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1897 y(Section)f(9.4)i([Supp)s(orted)c(languages],)j(page)g(75.)41
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2602 y(similar)28 b(features)i(using)f(P)m(ascal)i(syn)m(tax.)275
2736 y(GDB)h(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h(debug)e(programs)h(written)f(in)
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b(and)g(in)g(Ob)5 b(jectiv)m(e-C)p Fo(++)p Fu(,)24 b(using)150
3088 y(either)30 b(the)g(Apple/NeXT)g(or)h(the)f(GNU)h(Ob)5
b(jectiv)m(e-C)31 b(run)m(time.)150 3341 y Fs(F)-11 b(ree)45
b(soft)l(w)l(are)275 3533 y Fu(GDB)36 b(is)f Fn(free)g(soft)m(w)m(are)p
Fu(,)k(protected)d(b)m(y)g(the)f Ft(gnu)h Fu(General)f(Public)e
(License)j(\(GPL\).)g(The)f(GPL)150 3642 y(giv)m(es)k(y)m(ou)h(the)f
(freedom)f(to)i(cop)m(y)g(or)f(adapt)g(a)g(licensed)f(program|but)g(ev)
m(ery)h(p)s(erson)f(getting)i(a)150 3752 y(cop)m(y)35
b(also)g(gets)h(with)d(it)i(the)g(freedom)f(to)i(mo)s(dify)d(that)i
(cop)m(y)g(\(whic)m(h)f(means)h(that)g(they)g(m)m(ust)g(get)150
3862 y(access)g(to)f(the)f(source)h(co)s(de\),)h(and)d(the)i(freedom)f
(to)h(distribute)d(further)h(copies.)49 b(T)m(ypical)32
b(soft)m(w)m(are)150 3971 y(companies)38 b(use)f(cop)m(yrigh)m(ts)i(to)
f(limit)e(y)m(our)i(freedoms;)k(the)c(F)-8 b(ree)39 b(Soft)m(w)m(are)g
(F)-8 b(oundation)38 b(uses)g(the)150 4081 y(GPL)30 b(to)h(preserv)m(e)
g(these)g(freedoms.)275 4214 y(F)-8 b(undamen)m(tally)g(,)34
b(the)g(General)g(Public)d(License)j(is)f(a)h(license)f(whic)m(h)f(sa)m
(ys)j(that)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(these)150 4324 y(freedoms)30
b(and)g(that)h(y)m(ou)g(cannot)g(tak)m(e)g(these)g(freedoms)f(a)m(w)m
(a)m(y)j(from)d(an)m(y)m(one)h(else.)150 4577 y Fs(Con)l(tributors)46
b(to)f(GDB)275 4768 y Fu(Ric)m(hard)34 b(Stallman)h(w)m(as)h(the)g
(original)e(author)i(of)g(GDB,)h(and)e(of)h(man)m(y)g(other)g
Ft(gnu)g Fu(programs.)150 4878 y(Man)m(y)g(others)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(con)m
(tributed)e(to)h(its)f(dev)m(elopmen)m(t.)57 b(This)34
b(section)i(attempts)g(to)h(credit)e(ma)5 b(jor)150 4988
y(con)m(tributors.)59 b(One)36 b(of)g(the)h(virtues)f(of)g(free)h(soft)
m(w)m(are)h(is)e(that)h(ev)m(ery)m(one)h(is)e(free)h(to)g(con)m
(tribute)f(to)150 5097 y(it;)31 b(with)e(regret,)j(w)m(e)f(cannot)g
(actually)g(ac)m(kno)m(wledge)h(ev)m(ery)m(one)g(here.)42
b(The)30 b(\014le)g(`)p Fo(ChangeLog)p Fu(')e(in)i(the)150
5207 y(GDB)h(distribution)c(appro)m(ximates)k(a)f(blo)m(w-b)m(y-blo)m
