfs_vfsops.h"
#include "lf_hfs_unicode_wrappers.h"
#include "lf_hfs_sbunicode.h"
#include "lf_hfs_btrees_internal.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "lf_hfs_vnops.h"
#include <UserFS/UserVFS.h>
#include "lf_hfs_dirops_handler.h"
#include "lf_hfs_endian.h"
#include "lf_hfs_btree.h"
#include "lf_hfs_xattr.h"
#include "lf_hfs_chash.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include "lf_hfs_chash.h"
#include "lf_hfs_generic_buf.h"
#include "lf_hfs_journal.h"

#define HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE          0x1    /* If set, allow lookup of system files */
#define HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK         0x2    /* If set, allow lookup of hard link records and not resolve the hard links */
#define HFS_LOOKUP_CASESENSITIVE    0x4    /* If set, verify results of a file/directory record match input case */

#define SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE (UVFS_DIRENTRY_RECLEN(1))

/* Map file mode type to directory entry types */
u_char modetodirtype[16] = {
    UVFS_FA_TYPE_FILE, 0, 0, 0,
    UVFS_FA_TYPE_DIR, 0, 0, 0,
    UVFS_FA_TYPE_FILE, 0, UVFS_FA_TYPE_SYMLINK, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0
};
#define MODE_TO_TYPE(mode)  (modetodirtype[((mode) & S_IFMT) >> 12])

/*
 * Initialization of an FSBufferDescriptor structure.
 */
#define BDINIT(bd, addr) {                  \
        (bd).bufferAddress = (addr);        \
        (bd).itemSize = sizeof(*(addr));    \
        (bd).itemCount = 1;                 \
    }

/* HFS ID Hashtable Functions */
#define IDHASH(hfsmp, inum) (&hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl[(inum) & hfsmp->hfs_idhash])

static int isadir(const CatalogRecord *crp);
static int builddesc(const HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, cnid_t cnid,
                         u_int32_t hint, u_int32_t encoding, int isdir, struct cat_desc *descp);
static int buildkey(struct cat_desc *descp, HFSPlusCatalogKey *key);

// --------------------------------------- Hard Link Support ---------------------------------------------
static int resolvelinkid(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, ino_t *ino);
static int cat_makealias(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t inode_num, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp);
/* Hard link information collected during cat_getdirentries. */
struct linkinfo {
    u_int32_t       link_ref;
    caddr_t         dirent_addr;
};
typedef struct linkinfo linkinfo_t;

struct btobj {
    BTreeIterator        iterator;
    HFSPlusCatalogKey     key;
    CatalogRecord        data;
};

/* Constants for directory hard link alias */
enum {
    /* Size of resource fork data array for directory hard link alias */
    kHFSAliasSize                = 0x1d0,

    /* Volume type for ejectable devices like disk image */
    kHFSAliasVolTypeEjectable    = 0x5,

    /* Offset for volume create date, in Mac OS local time */
    kHFSAliasVolCreateDateOffset = 0x12a,

    /* Offset for the type of volume */
    kHFSAliasVolTypeOffset       = 0x130,

    /* Offset for folder ID of the parent directory of the directory inode */
    kHFSAliasParentIDOffset      = 0x132,

    /* Offset for folder ID of the directory inode */
    kHFSAliasTargetIDOffset         = 0x176,
};

/* Directory hard links are visible as aliases on pre-Leopard systems and
 * as normal directories on Leopard or later.  All directory hard link aliases
 * have the same resource fork content except for the three uniquely
 * identifying values that are updated in the resource fork data when the alias
 * is created.  The following array is the constant resource fork data used
 * only for creating directory hard link aliases.
 */
static const char hfs_dirlink_alias_rsrc[] = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x2b,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x73,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/* State information for the getdirentries_callback function. */
struct packdirentry_state {
    int            cbs_flags;        /* VNODE_READDIR_* flags */
    u_int32_t      cbs_parentID;
    u_int32_t      cbs_index;
    ReadDirBuff_t  cbs_psReadDirBuffer;
    ExtendedVCB *  cbs_hfsmp;
    int            cbs_result;
    int32_t        cbs_nlinks;
    int32_t        cbs_maxlinks;
    linkinfo_t *   cbs_linkinfo;
    struct cat_desc * cbs_desc;
    u_int8_t        * cbs_namebuf;
    /*
     * The following fields are only used for NFS readdir, which
     * uses the next file id as the seek offset of each entry.
     */
    UVFSDirEntry * cbs_direntry;
    UVFSDirEntry * cbs_prevdirentry;
    UVFSDirEntry * cbs_lastinsertedentry;
    u_int32_t      cbs_previlinkref;
    Boolean        cbs_hasprevdirentry;
    Boolean        cbs_haslastinsertedentry;
    Boolean        cbs_eof;
};

struct position_state {
    int        error;
    u_int32_t  count;
    u_int32_t  index;
    u_int32_t  parentID;
    struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
};
/* Initialize the HFS ID hash table */
void
hfs_idhash_init (struct hfsmount *hfsmp) {
    /* secured by catalog lock so no lock init needed */
    hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl = hashinit(HFS_IDHASH_DEFAULT, &hfsmp->hfs_idhash);
}

/* Free the HFS ID hash table */
void
hfs_idhash_destroy (struct hfsmount *hfsmp) {
    /* during failed mounts & unmounts */
    hashDeinit(hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl);
}

/*
 * Compare two HFS+ catalog keys
 *
 * Result: +n  search key > trial key
 *          0  search key = trial key
 *         -n  search key < trial key
 */
int
CompareExtendedCatalogKeys(HFSPlusCatalogKey *searchKey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *trialKey)
{
    cnid_t searchParentID, trialParentID;
    int result;

    searchParentID = searchKey->parentID;
    trialParentID = trialKey->parentID;

    if (searchParentID > trialParentID) {
        result = 1;
    }
    else if (searchParentID < trialParentID) {
        result = -1;
    } else {
        /* parent node ID's are equal, compare names */
        if ( searchKey->nodeName.length == 0 || trialKey->nodeName.length == 0 )
            result = searchKey->nodeName.length - trialKey->nodeName.length;
        else
            result = FastUnicodeCompare(&searchKey->nodeName.unicode[0],
                                        searchKey->nodeName.length,
                                        &trialKey->nodeName.unicode[0],
                                        trialKey->nodeName.length);
    }

    return result;
}

/*
 * cat_binarykeycompare - compare two HFS Plus catalog keys.

 * The name portion of the key is compared using a 16-bit binary comparison.
 * This is called from the b-tree code.
 */
int
cat_binarykeycompare(HFSPlusCatalogKey *searchKey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *trialKey)
{
    u_int32_t searchParentID, trialParentID;
    int result;

    searchParentID = searchKey->parentID;
    trialParentID = trialKey->parentID;
    result = 0;

    if (searchParentID > trialParentID) {
        ++result;
    } else if (searchParentID < trialParentID) {
        --result;
    } else {
        u_int16_t * str1 = &searchKey->nodeName.unicode[0];
        u_int16_t * str2 = &trialKey->nodeName.unicode[0];
        int length1 = searchKey->nodeName.length;
        int length2 = trialKey->nodeName.length;

        result = UnicodeBinaryCompare (str1, length1, str2, length2);
    }

    return result;
}

/*
 * cat_releasedesc
 */
void
cat_releasedesc(struct cat_desc *descp)
{
    if (descp == NULL)
        return;

    if ((descp->cd_flags & CD_HASBUF) && (descp->cd_nameptr != NULL)) {
        hfs_free( (void*)descp->cd_nameptr );
    }
    descp->cd_nameptr = NULL;
    descp->cd_namelen = 0;
    descp->cd_flags &= ~CD_HASBUF;
}

/*
 * Extract the CNID from a catalog node record.
 */
static cnid_t
getcnid(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
    cnid_t cnid = 0;

    switch (crp->recordType) {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
            cnid = crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID;
            break;
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
            cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
            break;
        default:
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "getcnid: unknown recordType=%d\n", crp->recordType);
            break;
    }

    return (cnid);
}

/*
 * Extract the text encoding from a catalog node record.
 */
static u_int32_t
getencoding(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
    u_int32_t encoding;

    if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord)
        encoding = crp->hfsPlusFolder.textEncoding;
    else if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)
        encoding = crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding;
    else
        encoding = 0;

    return (encoding);
}

/*
 * getbsdattr - get attributes in bsd format
 *
 */
static void
getbsdattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp, struct cat_attr * attrp)
{
    int isDirectory = (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord);
    const struct HFSPlusBSDInfo *bsd = &crp->bsdInfo;

    attrp->ca_recflags = crp->flags;
    attrp->ca_atime = to_bsd_time(crp->accessDate);
    attrp->ca_atimeondisk = attrp->ca_atime;
    attrp->ca_mtime = to_bsd_time(crp->contentModDate);
    attrp->ca_ctime = to_bsd_time(crp->attributeModDate);
    attrp->ca_itime = to_bsd_time(crp->createDate);
    attrp->ca_btime = to_bsd_time(crp->backupDate);

    if ((bsd->fileMode & S_IFMT) == 0) {
        attrp->ca_flags = 0;
        attrp->ca_uid = hfsmp->hfs_uid;
        attrp->ca_gid = hfsmp->hfs_gid;
        if (isDirectory) {
            attrp->ca_mode = S_IFDIR | (hfsmp->hfs_dir_mask & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO));
        } else {
            attrp->ca_mode = S_IFREG | (hfsmp->hfs_file_mask & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO));
        }
        attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;
        attrp->ca_rdev = 0;
    } else {
        attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;  /* may be overridden below */
        attrp->ca_rdev = 0;
        attrp->ca_uid = bsd->ownerID;
        attrp->ca_gid = bsd->groupID;
        attrp->ca_flags = bsd->ownerFlags | (bsd->adminFlags << 16);
        attrp->ca_mode = (mode_t)bsd->fileMode;
        switch (attrp->ca_mode & S_IFMT) {
            case S_IFCHR: /* fall through */
            case S_IFBLK:
                attrp->ca_rdev = bsd->special.rawDevice;
                break;
            case S_IFIFO:
            case S_IFSOCK:
            case S_IFDIR:
            case S_IFREG:
                /* Pick up the hard link count */
                if (bsd->special.linkCount > 0)
                    attrp->ca_linkcount = bsd->special.linkCount;
                break;
        }

        /*
         *  Override the permissions as determined by the mount auguments
         *  in ALMOST the same way unset permissions are treated but keep
         *  track of whether or not the file or folder is hfs locked
         *  by leaving the h_pflags field unchanged from what was unpacked
         *  out of the catalog.
         */
        /*
         * This code was used to do UID translation with MNT_IGNORE_OWNERS
         * (aka MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) at the HFS layer.  It's largely done
         * at the VFS layer, so there is no need to do it here now; this also
         * allows VFS to let root see the real UIDs.
         *
         * if (((unsigned int)vfs_flags(HFSTOVFS(hfsmp))) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) {
         *     attrp->ca_uid = hfsmp->hfs_uid;
         *     attrp->ca_gid = hfsmp->hfs_gid;
         * }
         */
    }

    if (isDirectory) {
        if (!S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode)) {
            attrp->ca_mode &= ~S_IFMT;
            attrp->ca_mode |= S_IFDIR;
        }
        attrp->ca_entries = ((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->valence;
        attrp->ca_dircount = ((hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_FOLDERCOUNT) && (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasFolderCountMask)) ?
        ((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->folderCount : 0;

        /* Keep UF_HIDDEN bit in sync with Finder Info's invisible bit */
        if (((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->userInfo.frFlags & OSSwapHostToBigConstInt16(kFinderInvisibleMask))
            attrp->ca_flags |= UF_HIDDEN;
    } else {
        /* Keep IMMUTABLE bits in sync with HFS locked flag */
        if (crp->flags & kHFSFileLockedMask) {
            /* The file's supposed to be locked:
             Make sure at least one of the IMMUTABLE bits is set: */
            if ((attrp->ca_flags & (SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE)) == 0)
                attrp->ca_flags |= UF_IMMUTABLE;
        } else {
            /* The file's supposed to be unlocked: */
            attrp->ca_flags &= ~(SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE);
        }
        /* Keep UF_HIDDEN bit in sync with Finder Info's invisible bit */
        if (crp->userInfo.fdFlags & OSSwapHostToBigConstInt16(kFinderInvisibleMask))
            attrp->ca_flags |= UF_HIDDEN;
        /* get total blocks (both forks) */
        attrp->ca_blocks = crp->dataFork.totalBlocks + crp->resourceFork.totalBlocks;

        /* On HFS+ the ThreadExists flag must always be set. */
        attrp->ca_recflags |= kHFSThreadExistsMask;

