c-stack.c   [plain text]

/* Stack overflow handling.

   Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

/* Written by Paul Eggert.  */

/* This module assumes that each stack frame is smaller than a page.
   If you use alloca, dynamic arrays, or large local variables, your
   program may extend the stack by more than a page at a time.  If so,
   the code below may incorrectly report a program error, or worse
   yet, may not detect the overflow at all.  To avoid this problem,
   don't use large local arrays.  */

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include "gettext.h"
#define _(msgid) gettext (msgid)

#include <errno.h>
#ifndef ENOTSUP
# define ENOTSUP EINVAL
#endif

#if HAVE_INTTYPES_H
# include <inttypes.h>
#else
# if HAVE_STDINT_H
#  include <stdint.h>
# endif
#endif

#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifndef STDERR_FILENO
# define STDERR_FILENO 2
#endif

#include "c-stack.h"
#include "exitfail.h"

extern char *program_name;

#if HAVE_XSI_STACK_OVERFLOW_HEURISTIC

# include <ucontext.h>


/* Storage for the alternate signal stack.  */
static union
{
  char buffer[SIGSTKSZ];

  /* These other members are for proper alignment.  There's no
     standard way to guarantee stack alignment, but this seems enough
     in practice.  */
  long double ld;
  uintmax_t u;
  void *p;
} alternate_signal_stack;


/* Direction of the C runtime stack.  This function is
   async-signal-safe.  */

# if STACK_DIRECTION
#  define find_stack_direction(ptr) STACK_DIRECTION
# else
static int
find_stack_direction (char const *addr)
{
  char dummy;
  return ! addr ? find_stack_direction (&dummy) : addr < &dummy ? 1 : -1;
}
# endif

/* The SIGSEGV handler.  */
static void (* volatile segv_action) (int, siginfo_t *, void *);

/* Handle a segmentation violation and exit.  This function is
   async-signal-safe.  */

static void
segv_handler (int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *context)
{
  /* Clear SIGNO if it seems to have been a stack overflow.  */
  if (0 < info->si_code)
    {
      /* If the faulting address is within the stack, or within one
	 page of the stack end, assume that it is a stack
	 overflow.  */
      ucontext_t const *user_context = context;
      char const *stack_min = user_context->uc_stack.ss_sp;
      size_t stack_size = user_context->uc_stack.ss_size;
      char const *faulting_address = info->si_addr;
      size_t s = faulting_address - stack_min;
      size_t page_size = sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE);
      if (find_stack_direction (0) < 0)
	s += page_size;
      if (s < stack_size + page_size)
	signo = 0;
    }

  segv_action (signo, info, context);
}

#endif /* HAVE_XSI_STACK_OVERFLOW_HEURISTIC */


/* Translated messages for program errors and stack overflow.  Do not
   translate them in the signal handler, since gettext is not
   async-signal-safe.  */
static char const * volatile program_error_message;
static char const * volatile stack_overflow_message;

/* Output an error message, then exit with status EXIT_FAILURE if it
   appears to have been a stack overflow, or with a core dump
   otherwise.  This function is async-signal-safe.  */

void
c_stack_die (int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *context)
{
  char const *message =
    signo ? program_error_message : stack_overflow_message;
  write (STDERR_FILENO, program_name, strlen (program_name));
  write (STDERR_FILENO, ": ", 2);
  write (STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen (message));
  write (STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
  if (! signo)
    _exit (exit_failure);
#if HAVE_SIGINFO_T
  if (context && info && 0 <= info->si_code)
    {
      /* Re-raise the exception at the same address.  */
      char *addr = info->si_addr;
      *addr = 0;
    }
#endif
  kill (getpid (), signo);
}


/* Set up ACTION so that it is invoked on C stack overflow.  Return -1
   (setting errno) if this cannot be done.

   ACTION must invoke only async-signal-safe functions.  ACTION
   together with its callees must not require more than SIGSTKSZ bytes
   of stack space.  */

int
c_stack_action (void (*action) (int, siginfo_t *, void *))
{
#if ! HAVE_XSI_STACK_OVERFLOW_HEURISTIC
  errno = ENOTSUP;
  return -1;
#else
  struct sigaction act;
  stack_t st;
  int r;

  st.ss_flags = 0;
  st.ss_sp = alternate_signal_stack.buffer;
  st.ss_size = sizeof alternate_signal_stack.buffer;
  r = sigaltstack (&st, 0);
  if (r != 0)
    return r;

  program_error_message = _("program error");
  stack_overflow_message = _("stack overflow");
  segv_action = action;

  sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask);

  /* POSIX 1003.1-2001 says SA_RESETHAND implies SA_NODEFER, but this
     is not true on Solaris 8 at least.  It doesn't hurt to use
     SA_NODEFER here, so leave it in.  */
  act.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER | SA_ONSTACK | SA_RESETHAND | SA_SIGINFO;

  act.sa_sigaction = segv_handler;
  return sigaction (SIGSEGV, &act, 0);
#endif
}

#if DEBUG

#include <stdio.h>

int volatile exit_failure;

static long
recurse (char *p)
{
  char array[500];
  array[0] = 1;
  return *p + recurse (array);
}

char *program_name;

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  program_name = argv[0];
  c_stack_action (c_stack_die);
  return recurse ("\1");
}

#endif /* DEBUG */

/*
Local Variables:
compile-command: "gcc -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBUG \
  -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H -DHAVE_SIGINFO_T \
  -DHAVE_XSI_STACK_OVERFLOW_HEURISTIC -DHAVE_UNISTD_H \
  -Wall -W -g c-stack.c -o c-stack"
End:
*/