(w)g(accoun)m(t.)275 5340 y(Changes)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(prior)f(to)i(v)m
(ersion)f(2.0)h(are)g(lost)f(in)f(the)i(mists)e(of)i(time.)p
eop
2 3 bop 150 -116 a Fu(2)2689 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fr(Ple)-5 b(a:)45 b Fu(Additions)27 b(to)i(this)e(section)i(are)g
(particularly)d(w)m(elcome.)41 b(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(or)g(y)m(our)f
(friends)390 403 y(\(or)36 b(enemies,)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(ev)m(enhanded\))h
(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(unfairly)d(omitted)j(from)f(this)g(list,)h(w)m
(e)390 506 y(w)m(ould)29 b(lik)m(e)h(to)h(add)f(y)m(our)g(names!)275
642 y(So)c(that)g(they)h(ma)m(y)f(not)h(regard)f(their)f(man)m(y)h(lab)
s(ors)f(as)h(thankless,)g(w)m(e)h(particularly)d(thank)h(those)150
752 y(who)34 b(shepherded)f(GDB)j(through)e(ma)5 b(jor)35
b(releases:)49 b(Jim)33 b(Blandy)h(\(release)h(4.18\);)k(Jason)c
(Molenda)150 861 y(\(release)40 b(4.17\);)46 b(Stan)40
b(Shebs)e(\(release)i(4.14\);)46 b(F)-8 b(red)40 b(Fish)e(\(releases)i
(4.16,)k(4.15,)f(4.13,)h(4.12,)f(4.11,)150 971 y(4.10,)34
b(and)e(4.9\);)i(Stu)d(Grossman)h(and)f(John)h(Gilmore)f(\(releases)h
(4.8,)i(4.7,)f(4.6,)h(4.5,)g(and)d(4.4\);)k(John)150
1081 y(Gilmore)c(\(releases)i(4.3,)g(4.2,)h(4.1,)g(4.0,)g(and)d(3.9\);)
k(Jim)c(Kingdon)f(\(releases)j(3.5,)h(3.4,)f(and)f(3.3\);)j(and)150
1190 y(Randy)30 b(Smith)e(\(releases)j(3.2,)h(3.1,)g(and)d(3.0\).)275
1326 y(Ric)m(hard)47 b(Stallman,)52 b(assisted)d(at)g(v)-5
b(arious)48 b(times)g(b)m(y)h(P)m(eter)g(T)-8 b(erMaat,)56
b(Chris)46 b(Hanson,)54 b(and)150 1436 y(Ric)m(hard)29
b(Mlynarik,)g(handled)g(releases)h(through)g(2.8.)275
1571 y(Mic)m(hael)25 b(Tiemann)e(is)i(the)g(author)g(of)g(most)h(of)f
(the)g Ft(gnu)g Fu(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(supp)s(ort)g(in)g(GDB,)i(with)e
(signi\014can)m(t)150 1681 y(additional)35 b(con)m(tributions)h(from)g
(P)m(er)i(Bothner.)61 b(James)37 b(Clark)f(wrote)i(the)f
Ft(gnu)g Fu(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(demangler.)150 1790 y(Early)27
b(w)m(ork)h(on)g(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(w)m(as)h(b)m(y)g(P)m(eter)h(T)-8
b(erMaat)30 b(\(who)e(also)g(did)e(m)m(uc)m(h)i(general)g(up)s(date)f
(w)m(ork)h(leading)150 1900 y(to)j(release)g(3.0\).)275
2036 y(GDB)k(4)g(uses)f(the)g(BFD)i(subroutine)c(library)g(to)j
(examine)f(m)m(ultiple)e(ob)5 b(ject-\014le)35 b(formats;)i(BFD)150
2145 y(w)m(as)29 b(a)h(join)m(t)e(pro)5 b(ject)30 b(of)f(Da)m(vid)g(V.)