        /* Pick up the hardlink first link, if any. */
        attrp->ca_firstlink = (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) ? crp->hl_firstLinkID : 0;
    }

    attrp->ca_fileid = crp->fileID;

    bcopy(&crp->userInfo, attrp->ca_finderinfo, 32);
}

/*
 * builddesc - build a cnode descriptor from an HFS+ key
 */
static int
builddesc(const HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, cnid_t cnid, u_int32_t hint, u_int32_t encoding,
          int isdir, struct cat_desc *descp)
{
    int result = 0;
    unsigned char * nameptr;
    size_t bufsize;
    size_t utf8len;
    
    /* guess a size... */
    bufsize = (3 * key->nodeName.length) + 1;
    nameptr = hfs_malloc(bufsize);
    if (nameptr == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;

    memset(nameptr,0,bufsize);
    result = utf8_encodestr(key->nodeName.unicode,
                            key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                            nameptr, (size_t *)&utf8len,
                            bufsize, ':', UTF_ADD_NULL_TERM);
    
    if (result == ENAMETOOLONG) {
        hfs_free(nameptr);
        bufsize = 1 + utf8_encodelen(key->nodeName.unicode,
                                     key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                     ':', UTF_ADD_NULL_TERM);
        nameptr = hfs_malloc(bufsize);
        
        result = utf8_encodestr(key->nodeName.unicode,
                                key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                nameptr, (size_t *)&utf8len,
                                bufsize, ':', UTF_ADD_NULL_TERM);
    }
    descp->cd_parentcnid = key->parentID;
    descp->cd_nameptr = nameptr;
    descp->cd_namelen = utf8len;
    descp->cd_cnid = cnid;
    descp->cd_hint = hint;
    descp->cd_flags = CD_DECOMPOSED | CD_HASBUF;
    if (isdir)
        descp->cd_flags |= CD_ISDIR;
    descp->cd_encoding = encoding;
    return result;
}

/*
 * cat_lookupbykey - lookup a catalog node using a cnode key
 */
static int
cat_lookupbykey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, CatalogKey *keyp, int flags, u_int32_t hint, int wantrsrc,
                struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp, cnid_t *desc_cnid)
{
    BTreeIterator * iterator = NULL;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata = {0};
    CatalogRecord * recp = NULL;
    u_int16_t  datasize = 0;
    int result = 0;
    u_int32_t ilink = 0;
    cnid_t cnid = 0;
    u_int32_t encoding = 0;
    cnid_t parentid = 0;

    recp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    iterator->hint.nodeNum = hint;
    bcopy(keyp, &iterator->key, sizeof(CatalogKey));

    FCB  *filePtr = VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum);
    result = BTSearchRecord(filePtr, iterator,
                            &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Save the cnid, parentid, and encoding now in case there's a hard link or inode */
    cnid = getcnid(recp);
    if (cnid == 0) {
        /* CNID of 0 is invalid.  Mark as corrupt */
        hfs_mark_inconsistent (hfsmp, HFS_INCONSISTENCY_DETECTED);
        result = EINVAL;
        goto exit;
    }

    parentid = keyp->hfsPlus.parentID;

    encoding = getencoding(recp);
    hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;

    /* Hide the journal files (if any) */
    if ( IsEntryAJnlFile(hfsmp, cnid) && !(flags & HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE))
    {
        result = HFS_ERESERVEDNAME;
        goto exit;
    }

    /*
     * When a hardlink link is encountered, auto resolve it.
     *
     * The catalog record will change, and possibly its type.
     */
    if ( (attrp || forkp)
        && (recp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)
        && ((to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.createDate) == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) ||
            (to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.createDate) == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate))) {

            int isdirlink = 0;
            int isfilelink = 0;

            if ((SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
                (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator)) {
                isfilelink = 1;
            } else if ((recp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&
                       (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
                       (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator)) {
                isdirlink = 1;
            }
            if ((isfilelink || isdirlink) && !(flags & HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK)) {
                ilink = recp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference;
                (void) cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, ilink, isdirlink, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp);
            }
        }

    if (attrp != NULL) {
        getbsdattr(hfsmp, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp, attrp);
        if (ilink) {
            /* Update the inode number for this hard link */
            attrp->ca_linkref = ilink;
        }

        /*
         * Set kHFSHasLinkChainBit for hard links, and reset it for all
         * other items.  Also set linkCount to 1 for regular files.
         *
         * Due to some bug (rdar://8505977), some regular files can have
         * kHFSHasLinkChainBit set and linkCount more than 1 even if they
         * are not really hard links.  The runtime code should not consider
         * these files has hard links.  Therefore we reset the kHFSHasLinkChainBit
         * and linkCount for regular file before we vend it out.  This might
         * also result in repairing the bad files on disk, if the corresponding
         * file is modified and updated on disk.
         */
        if (ilink)
        {
            /* This is a hard link and the link count bit was not set */
            if (!(attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask))
            {
                LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_DEBUG, "cat_lookupbykey: set hardlink bit on vol=%s cnid=%u inoid=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid, ilink);
                attrp->ca_recflags |= kHFSHasLinkChainMask;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /* Make sure that this non-hard link (regular) record is not
             * an inode record that was looked up and we do not end up
             * reseting the hard link bit on it.
             */
            if ((parentid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) &&
                (parentid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid))
            {
                /* This is not a hard link or inode and the link count bit was set */
                if (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)
                {
                    LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_DEBUG, "cat_lookupbykey: clear hardlink bit on vol=%s cnid=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid);
                    attrp->ca_recflags &= ~kHFSHasLinkChainMask;
                }
                /* This is a regular file and the link count was more than 1 */
                if (S_ISREG(attrp->ca_mode) && (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1))
                {
                    LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_DEBUG, "cat_lookupbykey:  set linkcount=1 on vol=%s cnid=%u old=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid, attrp->ca_linkcount);
                    attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (forkp != NULL) {
        if (isadir(recp)) {
            bzero(forkp, sizeof(*forkp));
        }
        else if (wantrsrc) {
            /* Convert the resource fork. */
            forkp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
            forkp->cf_new_size = 0;
            forkp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
            forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;

            forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
            bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.extents[0],
                  &forkp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
        } else {
            int i;
            u_int32_t validblks;

            /* Convert the data fork. */
            forkp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
            forkp->cf_new_size = 0;
            forkp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
            forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;
            forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
            bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.extents[0],
                  &forkp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));

            /* Validate the fork's resident extents. */
            validblks = 0;
            for (i = 0; i < kHFSPlusExtentDensity; ++i) {
                if (forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock + forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount >= hfsmp->totalBlocks) {
                    /* Suppress any bad extents so a remove can succeed. */
                    forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock = 0;
                    forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount = 0;
                    /* Disable writes */
                    if (attrp != NULL) {
                        attrp->ca_mode &= S_IFMT | S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
                    }
                } else {
                    validblks += forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount;
                }
            }
            /* Adjust for any missing blocks. */
            if ((validblks < forkp->cf_blocks) && (forkp->cf_extents[7].blockCount == 0)) {
                off_t psize;

                /*
                 * This is technically a volume corruption.
                 * If the total number of blocks calculated by iterating + summing
                 * the extents in the resident extent records, is less than that
                 * which is reported in the catalog entry, we should force a fsck.
                 * Only modifying ca_blocks here is not guaranteed to make it out
                 * to disk; it is a runtime-only field.
                 *
                 * Note that we could have gotten into this state if we had invalid ranges
                 * that existed in borrowed blocks that somehow made it out to disk.
                 * The cnode's on disk block count should never be greater
                 * than that which is in its extent records.
                 */

                (void) hfs_mark_inconsistent (hfsmp, HFS_INCONSISTENCY_DETECTED);

                forkp->cf_blocks = validblks;
                if (attrp != NULL) {
                    attrp->ca_blocks = validblks + recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
                }
                psize = (off_t)validblks * (off_t)hfsmp->blockSize;
                if (psize < forkp->cf_size) {
                    forkp->cf_size = psize;
                }

            }
        }
    }
    if (descp != NULL) {
        HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;
        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
        builddesc(pluskey, cnid, hint, encoding, isadir(recp), descp);

    }

    if (desc_cnid != NULL) {
        *desc_cnid = cnid;
    }
exit:
    hfs_free(iterator);
    hfs_free(recp);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * Determine if a catalog node record is a directory.
 */
static int
isadir(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
    if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

static int
buildthread(void *keyp, void *recp, int directory)
{
    int size = 0;

    HFSPlusCatalogKey *key = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp;
    HFSPlusCatalogThread *rec = (HFSPlusCatalogThread *)recp;

    size = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogThread);
    if (directory)
        rec->recordType = kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord;
    else
        rec->recordType = kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord;
    rec->reserved = 0;
    rec->parentID = key->parentID;
    bcopy(&key->nodeName, &rec->nodeName,
          sizeof(UniChar) * (key->nodeName.length + 1));

    /* HFS Plus has variable sized thread records */
    size -= (sizeof(rec->nodeName.unicode) -
             (rec->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar)));

    return (size);
}

/*
 * Build a catalog node thread key.
 */
static void
buildthreadkey(HFSCatalogNodeID parentID, CatalogKey *key)
{
    key->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength;
    key->hfsPlus.parentID = parentID;
    key->hfsPlus.nodeName.length = 0;
}

/*
 * cat_findname - obtain a descriptor from cnid
 *
 * Only a thread lookup is performed.
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).

 */
int
cat_findname(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, struct cat_desc *outdescp)
{
    BTreeIterator *iterator = NULL;
    CatalogRecord * recp = NULL;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    CatalogKey * keyp;

    int isdir = 0;
    int result;

    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
    {
        result = ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }

    buildthreadkey(cnid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
    iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;

    recp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    if (recp == NULL)
    {
        result = ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }
    memset(recp,0,sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_vp), iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place). */
    switch (recp->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
            isdir = 1;
            /* fall through */
        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
            keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;
            keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
            (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
            break;
        default:
            result = ENOENT;
            goto exit;
    }


    builddesc((HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp, cnid, 0, 0, isdir, outdescp);

exit:
    if (recp)
        hfs_free(recp);
    if (iterator)
        hfs_free(iterator);

    return result;
}

bool IsEntryAJnlFile(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t  cnid)
{
    return (((hfsmp->jnl || ((HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbAtrb & kHFSVolumeJournaledMask) && (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_READ_ONLY)))) &&
            ((cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid) || (cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid)));
}

static bool IsEntryADirectoryLink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const CatalogRecord *crp,time_t itime)
{
    return ((SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator) &&
            (crp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&
            (crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum >= kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID) &&
            ((itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) || (itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate)));
}

static bool IsEntryAHardLink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const CatalogRecord *crp,time_t itime)
{
    return((SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) && (SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator) &&
          ((itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) || (itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate)));
}

/*
 * getdirentries callback for HFS Plus directories.
 */
static int
getdirentries_callback(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp,  struct packdirentry_state *state)
{

    UVFSDirEntry* entry = NULL;
    const CatalogName *cnp;
    OSErr result;

    u_int32_t ilinkref = 0;
    u_int32_t curlinkref = 0;
    cnid_t  cnid;
    u_int8_t type = 0;
    time_t itime;

    caddr_t uiobase = NULL;
    size_t namelen = 0;
    size_t maxnamelen;
    size_t uiosize = 0;
    caddr_t uioaddr;

    Boolean bIsLastRecordInDir = false;
    Boolean bToHide     = false;
    Boolean bIsLink     = false;
    Boolean bIsMangled  = false;

    struct hfsmount *hfsmp = state->cbs_hfsmp;
    cnid_t curID = ckp->hfsPlus.parentID;

    /* We're done when parent directory changes */
    if (state->cbs_parentID != curID)
    {
        /*
         * If the parent ID is different from curID this means we've hit
         * the EOF for the directory.  To help future callers, we mark
         * the cbs_eof boolean.  However, we should only mark the EOF
         * boolean if we're about to return from this function.
         *
         * This is because this callback function does its own uiomove
         * to get the data to userspace.  If we set the boolean before determining
         * whether or not the current entry has enough room to write its
         * data to userland, we could fool the callers of this catalog function
         * into thinking they've hit EOF earlier than they really would have.
         * In that case, we'd know that we have more entries to process and
         * send to userland, but we didn't have enough room.
         *
         * To be safe, we mark cbs_eof here ONLY for the cases where we know we're
         * about to return and won't write any new data back
         * to userland.  In the stop_after_pack case, we'll set this boolean
         * regardless, so it's slightly safer to let that logic mark the boolean,
         * especially since it's closer to the return of this function.
         */


        /* The last record has not been returned yet, so we
         * want to stop after packing the last item
         */
        if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry)
        {
            bIsLastRecordInDir = true;
        }
        else
        {
            state->cbs_eof = true;
            state->cbs_result = ENOENT;
            return (0);    /* stop */
        }

    }

    entry = state->cbs_direntry;
    u_int8_t* nameptr = (u_int8_t *)&entry->de_name;
    if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_NAMEMAX)
    {
        /*
         * The NFS server sometimes needs to make filenames fit in
         * NAME_MAX bytes (since its client may not be able to
         * handle a longer name).  In that case, NFS will ask us
         * to mangle the name to keep it short enough.
         */
        maxnamelen = NAME_MAX + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        maxnamelen = UVFS_DIRENTRY_RECLEN(MAX_UTF8_NAME_LENGTH);
    }

    if (bIsLastRecordInDir)
    {
        /* The last item returns a non-zero invalid cookie */
        cnid = INT_MAX;
    }
    else
    {
        if (crp == NULL)
            return (0);
        
        switch(crp->recordType)
        {
            case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
                type = UVFS_FA_TYPE_DIR;
                cnid = crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID;
                /* Hide our private system directories. */
                if (curID == kHFSRootFolderID)
                {
                    if (cnid == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid || cnid == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)
                    {
                        bToHide = true;
                    }
                }
                break;
            case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
                itime = to_bsd_time(crp->hfsPlusFile.createDate);
                type = MODE_TO_TYPE(crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.fileMode);
                cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
                /*
                 * When a hardlink link is encountered save its link ref.
                 */
                if (IsEntryAHardLink(hfsmp, crp, itime))
                {
                    /* If link ref is inode's file id then use it directly. */
                    if (crp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)
                    {
                        cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ilinkref = crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
                    }
                    bIsLink =1;
                }
                else if (IsEntryADirectoryLink(hfsmp, crp,itime))
                {
                   /* A directory's link resolves to a directory. */
                   type = UVFS_FA_TYPE_DIR;
                   /* A directory's link ref is always inode's file id. */
                   cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
                   bIsLink = true;
                }

                /* Hide the journal files */
                if ((curID == kHFSRootFolderID) && IsEntryAJnlFile(hfsmp, cnid))
                {
                        bToHide = 1;
                }
                break;

            default:
                return (0);    /* stop */
        };

        cnp = (const CatalogName*) &ckp->hfsPlus.nodeName;

        namelen = cnp->ustr.length;
        /*
         * For MacRoman encoded names (textEncoding == 0), assume that it's ascii
         * and convert it directly in an attempt to avoid the more
         * expensive utf8_encodestr conversion.
         */
        if ((namelen < maxnamelen) && (crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding == 0)) {
            int i;
            u_int16_t ch;
            const u_int16_t *chp;

            chp = &cnp->ustr.unicode[0];
            for (i = 0; i < (int)namelen; ++i) {
                ch = *chp++;
                if (ch > 0x007f || ch == 0x0000) {
                    /* Perform expensive utf8_encodestr conversion */
                    goto encodestr;
                }
                nameptr[i] = (ch == '/') ? ':' : (u_int8_t)ch;
            }
            nameptr[namelen] = '\0';
            result = 0;
        }
        else
        {
encodestr:
            result = utf8_encodestr(cnp->ustr.unicode, namelen * sizeof(UniChar), nameptr, &namelen, maxnamelen, ':', UTF_ADD_NULL_TERM);
        }

        /* Check result returned from encoding the filename to utf8 */
        if (result == ENAMETOOLONG)
        {
            /*
             * If we were looking at a catalog record for a hardlink (not the inode),
             * then we want to use its link ID as opposed to the inode ID for
             * a mangled name.  For all other cases, they are the same.  Note that
             * due to the way directory hardlinks are implemented, the actual link
             * is going to be counted as a file record, so we can catch both
             * with is_link.
             */
            cnid_t linkid = cnid;
            if (bIsLink)
            {
                linkid =  crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
            }

            result = ConvertUnicodeToUTF8Mangled(cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar), cnp->ustr.unicode, maxnamelen, (ByteCount*)&namelen, nameptr, linkid);
            if (result) return (0);    /* stop */
            bIsMangled = 1;
        }
    }

    /*
     * The index is 1 relative and includes "." and ".."
     *
     * Also stuff the cnid in the upper 32 bits of the cookie.
     * The cookie is stored to the previous entry, which will
     * be packed and copied this time
     */
    state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_nextcookie = (state->cbs_index + 3) | ((u_int64_t)cnid << 32);
    uiosize = state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_reclen;

    //Check if this will be the last entry to be inserted in the buffer
    //If this is the last entry need to change the d_reclen to 0.
    //If this is the last file in the dir, need to change the d_seekoff to UVFS_DIRCOOKIE_EOF
    if ((UVFS_DIRENTRY_RECLEN(namelen) + uiosize) > state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->uBufferResid)
    {
        state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_reclen = 0;
    }

    if (bIsLastRecordInDir)
    {
        state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_reclen = 0;
        state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_nextcookie = UVFS_DIRCOOKIE_EOF;
    }

    uioaddr = (caddr_t) state->cbs_prevdirentry;

    /* Save current base address for post processing of hard-links. */
    if (ilinkref || state->cbs_previlinkref)
    {
        uiobase = uioaddr;
    }

    /* If this entry won't fit then we're done */
    if ((uiosize > (user_size_t)state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->uBufferResid) || (ilinkref != 0 && state->cbs_nlinks == state->cbs_maxlinks))
    {
        return (0);    /* stop */
    }

    if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry)
    {
        // Skip entries marked as "bToHide" on the previous iteration!
        if (state->cbs_prevdirentry->de_fileid != 0)
        {
            memcpy(state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->pvBuffer + READDIR_BUF_OFFSET(state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer), uioaddr, uiosize);
            state->cbs_lastinsertedentry = state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->pvBuffer + READDIR_BUF_OFFSET(state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer);
            state->cbs_haslastinsertedentry = true;
            state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->uBufferResid -= uiosize;
        }
        else if (state->cbs_haslastinsertedentry && bIsLastRecordInDir)
        {
            state->cbs_lastinsertedentry->de_reclen = 0;
            state->cbs_lastinsertedentry->de_nextcookie = UVFS_DIRCOOKIE_EOF;
        }

        ++state->cbs_index;

        /* Remember previous entry */
        state->cbs_desc->cd_cnid = cnid;
        if (type == UVFS_FA_TYPE_DIR)
        {
            state->cbs_desc->cd_flags |= CD_ISDIR;
        }
        else
        {
            state->cbs_desc->cd_flags &= ~CD_ISDIR;
        }
        
        if (state->cbs_desc->cd_nameptr != NULL)
        {
            state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = 0;
        }

        if (!bIsMangled)
        {
            state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = namelen;
            bcopy(nameptr, state->cbs_namebuf, namelen + 1);
        }
        else
        {
            /* Store unmangled name for the directory hint else it will
             * restart readdir at the last location again
             */
            u_int8_t *new_nameptr;
            size_t bufsize;
            size_t tmp_namelen = 0;

            cnp = (const CatalogName *)&ckp->hfsPlus.nodeName;
            bufsize = 1 + utf8_encodelen(cnp->ustr.unicode, cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar), ':', 0);
            new_nameptr = hfs_mallocz(bufsize);
            result = utf8_encodestr(cnp->ustr.unicode, cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar), new_nameptr, &tmp_namelen, bufsize, ':', UTF_ADD_NULL_TERM);
            if (result)
            {
                hfs_free(new_nameptr);
                return (0);    /* stop */
            }


            state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = tmp_namelen;
            bcopy(new_nameptr, state->cbs_namebuf, tmp_namelen + 1);

            hfs_free(new_nameptr);
        }

        if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry)
        {
            curlinkref = ilinkref;               /* save current */
            ilinkref = state->cbs_previlinkref;  /* use previous */
        }
        /*
         * Record any hard links for post processing.
         */
        if ((ilinkref != 0) && (state->cbs_result == 0) && (state->cbs_nlinks < state->cbs_maxlinks))
        {
            state->cbs_linkinfo[state->cbs_nlinks].dirent_addr = uiobase;
            state->cbs_linkinfo[state->cbs_nlinks].link_ref = ilinkref;
            state->cbs_nlinks++;
        }

        if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry)
        {
            ilinkref = curlinkref;   /* restore current */
        }
    }

    /* Fill the direntry to be used the next time */
    if (bIsLastRecordInDir)
    {
        state->cbs_eof = true;
        return (0);    /* stop */
    }

    entry->de_filetype = type;
    entry->de_namelen = namelen;
    entry->de_reclen = UVFS_DIRENTRY_RECLEN(namelen);
    entry->de_fileid = bToHide ? 0 : cnid;

    /* swap the current and previous entry */
    UVFSDirEntry* tmp = state->cbs_direntry;
    state->cbs_direntry = state->cbs_prevdirentry;
    state->cbs_prevdirentry = tmp;
    state->cbs_hasprevdirentry = true;
    state->cbs_previlinkref = ilinkref;

    /* Continue iteration if there's room */
    return (state->cbs_result == 0  && state->cbs_psReadDirBuffer->uBufferResid >= SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE);
}

/*
 * Callback to establish directory position.
 * Called with position_state for each item in a directory.
 */
static int
cat_findposition(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp, struct position_state *state)
{
    cnid_t curID = 0;
    curID = ckp->hfsPlus.parentID;

    /* Make sure parent directory didn't change */
    if (state->parentID != curID) {
        /*
         * The parent ID is different from curID this means we've hit
         * the EOF for the directory.
         */
        state->error = ENOENT;
        return (0);  /* stop */
    }

    /* Count this entry */
    switch(crp->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
            ++state->count;
            break;
        default:
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_findposition: invalid record type %d in dir %d\n", crp->recordType, curID);
            state->error = EINVAL;
            return (0);  /* stop */
    };

    return (state->count < state->index);
}

/*
 * Pack a uio buffer with directory entries from the catalog
 */
int
cat_getdirentries(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t entrycnt, directoryhint_t *dirhint, ReadDirBuff_s* psReadDirBuffer, int flags, int *items, bool *eofflag, UVFSDirEntry* psDotDotEntry)
{
    FCB* fcb;
    BTreeIterator * iterator = NULL;
    CatalogKey * key;
    struct packdirentry_state state;
    int result = 0;
    int index;
    int have_key;
    int extended;
    
    extended = flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED;

    fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
    
    #define MAX_LINKINFO_ENTRIES 275
    /*
     * Get a buffer for link info array, btree iterator and a direntry.
     *
     * We impose an cap of 275 link entries when trying to compute
     * the total number of hardlink entries that we'll allow in the
     * linkinfo array, as this has been shown to noticeably impact performance.
     *
     * Note that in the case where there are very few hardlinks,
     * this does not restrict or prevent us from vending out as many entries
     * as we can to the uio_resid, because the getdirentries callback
     * uiomoves the directory entries to the uio itself and does not use
     * this MALLOC'd array. It also limits itself to maxlinks of hardlinks.
     */
    
    // This value cannot underflow: both entrycnt and the rhs are unsigned 32-bit
    // ints, so the worst-case MIN of them is 0.
    int maxlinks = min (entrycnt, (u_int32_t)(psReadDirBuffer->uBufferResid / SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE));
    // Prevent overflow.
    maxlinks = MIN (maxlinks, MAX_LINKINFO_ENTRIES);
    int bufsize = MAXPATHLEN + (maxlinks * sizeof(linkinfo_t)) + sizeof(*iterator);
    
    if (extended)
    {
        bufsize += 2 * (sizeof(UVFSDirEntry) + sizeof(char)*MAX_UTF8_NAME_LENGTH);
    }
    void* buffer = hfs_mallocz(bufsize);
    
    state.cbs_flags = flags;
    state.cbs_hasprevdirentry = false;
    state.cbs_haslastinsertedentry = (psDotDotEntry != NULL);
    state.cbs_lastinsertedentry = psDotDotEntry;
    state.cbs_previlinkref = 0;
    state.cbs_nlinks = 0;
    state.cbs_maxlinks = maxlinks;
    state.cbs_linkinfo = (linkinfo_t *)((char *)buffer + MAXPATHLEN);
    /*
     * We need to set cbs_eof to false regardless of whether or not the
     * control flow is actually in the extended case, since we use this
     * field to track whether or not we've returned EOF from the iterator function.
     */
    state.cbs_eof = false;
    
    iterator = (BTreeIterator *) ((char *)state.cbs_linkinfo + (maxlinks * sizeof(linkinfo_t)));
    key = (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
    have_key = 0;
    index = dirhint->dh_index + 1;
    if (extended)
    {
        state.cbs_direntry = (UVFSDirEntry *)((char *)iterator + sizeof(BTreeIterator));
        state.cbs_prevdirentry = (UVFSDirEntry *) ((uint8_t*) state.cbs_direntry + sizeof(UVFSDirEntry) + sizeof(char)*MAX_UTF8_NAME_LENGTH);
    }
    /*
     * Attempt to build a key from cached filename
     */
    if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen != 0)
    {
        if (buildkey(&dirhint->dh_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key) == 0)
        {
            iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint;
            have_key = 1;
        }
    }
    
    if (index == 0 && dirhint->dh_threadhint != 0)
    {
        /*
         * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
         * (i.e. just before the first entry)
         */
        buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, key);
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_threadhint;
        iterator->hint.index = 0;
        have_key = 1;
    }
    