g(Henk)m(el-W)-8 b(allace,)32 b(Ric)m(h)c(Pixley)-8 b(,)29
b(Stev)m(e)h(Cham)m(b)s(erlain,)c(and)j(John)150 2255
y(Gilmore.)275 2391 y(Da)m(vid)d(Johnson)e(wrote)j(the)f(original)e
(COFF)i(supp)s(ort;)g(P)m(ace)h(Willison)c(did)h(the)j(original)d(supp)
s(ort)150 2500 y(for)30 b(encapsulated)g(COFF.)275 2636
y(Bren)m(t)h(Benson)f(of)h(Harris)e(Computer)g(Systems)h(con)m
(tributed)g(D)m(W)-10 b(ARF)32 b(2)f(supp)s(ort.)275
2772 y(Adam)22 b(de)h(Bo)s(or)g(and)f(Bradley)g(Da)m(vis)h(con)m
(tributed)f(the)h(ISI)f(Optim)m(um)f(V)i(supp)s(ort.)36
b(P)m(er)24 b(Bothner,)150 2882 y(Nob)s(o)m(yuki)39 b(Hikic)m(hi,)h
(and)e(Alessandro)h(F)-8 b(orin)39 b(con)m(tributed)f(MIPS)h(supp)s
(ort.)66 b(Jean-Daniel)39 b(F)-8 b(ek)m(ete)150 2991
y(con)m(tributed)40 b(Sun)g(386i)h(supp)s(ort.)71 b(Chris)39
b(Hanson)i(impro)m(v)m(ed)f(the)h(HP9000)i(supp)s(ort.)71
b(Nob)s(o)m(yuki)150 3101 y(Hikic)m(hi)36 b(and)g(T)-8
b(omo)m(yuki)37 b(Hasei)h(con)m(tributed)e(Son)m(y/News)i(OS)e(3)i
(supp)s(ort.)60 b(Da)m(vid)37 b(Johnson)f(con-)150 3210
y(tributed)43 b(Encore)i(Umax)g(supp)s(ort.)82 b(Jyrki)44
b(Kuoppala)f(con)m(tributed)h(Altos)h(3068)i(supp)s(ort.)82
b(Je\013)150 3320 y(La)m(w)38 b(con)m(tributed)e(HP)h(P)-8
b(A)38 b(and)f(SOM)g(supp)s(ort.)59 b(Keith)37 b(P)m(ac)m(k)-5
b(ard)38 b(con)m(tributed)f(NS32K)g(supp)s(ort.)150 3429
y(Doug)47 b(Rabson)e(con)m(tributed)g(Acorn)h(Risc)f(Mac)m(hine)h(supp)
s(ort.)86 b(Bob)46 b(Rusk)f(con)m(tributed)g(Harris)150
3539 y(Nigh)m(tha)m(wk)40 b(CX-UX)h(supp)s(ort.)68 b(Chris)38
b(Smith)g(con)m(tributed)h(Con)m(v)m(ex)i(supp)s(ort)d(\(and)i(F)-8
b(ortran)41 b(de-)150 3649 y(bugging\).)70 b(Jonathan)41
b(Stone)f(con)m(tributed)g(Pyramid)f(supp)s(ort.)69 b(Mic)m(hael)41
b(Tiemann)e(con)m(tributed)150 3758 y(SP)-8 b(AR)m(C)32
b(supp)s(ort.)45 b(Tim)31 b(T)-8 b(uc)m(k)m(er)34 b(con)m(tributed)d
(supp)s(ort)g(for)h(the)g(Gould)g(NP1)h(and)e(Gould)h(P)m(o)m(w)m(ern-)
150 3868 y(o)s(de.)65 b(P)m(ace)40 b(Willison)c(con)m(tributed)i(In)m
(tel)g(386)i(supp)s(ort.)64 b(Ja)m(y)39 b(V)-8 b(osburgh)38
b(con)m(tributed)g(Symmetry)150 3977 y(supp)s(ort.)275
4113 y(Andreas)29 b(Sc)m(h)m(w)m(ab)i(con)m(tributed)f(M68K)h(Lin)m(ux)
e(supp)s(ort.)275 4249 y(Ric)m(h)g(Sc)m(haefer)i(and)f(P)m(eter)h(Sc)m
(hauer)g(help)s(ed)d(with)h(supp)s(ort)g(of)h(SunOS)e(shared)i
(libraries.)275 4385 y(Ja)m(y)40 b(F)-8 b(enlason)41
b(and)e(Roland)h(McGrath)h(ensured)e(that)i(GDB)g(and)f(GAS)g(agree)i
(ab)s(out)e(sev)m(eral)150 4494 y(mac)m(hine)30 b(instruction)e(sets.)