    /*
     * If the last entry wasn't cached then position the btree iterator
     */
    if (!have_key)
    {
        /*
         * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
         * (i.e. just before the first entry)
         */
        buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, key);
        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, NULL, NULL, iterator);
        if (result)
        {
            result = MacToVFSError(result);
            goto cleanup;
        }
        if (index == 0)
        {
            dirhint->dh_threadhint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;
        }
        /*
         * Iterate until we reach the entry just
         * before the one we want to start with.
         */
        if (index > 0)
        {
            struct position_state ps;
            
            ps.error = 0;
            ps.count = 0;
            ps.index = index;
            ps.parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;
            ps.hfsmp = hfsmp;
            
            result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator, (IterateCallBackProcPtr)cat_findposition, &ps);
            if (ps.error)
                result = ps.error;
            else
                result = MacToVFSError(result);
            if (result) {
                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                if (result == ENOENT) {
                    /*
                     * ENOENT means we've hit the EOF.
                     * suppress the error, and set the eof flag.
                     */
                    result = 0;
                    dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_EOF;
                    *eofflag = true;
                }
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }
    }
    
    state.cbs_index = index;
    state.cbs_hfsmp = hfsmp;
    state.cbs_psReadDirBuffer = psReadDirBuffer;
    state.cbs_desc = &dirhint->dh_desc;
    state.cbs_namebuf = (u_int8_t *)buffer;
    state.cbs_result = 0;
    state.cbs_parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;
    
    /* Use a temporary buffer to hold intermediate descriptor names. */
    if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen > 0 && dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr != NULL)
    {
        bcopy(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr, buffer, dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen+1);
        if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags & CD_HASBUF)
        {
            dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags &= ~CD_HASBUF;
            hfs_free((void*) dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr);
        }
    }
    dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = (u_int8_t *)buffer;
    
    enum BTreeIterationOperations op;
    if (extended && index != 0 && have_key)
        op = kBTreeCurrentRecord;
    else
        op = kBTreeNextRecord;

    /*
     * Process as many entries as possible starting at iterator->key.
     */
    result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, op, iterator, (IterateCallBackProcPtr)getdirentries_callback, &state);

    /* For extended calls, every call to getdirentries_callback()
     * transfers the previous directory entry found to the user
     * buffer.  Therefore when BTIterateRecords reaches the end of
     * Catalog BTree, call getdirentries_callback() again with
     * dummy values to copy the last directory entry stored in
     * packdirentry_state
     */
    if (extended && (result == fsBTRecordNotFoundErr))
    {
        CatalogKey ckp;
        bzero(&ckp, sizeof(ckp));
        result = getdirentries_callback(&ckp, NULL, &state);
    }

    /* Note that state.cbs_index is still valid on errors */
    *items = state.cbs_index - index;
    index = state.cbs_index;
    
    /*
     * Also note that cbs_eof is set in all cases if we ever hit EOF
     * during the enumeration by the catalog callback.  Mark the directory's hint
     * descriptor as having hit EOF.
     */
    if (state.cbs_eof)
    {
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_EOF;
        *eofflag = true;
    }

    //If we went out without any entries.
    //Need to check if the last updated entry is dotx2 and update accordingly.
    if (*items == 0 && psDotDotEntry!= NULL)
    {
        if (state.cbs_eof)
        {
           //This is an empty dir 
           psDotDotEntry->de_nextcookie = UVFS_DIRCOOKIE_EOF;
           psDotDotEntry->de_nextrec = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            //Buffer is too small to add more entries after ".." entry
            psDotDotEntry->de_nextrec = 0;
        }
    }

    /* Finish updating the catalog iterator. */
    dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;
    dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_DECOMPOSED;
    dirhint->dh_index = index - 1;
    
    /* Fix up the name. */
    if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen > 0)
    {
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = lf_hfs_utils_allocate_and_copy_string( (char *)buffer, dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen );
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_HASBUF;
    }
    else
    {
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = NULL;
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen = 0;
    }

    /*
     * Post process any hard links to get the real file id.
     */
    if (state.cbs_nlinks > 0)
    {
        ino_t fileid = 0;
        caddr_t address;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < state.cbs_nlinks; ++i)
        {
            if (resolvelinkid(hfsmp, state.cbs_linkinfo[i].link_ref, &fileid) != 0)
                continue;
            /* This assumes that d_ino is always first field. */
            address = state.cbs_linkinfo[i].dirent_addr;
            if (address == (user_addr_t)0)
                continue;

            if (extended)
            {
                ino64_t fileid_64 = (ino64_t)fileid;
                memcpy(&fileid_64, (void*) address, sizeof(fileid_64));
            }
            else
            {
                memcpy(&fileid, (void*) address, sizeof(fileid));
            }

        }
    }

    if (state.cbs_result)
        result = state.cbs_result;
    else
        result = MacToVFSError(result);

    if (result == ENOENT)
    {
        result = 0;
    }

cleanup:
    hfs_free(buffer);
    
    return (result);
}

/*
 * cat_idlookup - lookup a catalog node using a cnode id
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_idlookup(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, int allow_system_files, int wantrsrc,
             struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
    BTreeIterator * iterator = NULL;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata = {0};
    u_int16_t    datasize = 0;
    CatalogKey * keyp = NULL;
    CatalogRecord * recp = NULL;
    int result = 0;

    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
        return MacToVFSError(ENOMEM);
    
    buildthreadkey(cnid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

    recp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                            &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place) */
    switch (recp->recordType) {

        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
            keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;

            /* check for NULL name */
            if (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length == 0) {
                result = ENOENT;
                goto exit;
            }

            keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
            (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
            break;

        default:
            result = ENOENT;
            goto exit;
    }

    result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp,
                             ((allow_system_files != 0) ? HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE : 0),
                             0, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp, NULL);
    /* No corresponding file/folder record found for a thread record,
     * mark the volume inconsistent.
     */
    if (result == 0 && outdescp) {
        cnid_t dcnid = outdescp->cd_cnid;
        /*
         * Just for sanity's case, let's make sure that
         * the key in the thread matches the key in the record.
         */
        if (cnid != dcnid)
        {
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_idlookup: Requested cnid (%d / %08x) != dcnid (%d / %08x)\n", cnid, cnid, dcnid, dcnid);
            result = ENOENT;
        }
    }
exit:
    hfs_free(recp);
    hfs_free(iterator);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * buildkey - build a Catalog b-tree key from a cnode descriptor
 */
static int
buildkey(struct cat_desc *descp, HFSPlusCatalogKey *key)
{
    int utf8_flags = UTF_ESCAPE_ILLEGAL;
    int result = 0;
    size_t unicodeBytes = 0;

    if (descp->cd_namelen == 0 || descp->cd_nameptr[0] == '\0')
        return (EINVAL);  /* invalid name */
    
    key->parentID = descp->cd_parentcnid;
    key->nodeName.length = 0;
    /*
     * Convert filename from UTF-8 into Unicode
     */
    
    if ((descp->cd_flags & CD_DECOMPOSED) == 0)
    {
        utf8_flags |= UTF_DECOMPOSED;
    }
    result = utf8_decodestr(descp->cd_nameptr, descp->cd_namelen, key->nodeName.unicode, &unicodeBytes, sizeof(key->nodeName.unicode), ':', utf8_flags);
    key->nodeName.length = unicodeBytes / sizeof(UniChar);
    key->keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength + unicodeBytes;
    if (result)
    {
        if (result != ENAMETOOLONG)
            result = EINVAL;  /* name has invalid characters */
        return (result);
    }
    
    return (0);
}

/*
 * These Catalog functions allow access to the HFS Catalog (database).
 * The catalog b-tree lock must be acquired before calling any of these routines.
 */

/*
 * cat_lookup - lookup a catalog node using a cnode descriptor
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_lookup(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, int wantrsrc,
           struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
           struct cat_fork *forkp, cnid_t *desc_cnid)
{
    CatalogKey * keyp = NULL;
    int result;
    int flags = 0;
    
    keyp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogKey));
    if ( keyp == NULL )
    {
        result = ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }
    
    result = buildkey(descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp);
    if (result)
        goto exit;
    
    result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, flags, descp->cd_hint, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp, desc_cnid);
    
    if (result == ENOENT) {
        struct cat_desc temp_desc;
        if (outdescp == NULL) {
            bzero(&temp_desc, sizeof(temp_desc));
            outdescp = &temp_desc;
        }
        result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, descp, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp);
        if (desc_cnid) {
            *desc_cnid = outdescp->cd_cnid;
        }
        if (outdescp == &temp_desc) {
            /* Release the local copy of desc */
            cat_releasedesc(outdescp);
        }
    }
    
exit:
    hfs_free(keyp);
    
    return (result);
}

/*
 * cat_lookupmangled - lookup a catalog node using a mangled name
 */
int
cat_lookupmangled(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, int wantrsrc,
                  struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
    cnid_t fileID;
    u_int32_t prefixlen;
    int result;
    u_int8_t utf8[NAME_MAX + 1];
    ByteCount utf8len;
    u_int16_t unicode[kHFSPlusMaxFileNameChars + 1];
    size_t unicodelen;
    
    if (wantrsrc)
        return (ENOENT);
    
    fileID = GetEmbeddedFileID(descp->cd_nameptr, descp->cd_namelen, &prefixlen);
    if (fileID < (cnid_t)kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID)
        return (ENOENT);
    
    if (fileID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
        fileID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
        fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid ||
        fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid)
    {
        return (ENOENT);
    }
    
    result = cat_idlookup(hfsmp, fileID, 0, 0, outdescp, attrp, forkp);
    if (result)
        return (ENOENT);
    /* It must be in the correct directory */
    if (descp->cd_parentcnid != outdescp->cd_parentcnid)
        goto falsematch;
    
    /*
     * Compare the mangled version of file name looked up from the
     * disk with the mangled name provided by the user.  Note that
     * this comparison is case-sensitive, which should be fine
     * since we're trying to prevent user space from constructing
     * a mangled name that differs from the one they'd get from the
     * file system.
     */
    result = utf8_decodestr(outdescp->cd_nameptr, outdescp->cd_namelen,
                            unicode, &unicodelen, sizeof(unicode), ':', 0);
    if (result) {
        goto falsematch;
    }
    result = ConvertUnicodeToUTF8Mangled(unicodelen, unicode,
                                         sizeof(utf8), &utf8len, utf8, fileID);
    if ((result != 0) ||
        ((u_int16_t)descp->cd_namelen != utf8len) ||
        (bcmp(descp->cd_nameptr, utf8, utf8len) != 0)) {
        goto falsematch;
    }
    
    return (0);
    
falsematch:
    cat_releasedesc(outdescp);
    return (ENOENT);
}

/*
 * Callback to collect directory entries.
 * Called with readattr_state for each item in a directory.
 */
struct readattr_state {
    struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
    struct cat_entrylist *list;
    cnid_t    dir_cnid;
    int error;
    int reached_eof;
};

static int
getentriesattr_callback(const CatalogKey *key, const CatalogRecord *rec, struct readattr_state *state)
{
    struct cat_entrylist *list = state->list;
    struct hfsmount *hfsmp = state->hfsmp;
    struct cat_entry *cep;
    cnid_t parentcnid;

    if (list->realentries >= list->maxentries)
        return (0);  /* stop */

    parentcnid = key->hfsPlus.parentID;

    switch(rec->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
            if (parentcnid != state->dir_cnid)
            {
                state->error = btNotFound;
                state->reached_eof = 1;
                return (0);    /* stop */
            }
            break;
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
            list->skipentries++;
            if (parentcnid != state->dir_cnid)
            {
                state->error = btNotFound;
                state->reached_eof = 1;
                return (0);    /* stop */
            }
            else
                return (1);    /*continue */
            break;
        default:
            state->error = btNotFound;
            return (0);    /* stop */
    }

    /* Hide the private system directories and journal files */
    if (parentcnid == kHFSRootFolderID)
    {
        if (rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord)
        {
            if (rec->hfsPlusFolder.folderID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid || rec->hfsPlusFolder.folderID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)
            {
                list->skipentries++;
                return (1);    /* continue */
            }
        }
        
        if ((rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord) && IsEntryAJnlFile(hfsmp, rec->hfsPlusFile.fileID))
        {
            list->skipentries++;
            return (1);    /* continue */
        }
    }

    cep = &list->entry[list->realentries++];

    getbsdattr(hfsmp, (const struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)rec, &cep->ce_attr);
    builddesc((const HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key, getcnid(rec), 0, getencoding(rec),
              isadir(rec), &cep->ce_desc);

    if (rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)
    {
        cep->ce_datasize = rec->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
        cep->ce_datablks = rec->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
        cep->ce_rsrcsize = rec->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
        cep->ce_rsrcblks = rec->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;

        /* Save link reference for later processing. */
        if ((SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator))
        {
            cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref = rec->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
        }
        else if ((rec->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&
                   (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
                   (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator))
        {
            cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref = rec->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
        }
    }


    return (list->realentries < list->maxentries);
}

/*
 * Pack a cat_entrylist buffer with attributes from the catalog
 *
 * Note: index is zero relative
 */
int
cat_getentriesattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, directoryhint_t *dirhint, struct cat_entrylist *ce_list, int *reachedeof)
{
    FCB* fcb;
    CatalogKey * key;
    BTreeIterator * iterator = NULL;
    struct readattr_state state;
    cnid_t parentcnid;
    int i;
    int index;
    bool bHaveKey = false;
    int result = 0;
    int reached_eof = 0;

    ce_list->realentries = 0;

    fcb = GetFileControlBlock(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum);
    parentcnid = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;

    bzero (&state, sizeof(struct readattr_state));

    state.hfsmp = hfsmp;
    state.list = ce_list;
    state.dir_cnid = parentcnid;
    state.error = 0;

    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    key = (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
    iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint;
    index = dirhint->dh_index + 1;

    /*
     * Attempt to build a key from cached filename
     */
    if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen != 0)
    {
        if (buildkey(&dirhint->dh_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key) == 0)
        {
            bHaveKey = true;
        }
    }

    /*
     * If the last entry wasn't cached then position the btree iterator
     */
    if ((index == 0) || !bHaveKey)
    {
        /*
         * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
         * (i.e. just before the first entry)
         */
        buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, key);
        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, NULL, NULL, iterator);
        if (result)
        {
            result = MacToVFSError(result);
            goto exit;
        }

        /*
         * Iterate until we reach the entry just
         * before the one we want to start with.
         */
        if (index > 0)
        {

            struct position_state ps;

            ps.error = 0;
            ps.count = 0;
            ps.index = index;
            ps.parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;
            ps.hfsmp = hfsmp;

            result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator,
                                      (IterateCallBackProcPtr)cat_findposition, &ps);
            if (ps.error)
                result = ps.error;
            else
                result = MacToVFSError(result);

            if (result)
            {
                /*
                 * Note: the index may now point to EOF if the directory
                 * was modified in between system calls. We will return
                 * ENOENT from cat_findposition if this is the case, and
                 * when we bail out with an error, our caller (hfs_readdirattr_internal)
                 * will suppress the error and indicate EOF to its caller.
                 */
                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                goto exit;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Fill list with entries starting at iterator->key. */
    result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator,
                              (IterateCallBackProcPtr)getentriesattr_callback, &state);

    if (state.error)
    {
        result = state.error;
        reached_eof = state.reached_eof;
    }
    else if (ce_list->realentries == 0)
    {
        result = btNotFound;
        reached_eof = 1;
    }
    else
    {
        result = MacToVFSError(result);
    }

    /*
     *  Resolve any hard links.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < (int)ce_list->realentries; ++i)
    {
        struct FndrFileInfo *fip;
        struct cat_entry *cep;
        int isdirlink = 0;
        int isfilelink = 0;

        cep = &ce_list->entry[i];
        if (cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref == 0)
            continue;

        /* Note: Finder info is still in Big Endian */
        fip = (struct FndrFileInfo *)&cep->ce_attr.ca_finderinfo;

        if (S_ISREG(cep->ce_attr.ca_mode) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator)) {
            isfilelink = 1;
        }
        if (S_ISREG(cep->ce_attr.ca_mode) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator) &&
            (cep->ce_attr.ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)) {
            isdirlink = 1;
        }

        if (isfilelink || isdirlink) {
            struct HFSPlusCatalogFile filerec;

            if (cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref, isdirlink, &filerec) != 0)
                continue;
            /* Repack entry from inode record. */
            getbsdattr(hfsmp, &filerec, &cep->ce_attr);
            cep->ce_datasize = filerec.dataFork.logicalSize;
            cep->ce_datablks = filerec.dataFork.totalBlocks;
            cep->ce_rsrcsize = filerec.resourceFork.logicalSize;
            cep->ce_rsrcblks = filerec.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
        }
    }

exit:
    if (iterator)
        hfs_free(iterator);
    *reachedeof = reached_eof;
    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * Check the run-time ID hashtable.
 *
 * The catalog lock must be held (like other functions in this file).
 *
 * Returns:
 *         1 if the ID is in the hash table.
 *        0 if the ID is not in the hash table
 */
int cat_check_idhash (struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t test_fileid) {

    cat_preflightid_t *preflight;
    int found = 0;

    for (preflight = IDHASH(hfsmp, test_fileid)->lh_first; preflight ; preflight = preflight->id_hash.le_next)
    {
        if (preflight->fileid == test_fileid)
        {
            found = 1;
            break;
        }
    }

    return found;
}

int
cat_acquire_cnid (struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t *new_cnid)
{
    uint32_t nextCNID;
    BTreeIterator *iterator;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    uint16_t datasize;
    CatalogRecord *recp;
    int result = 0;
    int wrapped = 0;
    /*
     * Get the next CNID. We can change it since we hold the catalog lock.
     */
nextid:
    nextCNID = hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID;
    if (nextCNID == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        wrapped++;
        if (wrapped > 1) {
            /* don't allow more than one wrap-around */
            return ENOSPC;
        }
        hfs_lock_mount (hfsmp);
        hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID = kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID;
        hfsmp->vcbAtrb |= kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask;
        hfs_unlock_mount (hfsmp);
    } else {
        hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID++;
    }
    hfs_note_header_minor_change(hfsmp);

    /* First check that there are not any entries pending in the hash table with this ID */
    if (cat_check_idhash (hfsmp, nextCNID))
    {
        /* Someone wants to insert this into the catalog but hasn't done so yet. Skip it */
        goto nextid;
    }

    /* Check to see if a thread record exists for the target ID we just got */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;
    
    buildthreadkey(nextCNID, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

    recp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    result = BTSearchRecord(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, iterator, &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
    hfs_free(recp);
    hfs_free(iterator);

    if (result == btNotFound) {
        /* Good.  File ID was not in use. Move on to checking EA B-Tree */
        result = file_attribute_exist (hfsmp, nextCNID);
        if (result == EEXIST) {
            /* This CNID has orphaned EAs.  Skip it and move on to the next one */
            goto nextid;
        }
        if (result) {
            /* For any other error, return the result */
            return result;
        }

        /*
         * Now validate that there are no lingering cnodes with this ID.  If a cnode
         * has been removed on-disk (marked C_NOEXISTS), but has not yet been reclaimed,
         * then it will still have an entry in the cnode hash table.  This means that
         * a subsequent lookup will find THAT entry and believe this one has been deleted
         * prematurely.  If there is a lingering cnode, then just skip this entry and move on.
         *
         * Note that we pass (existence_only == 1) argument to hfs_chash_snoop.
         */
        if ((hfsmp->vcbAtrb & kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask))
        {
            if (hfs_chash_snoop (hfsmp, nextCNID, 1, NULL, NULL) == 0)
            {
                goto nextid;
            }
        }

        /*
         * If we get here, then we didn't see any thread records, orphaned EAs,
         * or stale cnodes. This ID is safe to vend out.
         */
        *new_cnid = nextCNID;
    }
    else if (result == noErr) {
        /* move on to the next ID */
        goto nextid;
    }
    else {
        /* For any other situation, just bail out */
        return EIO;
    }

    return 0;
}


int
cat_preflight(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, uint32_t ops, cat_cookie_t *cookie)
{
    int lockflags = 0;
    int result;

    if (hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_lockowner != pthread_self())
        lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);

    result = BTReserveSpace(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, ops, (void*)cookie);

    if (lockflags)
        hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

void
cat_postflight(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cat_cookie_t *cookie)
{
    int lockflags = 0;

    if (hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_lockowner != pthread_self())
        lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);

    (void) BTReleaseReserve(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, (void*)cookie);

    if (lockflags)
        hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
}
/*
 * Extract the parent ID from a catalog node record.
 */
static cnid_t
getparentcnid(const CatalogRecord *recp)
{
    cnid_t cnid = 0;

    switch (recp->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
            cnid = recp->hfsPlusThread.parentID;
            break;
        default:
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "getparentcnid: unknown recordType (crp @ %p)\n", recp);
            hfs_assert(0);
            break;
    }

    return (cnid);
}

int
cat_rename (
            struct hfsmount * hfsmp,
            struct cat_desc * from_cdp,
            struct cat_desc * todir_cdp,
            struct cat_desc * to_cdp,
            struct cat_desc * out_cdp )
{

    int result = 0;

    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    ExtendedVCB * vcb = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp);
    FCB * fcb = GetFileControlBlock(vcb->catalogRefNum);
    u_int16_t datasize;
    int sourcegone = 0;
    int skipthread = 0;
    int directory = from_cdp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR;
    int is_dirlink = 0;
    u_int32_t encoding = 0;

    if (from_cdp->cd_namelen == 0 || to_cdp->cd_namelen == 0)
    {
        return (EINVAL);
    }

    CatalogRecord* recp = NULL;
    BTreeIterator* to_iterator = NULL;
    BTreeIterator* from_iterator = (BTreeIterator*) hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (from_iterator == NULL)
    {
        return (ENOMEM);
    }

    if ((result = buildkey(from_cdp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey*) &from_iterator->key)))
    {
        goto exit;
    }

    to_iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*to_iterator));
    if (to_iterator == NULL)
    {
        result = ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }

    if ((result = buildkey(to_cdp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey*) &to_iterator->key)))
    {
        goto exit;
    }

    recp = hfs_malloc(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    if (recp == NULL)
    {
        result = ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    /*
     * When moving a directory, make sure its a valid move.
     */
    if (directory && (from_cdp->cd_parentcnid != to_cdp->cd_parentcnid))
    {
        cnid_t cnid = from_cdp->cd_cnid;
        cnid_t pathcnid = todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid;

        /* First check the obvious ones */
        if (cnid == fsRtDirID  || cnid == to_cdp->cd_parentcnid  || cnid == pathcnid)
        {
            result = EINVAL;
            goto exit;
        }
        /* now allocate the dir_iterator */
        BTreeIterator* dir_iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
        if (dir_iterator == NULL)
        {
            result = ENOMEM;
            goto exit;
        }

        /*
         * Traverse destination path all the way back to the root
         * making sure that source directory is not encountered.
         *
         */
        while (pathcnid > fsRtDirID)
        {
            buildthreadkey(pathcnid, (CatalogKey *)&dir_iterator->key);
            result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, dir_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, NULL);
            if (result)
            {
                hfs_free(dir_iterator);
                goto exit;
            }
            pathcnid = getparentcnid(recp);
            if (pathcnid == cnid || pathcnid == 0)
            {
                result = EINVAL;
                hfs_free(dir_iterator);
                goto exit;
            }
        }
        hfs_free(dir_iterator);
    }

    /*
     * Step 1: Find cnode data at old location
     */
    result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata,
                            &datasize, from_iterator);
    if (result)
    {
        if (result != btNotFound)
            goto exit;

        struct cat_desc temp_desc;

        /* Probably the node has mangled name */
        result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, from_cdp, 0, &temp_desc, NULL, NULL);
        if (result)
            goto exit;

        /* The file has mangled name.  Search the cnode data using full name */
        bzero(from_iterator, sizeof(*from_iterator));
        result = buildkey(&temp_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key);
        if (result)
        {
            cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
            goto exit;
        }

        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, from_iterator);
        if (result)
        {
            cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
            goto exit;
        }

        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
    }

    /* Check if the source is directory hard link.  We do not change
     * directory flag because it is later used to initialize result descp
     */
    if ((directory) && (recp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord) && (recp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask))
    {
        is_dirlink  = 1;
    }

    /*
     * Update the text encoding (on disk and in descriptor),
     * using hfs_pickencoding to get the new encoding when available.
     *
     * Note that hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding hint.
     */
    if (todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid &&
        todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)
    {
        encoding = kTextEncodingMacRoman;

        hfs_setencodingbits(hfsmp, encoding);
        recp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding = encoding;
        if (out_cdp)
            out_cdp->cd_encoding = encoding;
    }


    /* Step 2: Insert cnode at new location */
    result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
    if (result == btExists)
    {
        int fromtype = recp->recordType;
        cnid_t cnid = 0;

        if (from_cdp->cd_parentcnid != to_cdp->cd_parentcnid)
            goto exit; /* EEXIST */