275 4630 y(P)m(atric)m(k)39 b(Duv)-5 b(al,)42 b(T)-8
b(ed)39 b(Goldstein,)h(Vikram)e(Kok)-5 b(a)40 b(and)e(Glenn)g(Engel)h
(help)s(ed)e(dev)m(elop)i(remote)150 4740 y(debugging.)51
b(In)m(tel)34 b(Corp)s(oration,)g(Wind)e(Riv)m(er)i(Systems,)h(AMD,)g
(and)e(ARM)i(con)m(tributed)e(remote)150 4849 y(debugging)c(mo)s(dules)
g(for)h(the)h(i960,)g(VxW)-8 b(orks,)31 b(A29K)g(UDI,)g(and)f(RDI)h
(targets,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)275 4985 y(Brian)39
b(F)-8 b(o)m(x)42 b(is)d(the)h(author)g(of)g(the)g(readline)f
(libraries)e(pro)m(viding)h(command-line)h(editing)g(and)150
5095 y(command)30 b(history)-8 b(.)275 5230 y(Andrew)31
b(Beers)i(of)g(SUNY)g(Bu\013alo)g(wrote)g(the)g(language-switc)m(hing)f
(co)s(de,)i(the)e(Mo)s(dula-2)h(sup-)150 5340 y(p)s(ort,)d(and)g(con)m
(tributed)f(the)i(Languages)g(c)m(hapter)g(of)g(this)e(man)m(ual.)p
eop
3 4 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Summary)29 b(of)h(GDB)2836 b(3)275
299 y(F)-8 b(red)46 b(Fish)g(wrote)h(most)g(of)g(the)g(supp)s(ort)e
(for)i(Unix)e(System)i(V)-8 b(r4.)90 b(He)48 b(also)e(enhanced)h(the)
150 408 y(command-completion)30 b(supp)s(ort)e(to)k(co)m(v)m(er)g(C)p
Fo(++)d Fu(o)m(v)m(erloaded)i(sym)m(b)s(ols.)275 543
y(Hitac)m(hi)e(America,)g(Ltd.)40 b(sp)s(onsored)28 b(the)h(supp)s(ort)
f(for)h(H8/300,)j(H8/500,)g(and)c(Sup)s(er-H)g(pro)s(ces-)150
653 y(sors.)275 787 y(NEC)i(sp)s(onsored)f(the)h(supp)s(ort)f(for)h
(the)g(v850,)i(V)-8 b(r4xxx,)31 b(and)f(V)-8 b(r5xxx)31
b(pro)s(cessors.)275 922 y(Mitsubishi)c(sp)s(onsored)h(the)j(supp)s
(ort)e(for)h(D10V,)i(D30V,)g(and)e(M32R/D)i(pro)s(cessors.)275
1056 y(T)-8 b(oshiba)29 b(sp)s(onsored)g(the)h(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(the)h
(TX39)g(Mips)e(pro)s(cessor.)275 1191 y(Matsushita)h(sp)s(onsored)f
(the)h(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(the)h(MN10200)i(and)c(MN10300)34
b(pro)s(cessors.)275 1325 y(F)-8 b(ujitsu)29 b(sp)s(onsored)g(the)h
(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(SP)-8 b(AR)m(Clite)30 b(and)g(FR30)h(pro)s(cessors)
275 1460 y(Kung)e(Hsu,)h(Je\013)h(La)m(w,)g(and)e(Ric)m(k)i(Sladk)m(ey)
e(added)h(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(hardw)m(are)g(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts.)275
1594 y(Mic)m(hael)g(Sn)m(yder)f(added)h(supp)s(ort)e(for)j(tracep)s
(oin)m(ts.)275 1729 y(Stu)e(Grossman)h(wrote)h(gdbserv)m(er.)275