        /* Find cnode data at new location */
        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, NULL);
        if (result)
            goto exit;

        /* Get the CNID after calling searchrecord */
        cnid  = getcnid (recp);
        if (cnid == 0)
        {
            hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_INCONSISTENCY_DETECTED);
            result = EINVAL;
            goto exit;
        }

        if ((fromtype != recp->recordType) || (from_cdp->cd_cnid != cnid))
        {
            result = EEXIST;
            goto exit; /* EEXIST */
        }
        /* The old name is a case variant and must be removed */
        result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);
        if (result)
            goto exit;

        /* Insert cnode (now that case duplicate is gone) */
        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
        if (result)
        {
            /* Try and restore original before leaving */
            // XXXdbg
            {
                int err;
                err = BTInsertRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
                if (err)
                {
                    LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_create: could not undo (BTInsert = %d)\n", err);
                    hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_ROLLBACK_FAILED);
                    result = err;
                    goto exit;
                }
            }

            goto exit;
        }
        sourcegone = 1;
    }
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Step 3: Remove cnode from old location */
    if (!sourcegone)
    {
        result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);
        if (result)
        {
            /* Try and delete new record before leaving */
            // XXXdbg
            {
                int err;
                err = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, to_iterator);
                if (err)
                {
                    LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_create: could not undo (BTDelete = %d)\n", err);
                    hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_ROLLBACK_FAILED);
                    result = err;
                    goto exit;
                }
            }

            goto exit;
        }
    }

    /* #### POINT OF NO RETURN #### */

    /*
     * Step 4: Remove cnode's old thread record
     */
    buildthreadkey(from_cdp->cd_cnid, (CatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key);
    (void) BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);

    /*
     * Step 5: Insert cnode's new thread record
     * (optional for HFS files)
     */
    if (!skipthread)
    {
        /* For directory hard links, always create a file thread
         * record.  For everything else, use the directory flag.
         */
        if (is_dirlink)
        {
            datasize = buildthread(&to_iterator->key, recp, false);
        }
        else
        {
            datasize = buildthread(&to_iterator->key, recp, directory);
        }
        btdata.itemSize = datasize;
        buildthreadkey(from_cdp->cd_cnid, (CatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key);
        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
    }

    if (out_cdp)
    {
        HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;
        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&to_iterator->key;
        builddesc(pluskey, from_cdp->cd_cnid, to_iterator->hint.nodeNum, encoding, directory, out_cdp);

    }
exit:
    (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);

    hfs_free(from_iterator);
    hfs_free(to_iterator);
    hfs_free(recp);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

struct update_state {
    struct cat_desc *    s_desc;
    struct cat_attr *    s_attr;
    const struct cat_fork *    s_datafork;
    const struct cat_fork *    s_rsrcfork;
    struct hfsmount *    s_hfsmp;
};

/*
 * catrec_update - Update the fields of a catalog record
 * This is called from within BTUpdateRecord.
 */
static int
catrec_update(const CatalogKey *ckp, CatalogRecord *crp, struct update_state *state)
{
    struct cat_desc *descp = state->s_desc;
    struct cat_attr *attrp = state->s_attr;
    const struct cat_fork *forkp;
    struct hfsmount *hfsmp = state->s_hfsmp;
    long blksize = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;

    switch (crp->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
        {
            HFSPlusCatalogFolder *dir;

            dir = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp;
            /* Do a quick sanity check */
            if (dir->folderID != attrp->ca_fileid)
            {
                LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_DEBUG, "catrec_update: id %d != %d, vol=%s\n", dir->folderID, attrp->ca_fileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                return (btNotFound);
            }
            dir->flags            = attrp->ca_recflags;
            dir->valence          = attrp->ca_entries;
            dir->createDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);
            dir->contentModDate   = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime);
            dir->backupDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime);
            dir->accessDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_atime);
            attrp->ca_atimeondisk = attrp->ca_atime;
            dir->attributeModDate = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_ctime);
            /* Note: directory hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding hint. */
            if (ckp->hfsPlus.parentID != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                dir->textEncoding = descp->cd_encoding;
            }
            dir->folderCount      = attrp->ca_dircount;
            bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &dir->userInfo, 32);
            /*
             * Update the BSD Info if it was already initialized on
             * disk or if the runtime values have been modified.
             *
             * If the BSD info was already initialized, but
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, then the runtime IDs are
             * probably different than what was on disk.  We don't want
             * to overwrite the on-disk values (so if we turn off
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS, the old IDs get used again).
             * This way, we can still change fields like the mode or
             * dates even when MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
             *
             * Note that if MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, hfs_chown
             * won't change the uid or gid from their defaults.  So, if
             * the BSD info wasn't set, and the runtime values are not
             * default, then what changed was the mode or flags.  We
             * have to set the uid and gid to something, so use the
             * supplied values (which will be default), which has the
             * same effect as creating a new file while
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
             */
            if ((dir->bsdInfo.fileMode != 0) ||
                (attrp->ca_flags != 0) ||
                (attrp->ca_uid != hfsmp->hfs_uid) ||
                (attrp->ca_gid != hfsmp->hfs_gid) ||
                ((attrp->ca_mode & ALLPERMS) !=
                 (hfsmp->hfs_dir_mask & ACCESSPERMS))) {
                    if ((dir->bsdInfo.fileMode == 0) || ((HFSTOVFS(hfsmp)->mnt_flag) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) == 0)
                    {
                        dir->bsdInfo.ownerID = attrp->ca_uid;
                        dir->bsdInfo.groupID = attrp->ca_gid;
                    }
                    dir->bsdInfo.ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;
                    dir->bsdInfo.adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
                    dir->bsdInfo.fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
                    /* A directory hardlink has a link count. */
                    if (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1 || dir->hl_linkCount > 1)
                    {
                        dir->hl_linkCount = attrp->ca_linkcount;
                    }
                }
            break;
        }
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord: {
            HFSPlusCatalogFile *file;
            int is_dirlink;

            file = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)crp;
            /* Do a quick sanity check */
            if (file->fileID != attrp->ca_fileid)
                return (btNotFound);
            file->flags            = attrp->ca_recflags;
            file->createDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);
            file->contentModDate   = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime);
            file->backupDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime);
            file->accessDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_atime);
            attrp->ca_atimeondisk  = attrp->ca_atime;
            file->attributeModDate = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_ctime);
            /*
             * Note: file hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding
             * hint, but they do have a first link value.
             */
            if (ckp->hfsPlus.parentID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                file->hl_firstLinkID = attrp->ca_firstlink;
            } else {
                file->textEncoding = descp->cd_encoding;
            }
            bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &file->userInfo, 32);
            /*
             * Update the BSD Info if it was already initialized on
             * disk or if the runtime values have been modified.
             *
             * If the BSD info was already initialized, but
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, then the runtime IDs are
             * probably different than what was on disk.  We don't want
             * to overwrite the on-disk values (so if we turn off
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS, the old IDs get used again).
             * This way, we can still change fields like the mode or
             * dates even when MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
             *
             * Note that if MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, hfs_chown
             * won't change the uid or gid from their defaults.  So, if
             * the BSD info wasn't set, and the runtime values are not
             * default, then what changed was the mode or flags.  We
             * have to set the uid and gid to something, so use the
             * supplied values (which will be default), which has the
             * same effect as creating a new file while
             * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
             *
             * Do not modify bsdInfo for directory hard link records.
             * They are set during creation and are not modifiable, so just
             * leave them alone.
             */
            is_dirlink = (file->flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(file->userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
            (SWAP_BE32(file->userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator);

            if (!is_dirlink &&  ((file->bsdInfo.fileMode != 0) || (attrp->ca_flags != 0) || (attrp->ca_uid != hfsmp->hfs_uid) ||(attrp->ca_gid != hfsmp->hfs_gid) ||
                 ((attrp->ca_mode & ALLPERMS) != (hfsmp->hfs_file_mask & ACCESSPERMS))))
            {
                 if ((file->bsdInfo.fileMode == 0) || (((HFSTOVFS(hfsmp)->mnt_flag) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) == 0))
                 {
                     file->bsdInfo.ownerID = attrp->ca_uid;
                     file->bsdInfo.groupID = attrp->ca_gid;
                 }
                 file->bsdInfo.ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;
                 file->bsdInfo.adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
                 file->bsdInfo.fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
            }
            if (state->s_rsrcfork) {
                forkp = state->s_rsrcfork;
                file->resourceFork.logicalSize = forkp->cf_size;
                file->resourceFork.totalBlocks = forkp->cf_blocks;
                bcopy(&forkp->cf_extents[0], &file->resourceFork.extents,
                      sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
                /* Push blocks read to disk */
                file->resourceFork.clumpSize = (u_int32_t) howmany(forkp->cf_bytesread, blksize);
            }
            if (state->s_datafork) {
                forkp = state->s_datafork;
                file->dataFork.logicalSize = forkp->cf_size;
                file->dataFork.totalBlocks = forkp->cf_blocks;
                bcopy(&forkp->cf_extents[0], &file->dataFork.extents,
                      sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
                /* Push blocks read to disk */
                file->dataFork.clumpSize = (u_int32_t) howmany(forkp->cf_bytesread, blksize);
            }

            if ((file->resourceFork.extents[0].startBlock != 0) &&
                (file->resourceFork.extents[0].startBlock == file->dataFork.extents[0].startBlock))
            {
                LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "catrec_update: rsrc fork == data fork");
                hfs_assert(0);
            }

            /* Synchronize the lock state */
            if (attrp->ca_flags & (SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE))
                file->flags |= kHFSFileLockedMask;
            else
                file->flags &= ~kHFSFileLockedMask;

            /* Push out special field if necessary */
            if (S_ISBLK(attrp->ca_mode) || S_ISCHR(attrp->ca_mode))
            {
                file->bsdInfo.special.rawDevice = attrp->ca_rdev;
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * Protect against the degenerate case where the descriptor contains the
                 * raw inode ID in its CNID field.  If the HFSPlusCatalogFile record indicates
                 * the linkcount was greater than 1 (the default value), then it must have become
                 * a hardlink.  In this case, update the linkcount from the cat_attr passed in.
                 */
                if ((descp->cd_cnid != attrp->ca_fileid) || (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1 ) || (file->hl_linkCount > 1))
                {
                    file->hl_linkCount = attrp->ca_linkcount;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            return (btNotFound);
    }
    return (0);
}

/*
 * getkey - get a key from id by doing a thread lookup
 */
static int
getkey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, CatalogKey * key)
{
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    u_int16_t    datasize;
    CatalogKey * keyp = NULL;
    CatalogRecord * recp = NULL;
    int result = 0;


    BTreeIterator* iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
    {
        result = memFullErr;
        goto exit;
    }
    buildthreadkey(cnid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

    recp = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(CatalogRecord));
    if (recp == NULL)
    {
        result = memFullErr;
        goto exit;
    }
    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator, &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place) */
    switch (recp->recordType)
    {
        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
            keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;
            keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
            (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
            bcopy(keyp, key, keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength + 2);
            break;

        default:
            result = cmNotFound;
            break;
    }

exit:
    hfs_free(iterator);
    hfs_free(recp);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_update_internal - update the catalog node described by descp
 * using the data from attrp and forkp.
 * If update_hardlink is true, the hard link catalog record is updated
 * and not the inode catalog record.
 */
static int
cat_update_internal(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, int update_hardlink, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
                    const struct cat_fork *dataforkp, const struct cat_fork *rsrcforkp)
{
    FCB * fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
    BTreeIterator * iterator;
    int result = 0;

    struct update_state state;
    state.s_desc = descp;
    state.s_attr = attrp;
    state.s_datafork = dataforkp;
    state.s_rsrcfork = rsrcforkp;
    state.s_hfsmp = hfsmp;

    /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */
    iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;

    /*
     * For open-deleted files we need to do a lookup by cnid
     * (using thread rec).
     *
     * For hard links and if not requested by caller, the target
     * of the update is the inode itself (not the link record)
     * so a lookup by fileid (i.e. thread rec) is needed.
     */
    if ((update_hardlink == false) &&
        ((descp->cd_cnid != attrp->ca_fileid) ||
         (descp->cd_namelen == 0) ||
         (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)))
    {
        result = getkey(hfsmp, attrp->ca_fileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
    }
    else
    {
        result = buildkey(descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
    }
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Pass a node hint */
    iterator->hint.nodeNum = descp->cd_hint;

    result = BTUpdateRecord(fcb, iterator, (IterateCallBackProcPtr)catrec_update, &state);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Update the node hint. */
    descp->cd_hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;

exit:
    (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_update - update the catalog node described by descp
 * using the data from attrp and forkp.
 */
int
cat_update(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
           const struct cat_fork *dataforkp, const struct cat_fork *rsrcforkp)
{
    return cat_update_internal(hfsmp, false, descp, attrp, dataforkp, rsrcforkp);
}