1863 y(Jim)i(Kingdon,)h(P)m(eter)i(Sc)m(hauer,)g(Ian)e(T)-8
b(a)m(ylor,)36 b(and)e(Stu)g(Grossman)h(made)g(nearly)e(inn)m(umerable)
150 1973 y(bug)d(\014xes)g(and)g(clean)m(ups)f(throughout)h(GDB.)275
2107 y(The)e(follo)m(wing)f(p)s(eople)h(at)h(the)g(Hewlett-P)m(ac)m(k)
-5 b(ard)31 b(Compan)m(y)d(con)m(tributed)g(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(the)h(P)
-8 b(A-)150 2217 y(RISC)26 b(2.0)j(arc)m(hitecture,)g(HP-UX)f(10.20,)j
(10.30,)f(and)d(11.0)i(\(narro)m(w)e(mo)s(de\),)i(HP's)e(implemen)m
(tation)150 2326 y(of)e(k)m(ernel)f(threads,)i(HP's)e(aC)p
Fo(++)g Fu(compiler,)h(and)f(the)h(terminal)e(user)h(in)m(terface:)38
b(Ben)25 b(Krepp,)g(Ric)m(hard)150 2436 y(Title,)32 b(John)g(Bishop,)g
(Susan)f(Macc)m(hia,)k(Kath)m(y)d(Mann,)h(Satish)f(P)m(ai,)h(India)e(P)
m(aul,)i(Stev)m(e)g(Rehrauer,)150 2545 y(and)d(Elena)g(Zannoni.)38
b(Kim)29 b(Haase)j(pro)m(vided)d(HP-sp)s(eci\014c)h(information)e(in)h
(this)h(man)m(ual.)275 2680 y(Cygn)m(us)j(Solutions)f(has)i(sp)s
(onsored)e(GDB)j(main)m(tenance)f(and)g(m)m(uc)m(h)g(of)g(its)f(dev)m
(elopmen)m(t)i(since)150 2790 y(1991.)55 b(Cygn)m(us)34
b(engineers)g(who)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(w)m(ork)m(ed)f(on)g(GDB)h(fulltime)c
(include)g(Mark)j(Alexander,)g(Jim)150 2899 y(Blandy)-8
b(,)36 b(P)m(er)g(Bothner,)g(Edith)e(Epstein,)h(Chris)e(F)-8
b(a)m(ylor,)38 b(F)-8 b(red)36 b(Fish,)f(Martin)g(Hun)m(t,)h(Jim)e
(Ingham,)150 3009 y(John)j(Gilmore,)h(Stu)f(Grossman,)i(Kung)e(Hsu,)i
(Jim)d(Kingdon,)i(John)f(Metzler,)j(F)-8 b(ernando)37
b(Nasser,)150 3118 y(Geo\013rey)24 b(No)s(er,)h(Da)m(wn)e(P)m(erc)m
(hik,)i(Ric)m(h)d(Pixley)-8 b(,)24 b(Zdenek)e(Radouc)m(h,)i(Keith)f
(Seitz,)h(Stan)f(Shebs,)g(Da)m(vid)150 3228 y(T)-8 b(a)m(ylor,)28
b(and)f(Elena)g(Zannoni.)38 b(In)27 b(addition,)f(Da)m(v)m(e)k(Brolley)
-8 b(,)27 b(Ian)h(Carmic)m(hael,)f(Stev)m(e)h(Cham)m(b)s(erlain,)150
3337 y(Nic)m(k)d(Clifton,)g(JT)f(Conklin,)f(Stan)i(Co)m(x,)i(DJ)e
(Delorie,)h(Ulric)m(h)d(Drepp)s(er,)i(F)-8 b(rank)25
b(Eigler,)g(Doug)h(Ev)-5 b(ans,)150 3447 y(Sean)22 b(F)-8
b(agan,)25 b(Da)m(vid)d(Henk)m(el-W)-8 b(allace,)25 b(Ric)m(hard)c
(Henderson,)i(Je\013)f(Holcom)m(b,)i(Je\013)e(La)m(w,)i(Jim)d(Lemk)m
(e,)150 3557 y(T)-8 b(om)27 b(Lord,)g(Bob)g(Manson,)g(Mic)m(hael)g
(Meissner,)f(Jason)h(Merrill,)e(Catherine)h(Mo)s(ore,)i(Drew)f(Moseley)
-8 b(,)150 3666 y(Ken)41 b(Raeburn,)i(Ga)m(vin)f(Romig-Ko)s(c)m(h,)j