/*
 * cat_delete - delete a node from the catalog
 *
 * Order of B-tree operations:
 *    1. BTDeleteRecord(cnode);
 *    2. BTDeleteRecord(thread);
 *    3. BTUpdateRecord(parent);
 */
int
cat_delete(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp)
{
    FCB * fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
    BTreeIterator *iterator;
    cnid_t cnid;
    int result = 0;

    /* Preflight check:
     *
     * The root directory cannot be deleted
     * A directory must be empty
     * A file must be zero length (no blocks)
     */
    if (descp->cd_cnid < kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID || descp->cd_parentcnid == kHFSRootParentID)
        return (EINVAL);

    /* XXX Preflight Missing */

    /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */
    iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;
    iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;

    /*
     * Derive a key from either the file ID (for a virtual inode)
     * or the descriptor.
     */
    if (descp->cd_namelen == 0)
    {
        result = getkey(hfsmp, attrp->ca_fileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        cnid = attrp->ca_fileid;
    }
    else
    {
        result = buildkey(descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        cnid = descp->cd_cnid;
    }
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /* Delete record */
    result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator);
    if (result)
    {
        if (result != btNotFound)
            goto exit;

        struct cat_desc temp_desc;

        /* Probably the node has mangled name */
        result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, descp, 0, &temp_desc, attrp, NULL);
        if (result)
            goto exit;

        /* The file has mangled name.  Delete the file using full name  */
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        result = buildkey(&temp_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        cnid = temp_desc.cd_cnid;
        if (result)
        {
            cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
            goto exit;
        }

        result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator);
        if (result)
        {
            cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
            goto exit;
        }

        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
    }

    /* Delete thread record.  On error, mark volume inconsistent */
    buildthreadkey(cnid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
    if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator))
    {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_delete: failed to delete thread record id=%u on vol=%s\n", cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
        hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_OP_INCOMPLETE);
    }

exit:
    (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * buildrecord - build a default catalog directory or file record
 */
static void
buildrecord(struct cat_attr *attrp, cnid_t cnid, u_int32_t encoding, CatalogRecord *crp, u_int32_t *recordSize)
{
    int type = attrp->ca_mode & S_IFMT;
    u_int32_t createtime = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);

    struct HFSPlusBSDInfo * bsdp = NULL;

    if (type == S_IFDIR)
    {
        crp->recordType = kHFSPlusFolderRecord;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.flags = attrp->ca_recflags;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.valence = 0;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID = cnid;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.createDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.contentModDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.attributeModDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.accessDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.backupDate = 0;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.textEncoding = encoding;
        crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderCount = 0;
        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsPlusFolder.userInfo, 32);
        bsdp = &crp->hfsPlusFolder.bsdInfo;
        bsdp->special.linkCount = 1;
        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogFolder);
    }
    else
    {
        crp->recordType = kHFSPlusFileRecord;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.flags = attrp->ca_recflags;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.reserved1 = 0;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID = cnid;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.createDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.contentModDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.accessDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.attributeModDate = createtime;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.backupDate = 0;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding = encoding;
        crp->hfsPlusFile.reserved2 = 0;
        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo, 32);
        bsdp = &crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo;
        /* BLK/CHR need to save the device info */
        if (type == S_IFBLK || type == S_IFCHR)
        {
            bsdp->special.rawDevice = attrp->ca_rdev;
        } else {
            bsdp->special.linkCount = 1;
        }
        bzero(&crp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork, 2*sizeof(HFSPlusForkData));
        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogFile);
    }
    bsdp->ownerID    = attrp->ca_uid;
    bsdp->groupID    = attrp->ca_gid;
    bsdp->fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
    bsdp->adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
    bsdp->ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;

}

/*
 * cat_create - create a node in the catalog
 * using MacRoman encoding
 *
 * NOTE: both the catalog file and attribute file locks must
 *       be held before calling this function.
 *
 * The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_create(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t new_fileid, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_desc *out_descp)
{
    int result = 0;

    FCB * fcb= hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
    BTreeIterator*     iterator = NULL;
    HFSPlusCatalogKey* key = NULL;
    CatalogRecord*     data = NULL;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata = {0};
    u_int32_t datalen;
    u_int32_t encoding = kTextEncodingMacRoman;

    /* The caller is expected to reserve a CNID before calling this-> function! */

    /* Get space for iterator, key and data */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    key = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey));
    data = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(CatalogRecord));

    if ( (iterator == NULL) || (key == NULL) || (data == NULL) )
    {
        result =ENOMEM;
        goto exit;
    }

    result = buildkey(descp, key);
    if (result)
        goto exit;

    /*
     * Insert the thread record first
     */
    datalen = buildthread((void*)key, data, S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode));
    btdata.bufferAddress = data;
    btdata.itemSize = datalen;
    btdata.itemCount = 1;

    /* Caller asserts the following:
     *  1) this CNID is not in use by any orphaned EAs
     *  2) There are no lingering cnodes (removed on-disk but still in-core) with this CNID
     *  3) There are no thread or catalog records for this ID
     */
    buildthreadkey(new_fileid, (CatalogKey *) &iterator->key);
    result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, datalen);
    if (result)
    {
        goto exit;
    }

    /*
     * Now insert the file/directory record
     */
    buildrecord(attrp, new_fileid, encoding, data, &datalen);
    btdata.bufferAddress = data;
    btdata.itemSize = datalen;
    btdata.itemCount = 1;

    bcopy(key, &iterator->key, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey));

    result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, datalen);
    if (result)
    {
        if (result == btExists)
            result = EEXIST;

        /* Back out the thread record */
        buildthreadkey(new_fileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator))
        {
            /* Error on deleting extra thread record, mark
             * volume inconsistent
             */
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_create() failed to delete thread record id=%u on vol=%s\n", new_fileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
            hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_ROLLBACK_FAILED);
        }
        
        goto exit;
    }

    /*
     * Insert was successful, update name, parent and volume
     */
    if (out_descp != NULL)
    {
        HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;

        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key;

        builddesc(pluskey, new_fileid, iterator->hint.nodeNum, encoding, S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode), out_descp);
    }
    attrp->ca_fileid = new_fileid;

exit:
    (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
    if (iterator)
        hfs_free(iterator);
    if (key)
        hfs_free(key);
    if (data)
        hfs_free(data);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/* This function sets kHFSHasChildLinkBit in a directory hierarchy in the
 * catalog btree of given cnid by walking up the parent chain till it reaches
 * either the root folder, or the private metadata directory for storing
 * directory hard links.  This function updates the corresponding in-core
 * cnode, if any, and the directory record in the catalog btree.
 * On success, returns zero.  On failure, returns non-zero value.
 */
int
cat_set_childlinkbit(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid)
{
    int retval = 0;
    int lockflags = 0;
    struct cat_desc desc;
    struct cat_attr attr = {0};

    while ((cnid != kHFSRootFolderID) && (cnid != kHFSRootParentID) &&
           (cnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)) {
        /* Update the bit in corresponding cnode, if any, in the hash.
         * If the cnode has the bit already set, stop the traversal.
         */
        retval = hfs_chash_set_childlinkbit(hfsmp, cnid);
        if (retval == 0) {
            break;
        }

        /* Update the catalog record on disk if either cnode was not
         * found in the hash, or if a cnode was found and the cnode
         * did not have the bit set previously.
         */
        retval = hfs_start_transaction(hfsmp);
        if (retval) {
            break;
        }
        lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);

        /* Look up our catalog folder record */
        retval = cat_idlookup(hfsmp, cnid, 0, 0, &desc, &attr, NULL);
        if (retval) {
            hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
            hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);
            break;
        }

        /* Update the bit in the catalog record */
        attr.ca_recflags |= kHFSHasChildLinkMask;
        retval = cat_update(hfsmp, &desc, &attr, NULL, NULL);
        if (retval) {
            hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
            hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);
            cat_releasedesc(&desc);
            break;
        }

        hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
        hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);

        cnid = desc.cd_parentcnid;
        cat_releasedesc(&desc);
    }

    return retval;
}

/* This function traverses the parent directory hierarchy from the given
 * directory to one level below root directory and checks if any of its
 * ancestors is -
 *     1. A directory hard link.
 *     2. The 'pointed at' directory.
 * If any of these conditions fail or an internal error is encountered
 * during look up of the catalog record, this function returns non-zero value.
 */
int
cat_check_link_ancestry(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, cnid_t pointed_at_cnid)
{
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    HFSPlusCatalogFolder folder;
    int invalid = 0;
    int result;

    BDINIT(btdata, &folder);
    BTreeIterator* ip = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (ip == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;

    HFSPlusCatalogKey* keyp = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&ip->key;
    FCB *fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

    while (cnid != kHFSRootParentID)
    {
        /* Check if the 'pointed at' directory is an ancestor */
        if (pointed_at_cnid == cnid)
        {
            invalid = 1;
            break;
        }
        if ((result = getkey(hfsmp, cnid, (CatalogKey *)keyp))) {
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_check_link_ancestry: getkey failed [%d] id=%u, vol=%s\n", result, cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
            invalid = 1;  /* On errors, assume an invalid parent */
            break;
        }
        if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, ip, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_check_link_ancestry: cannot find id=%u, vol=%s, [%d]\n", cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN, result);
            invalid = 1;  /* On errors, assume an invalid parent */
            break;
        }
        /* Check if this ancestor is a directory hard link */
        if (folder.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
            invalid = 1;
            break;
        }
        cnid = keyp->parentID;
    }

    hfs_free(ip);
    return (invalid);
}


// --------------------------------------- Hard Link Support ---------------------------------------------


/*
 * Resolve hard link reference to obtain the inode record.
 */
int
cat_resolvelink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, int isdirlink, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *recp)
{
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    BTreeIterator *iterator;
    struct cat_desc idesc;
    char inodename[32];
    cnid_t parentcnid;
    int result = 0;

    BDINIT(btdata, recp);

    if (isdirlink) {
        MAKE_DIRINODE_NAME(inodename, sizeof(inodename), (unsigned int)linkref);
        parentcnid = hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid;
    } else {
        MAKE_INODE_NAME(inodename, sizeof(inodename), (unsigned int)linkref);
        parentcnid = hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid;
    }

    /* Get space for iterator */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(BTreeIterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
    {
        return ENOMEM;
    }

    /* Build a descriptor for private dir. */
    idesc.cd_parentcnid = parentcnid;
    idesc.cd_nameptr = (const u_int8_t *)inodename;
    idesc.cd_namelen = strlen(inodename);
    idesc.cd_flags = 0;
    idesc.cd_hint = 0;
    idesc.cd_encoding = 0;
    (void) buildkey(&idesc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

    result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,&btdata, NULL, NULL);

    if (result == 0) {
        /* Make sure there's a reference */
        if (recp->hl_linkCount == 0)
            recp->hl_linkCount = 2;
    } else {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_resolvelink: can't find inode=%s on vol=%s\n", inodename, hfsmp->vcbVN);
    }

    hfs_free(iterator);

    return (result ? ENOENT : 0);
}

/*
 * Resolve hard link reference to obtain the inode number.
 */
static int
resolvelinkid(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, ino_t *ino)
{
    struct HFSPlusCatalogFile record;
    int error;

    /*
     * Since we know resolvelinkid is only called from
     * cat_getdirentries, we can assume that only file
     * hardlinks need to be resolved (cat_getdirentries
     * can resolve directory hardlinks in place).
     */
    error = cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, linkref, 0, &record);
    if (error == 0) {
        if (record.fileID == 0)
            error = ENOENT;
        else
            *ino = record.fileID;
    }
    return (error);
}


/*
 * cat_lookup_lastlink - find the last sibling link in the chain (no "next" ptr)
 */
int
cat_lookup_lastlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t linkfileid, cnid_t *lastlink, struct cat_desc *cdesc)
{
    FCB * fcb;
    BTreeIterator * iterator;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata = {0};
    struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
    int result = 0;
    int itercount = 0;
    int foundlast = 0;
    cnid_t currentlink = linkfileid;

    fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

    /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;

    while ((foundlast == 0) && (itercount < HFS_LINK_MAX )) {
        itercount++;
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));

        if ((result = getkey(hfsmp, currentlink, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key))) {
            goto exit;
        }
        BDINIT(btdata, &file);

        if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
            goto exit;
        }

        /* The prev/next chain is only valid when kHFSHasLinkChainMask is set. */
        if (file.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
            cnid_t parent;

            parent = ((HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key)->parentID;
            /*
             * The raw inode for a directory hardlink doesn't have a chain.
             * Its link information lives in an EA.
             */
            if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                /* We don't iterate to find the oldest directory hardlink. */
                result = ENOLINK;
                goto exit;
            }
            else if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                /* Raw inode for file hardlink (the base inode) */
                currentlink = file.hl_firstLinkID;

                /*
                 * One minor special-casing here is necessary.
                 * If our ID brought us to the raw hardlink inode, and it does
                 * not have any siblings, then it's an open-unlinked file, and we
                 * should not proceed any further.
                 */
                if (currentlink == 0) {
                    result = ENOLINK;
                    goto exit;
                }
            }
            else {
                /* Otherwise, this item's parent is a legitimate directory in the namespace */
                if (file.hl_nextLinkID == 0) {
                    /* If nextLinkID is 0, then we found the end; no more hardlinks */
                    foundlast = 1;
                    *lastlink = currentlink;
                    /*
                     * Since we had to construct a catalog key to do this lookup
                     * we still hold it in-hand.  We might as well use it to build
                     * the descriptor that the caller asked for.
                     */
                    builddesc ((HFSPlusCatalogKey*)&iterator->key, currentlink, 0, 0, 0, cdesc);
                    break;
                }

                currentlink = file.hl_nextLinkID;
            }
        }
        else {
            /* Sorry, can't help you without a link chain */
            result = ENOLINK;
            goto exit;
        }
    }
exit:
    /* If we didn't find what we were looking for, zero out the args */
    if (foundlast == 0) {
        if (cdesc) {
            bzero (cdesc, sizeof(struct cat_desc));
        }
        if (lastlink) {
            *lastlink = 0;
        }
    }

    hfs_free(iterator);
    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_lookuplink - lookup a link by it's name
 */
int
cat_lookuplink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, cnid_t *linkfileid, cnid_t *prevlinkid,  cnid_t *nextlinkid)
{
    FCB * fcb;
    BTreeIterator * iterator;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
    int result;

    fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

    /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;

    if ((result = buildkey(descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key))) {
        goto exit;
    }
    BDINIT(btdata, &file);

    if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
        goto exit;
    }
    if (file.recordType != kHFSPlusFileRecord) {
        result = ENOENT;
        goto exit;
    }
    *linkfileid = file.fileID;

    if (file.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
        *prevlinkid = file.hl_prevLinkID;
        *nextlinkid = file.hl_nextLinkID;
    } else {
        *prevlinkid = 0;
        *nextlinkid = 0;
    }
exit:
    hfs_free(iterator);
    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_deletelink - delete a link from the catalog
 */
int
cat_deletelink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp)
{
    struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file = {0};
    struct cat_attr cattr = {0};
    uint32_t totalBlocks;
    int result = 0;

    cattr.ca_fileid = descp->cd_cnid;

    /* Directory links have alias content to remove. */
    if (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) {
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */
        iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;

        if ((result = buildkey(descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key))) {
            goto exit;
        }
        BDINIT(btdata, &file);

        if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
            goto exit;
        }
    }

    result = cat_delete(hfsmp, descp, &cattr);

    if ((result == 0) &&
        (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) &&
        (file.recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)) {

        totalBlocks = file.resourceFork.totalBlocks;

        for (int i = 0; (i < 8) && (totalBlocks > 0); i++) {
            if ((file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount == 0) &&
                (file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock == 0)) {
                break;
            }

            (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp,file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock,file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount, 0);

            totalBlocks -= file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount;
            file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock = 0;
            file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount = 0;
        }
    }
exit:
    return (result);
}

/*
 * update_siblinglinks_callback - update a link's chain
 */

struct linkupdate_state {
    cnid_t filelinkid;
    cnid_t prevlinkid;
    cnid_t nextlinkid;
};

static int
update_siblinglinks_callback(__unused const CatalogKey *ckp, CatalogRecord *crp, struct linkupdate_state *state)
{
    HFSPlusCatalogFile *file;

    if (crp->recordType != kHFSPlusFileRecord) {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "update_siblinglinks_callback: unexpected rec type %d\n", crp->recordType);
        return (btNotFound);
    }

    file = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)crp;
    if (file->flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
        if (state->prevlinkid != HFS_IGNORABLE_LINK) {
            file->hl_prevLinkID = state->prevlinkid;
        }
        if (state->nextlinkid != HFS_IGNORABLE_LINK) {
            file->hl_nextLinkID = state->nextlinkid;
        }
    } else {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "update_siblinglinks_callback: file %d isn't a chain\n", file->fileID);
    }
    return (0);
}

/*
 * cat_update_siblinglinks - update a link's chain
 */
int
cat_update_siblinglinks(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t linkfileid, cnid_t prevlinkid, cnid_t nextlinkid)
{
    FCB * fcb;
    BTreeIterator * iterator;
    struct linkupdate_state state;
    int result;

    fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
    state.filelinkid = linkfileid;
    state.prevlinkid = prevlinkid;
    state.nextlinkid = nextlinkid;

    /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
    iterator = hfs_mallocz(sizeof(*iterator));
    if (iterator == NULL)
        return ENOMEM;

    result = getkey(hfsmp, linkfileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
    if (result == 0) {
        result = BTUpdateRecord(fcb, iterator, (IterateCallBackProcPtr)update_siblinglinks_callback, &state);
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
    } else {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_update_siblinglinks: couldn't resolve cnid=%d, vol=%s\n", linkfileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
    }

    hfs_free(iterator);
    return MacToVFSError(result);
}

void
cat_convertattr(
                struct hfsmount *hfsmp,
                CatalogRecord * recp,
                struct cat_attr *attrp,
                struct cat_fork *datafp,
                struct cat_fork *rsrcfp)
{
    getbsdattr(hfsmp, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp, attrp);

    if (isadir(recp))
    {
        bzero(datafp, sizeof(*datafp));
    }else {
        /* Convert the data fork. */
        datafp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
        datafp->cf_new_size = 0;
        datafp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
        datafp->cf_bytesread = 0;
        datafp->cf_vblocks = 0;
        bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.extents[0],
              &datafp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));

        /* Convert the resource fork. */
        rsrcfp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
        rsrcfp->cf_new_size = 0;
        rsrcfp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
        datafp->cf_bytesread = 0;
        rsrcfp->cf_vblocks = 0;
        bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.extents[0],
              &rsrcfp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
    }
}

/* Create and write an alias that points at the directory represented by given
 * inode number on the same volume.  Directory hard links are visible as
 * aliases in pre-Leopard systems and this function creates these aliases.
 *
 * Note: This code is very specific to creating alias for the purpose
 * of directory hard links only, and should not be generalized.
 */
static int
cat_makealias(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t inode_num, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp)
{
    GenericLFBufPtr bp = NULL;
    daddr64_t blkno;
    u_int32_t blkcount;
    int blksize;
    int sectorsize;
    int result;
    HFSPlusForkData *rsrcforkp;
    char *alias;
    uint32_t *valptr;

    rsrcforkp = &(crp->resourceFork);

    blksize = hfsmp->blockSize;
    blkcount = howmany(kHFSAliasSize, blksize);
    sectorsize = hfsmp->hfs_logical_block_size;
    bzero(rsrcforkp, sizeof(HFSPlusForkData));

    /* Allocate some disk space for the alias content. */
    result = BlockAllocate(hfsmp, 0, blkcount, blkcount,
                           HFS_ALLOC_FORCECONTIG | HFS_ALLOC_METAZONE,
                           &rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                           &rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount);
    /* Did it fail with an out of space error? If so, re-try and allow journal flushing. */
    if (result == dskFulErr ) {
        result = BlockAllocate(hfsmp, 0, blkcount, blkcount,
                               HFS_ALLOC_FORCECONTIG | HFS_ALLOC_METAZONE | HFS_ALLOC_FLUSHTXN,
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount);
    }

    if (result) {
        rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
        goto exit;
    }

    /* Acquire a buffer cache block for our block. */
    blkno = ((u_int64_t)rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock * (u_int64_t)blksize) / sectorsize;
    blkno += hfsmp->hfsPlusIOPosOffset / sectorsize;

    bp = lf_hfs_generic_buf_allocate( hfsmp->hfs_devvp, blkno, roundup(kHFSAliasSize, hfsmp->hfs_logical_block_size), 0);
    result = lf_hfs_generic_buf_read(bp);
    if (result) {
        goto exit;
    }
    
    if (hfsmp->jnl) {
        journal_modify_block_start(hfsmp->jnl, bp);
    }

    /* Generate alias content */
    alias = (char *)bp->pvData;
    bzero(alias, bp->uDataSize);
    bcopy(hfs_dirlink_alias_rsrc, alias, kHFSAliasSize);

    /* Set the volume create date, local time in Mac OS format */
    valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasVolCreateDateOffset);
    *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(hfsmp->localCreateDate);

    /* Set id of the parent of the target directory */
    valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasParentIDOffset);
    *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid);

    /* Set id of the target directory */
    valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasTargetIDOffset);
    *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(inode_num);

    /* Write alias content to disk. */
    if (hfsmp->jnl) {
        journal_modify_block_end(hfsmp->jnl, bp, NULL, NULL);
    } else

    if ((result = lf_hfs_generic_buf_write(bp))) {
        goto exit;
    }

    /* Finish initializing the fork data. */
    rsrcforkp->logicalSize = kHFSAliasSize;
    rsrcforkp->totalBlocks = rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount;

exit:
    if (bp) {
        lf_hfs_generic_buf_release(bp);
    }

    if (result && rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock != 0) {
        (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp, rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock, rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount, 0);
        rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
        rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount = 0;
        rsrcforkp->logicalSize = 0;
        rsrcforkp->totalBlocks = 0;
    }
    return (result);
}

/*
 * cat_createlink - create a link in the catalog
 *
 * The following cat_attr fields are expected to be set:
 *     ca_linkref
 *     ca_itime
 *     ca_mode (S_IFREG)
 *     ca_recflags
 *     ca_flags
 *     ca_finderinfo (type and creator)
 */
int
cat_createlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, cnid_t nextlinkid, cnid_t *linkfileid)
{
    FCB * fcb;
    struct btobj * bto;
    FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
    HFSPlusForkData *rsrcforkp;
    u_int32_t nextCNID;
    u_int32_t datalen;
    int thread_inserted = 0;
    int alias_allocated = 0;
    int result = 0;

    fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

    /*
     * Get the next CNID.  Note that we are currently holding catalog lock.
     */
    result = cat_acquire_cnid(hfsmp, &nextCNID);
    if (result) {
        return result;
    }

    /* Get space for iterator, key and data */
    bto = hfs_malloc(sizeof(struct btobj));
    bto->iterator.hint.nodeNum = 0;
    rsrcforkp = &bto->data.hfsPlusFile.resourceFork;

    result = buildkey(descp, &bto->key);
    if (result) {
        LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_createlink: err %d from buildkey\n", result);
        goto exit;
    }

    /*
     * Insert the thread record first.
     */
    datalen = buildthread((void*)&bto->key, &bto->data, 0);
    btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
    btdata.itemSize = datalen;
    btdata.itemCount = 1;

    buildthreadkey(nextCNID, (CatalogKey *) &bto->iterator.key);
    result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
    if (result) {
        goto exit;
    }
    thread_inserted = 1;

    /*
     * Now insert the link record.
     */
    buildrecord(attrp, nextCNID, kTextEncodingMacUnicode, &bto->data, &datalen);

    bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_prevLinkID = 0;
    bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_nextLinkID = nextlinkid;
    bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference = attrp->ca_linkref;

    /* For directory hard links, create alias in resource fork */
    if (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) {
        if ((result = cat_makealias(hfsmp, attrp->ca_linkref, &bto->data.hfsPlusFile))) {
            goto exit;
        }
        alias_allocated = 1;
    }
    btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
    btdata.itemSize = datalen;
    btdata.itemCount = 1;

    bcopy(&bto->key, &bto->iterator.key, sizeof(bto->key));

    result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
    if (result) {
        if (result == btExists)
            result = EEXIST;
        goto exit;
    }
    if (linkfileid != NULL) {
        *linkfileid = nextCNID;
    }
exit:
    if (result) {
        if (thread_inserted) {
            LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_createlink: BTInsertRecord err=%d, vol=%s\n", MacToVFSError(result), hfsmp->vcbVN);

            buildthreadkey(nextCNID, (CatalogKey *)&bto->iterator.key);
            if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator)) {
                LFHFS_LOG(LEVEL_ERROR, "cat_createlink: failed to delete thread record on volume %s\n", hfsmp->vcbVN);
                hfs_mark_inconsistent(hfsmp, HFS_ROLLBACK_FAILED);
            }
        }
        if (alias_allocated && rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock != 0) {
            (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp, rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                                   rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount, 0);
            rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
            rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount = 0;
        }
    }
    (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
    hfs_free(bto);

    return MacToVFSError(result);
}