(Rob)c(Sa)m(v)m(o)m(y)m(e,)47 b(Jamie)41 b(Smith,)i(Mik)m(e)f(Stump,)h
(Ian)e(T)-8 b(a)m(ylor,)150 3776 y(Angela)26 b(Thomas,)h(Mic)m(hael)f
(Tiemann,)g(T)-8 b(om)26 b(T)-8 b(romey)g(,)28 b(Ron)e(Unrau,)h(Jim)d
(Wilson,)i(and)g(Da)m(vid)g(Zuhn)150 3885 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32
b(made)e(con)m(tributions)f(b)s(oth)g(large)i(and)f(small.)p
eop
4 5 bop 150 -116 a Fu(4)2689 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)p
eop
5 6 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(1:)41 b(A)30 b(Sample)g(GDB)h
(Session)2153 b(5)150 299 y Fp(1)80 b(A)54 b(Sample)g(GDB)f(Session)275
509 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)39 b(can)h(use)f(this)f(man)m(ual)h(at)h(y)m(our)f
(leisure)f(to)i(read)f(all)f(ab)s(out)h(GDB.)i(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(a)39
b(handful)150 618 y(of)33 b(commands)e(are)i(enough)f(to)h(get)h
(started)f(using)e(the)h(debugger.)46 b(This)31 b(c)m(hapter)i
(illustrates)d(those)150 728 y(commands.)275 858 y(In)25
b(this)g(sample)h(session,)h(w)m(e)f(emphasize)g(user)g(input)f(lik)m
(e)g(this:)38 b Fm(input)p Fu(,)26 b(to)i(mak)m(e)f(it)f(easier)g(to)h
(pic)m(k)150 967 y(out)k(from)f(the)g(surrounding)d(output.)275
1097 y(One)42 b(of)i(the)f(preliminary)d(v)m(ersions)j(of)g
Ft(gnu)g Fo(m4)g Fu(\(a)h(generic)f(macro)h(pro)s(cessor\))f(exhibits)f
(the)150 1206 y(follo)m(wing)22 b(bug:)37 b(sometimes,)25
b(when)d(w)m(e)i(c)m(hange)h(its)e(quote)h(strings)e(from)i(the)f
(default,)i(the)e(commands)150 1316 y(used)i(to)h(capture)f(one)h
(macro)g(de\014nition)d(within)g(another)i(stop)h(w)m(orking.)38
b(In)25 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)d(short)j Fo(m4)150 1426
y Fu(session,)j(w)m(e)h(de\014ne)e(a)i(macro)g Fo(foo)e
Fu(whic)m(h)g(expands)g(to)i Fo(0000)p Fu(;)f(w)m(e)h(then)f(use)g(the)
g Fo(m4)g Fu(built-in)d Fo(defn)i Fu(to)150 1535 y(de\014ne)i
Fo(bar)f Fu(as)i(the)g(same)g(thing.)40 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33
b(when)c(w)m(e)i(c)m(hange)h(the)e(op)s(en)g(quote)h(string)f(to)h
Fo(<QUOTE>)150 1645 y Fu(and)c(the)h(close)g(quote)g(string)f(to)h
Fo(<UNQUOTE>)p Fu(,)e(the)i(same)g(pro)s(cedure)f(fails)f(to)i
(de\014ne)f(a)h(new)f(synon)m(ym)150 1754 y Fo(baz)p
Fu(:)390 1878 y Fo($)47 b Fm(cd)31 b(gn)m(u/m4)390 1982
y Fo($)47 b Fm(./m4)390 2086 y(de\014ne\(fo)s(o,0000\))390
2293 y(fo)s(o)390 2397 y Fo(0000)390 2501 y Fm(de\014ne\(bar,defn\(`fo)
s(o'\)\))390 2708 y(bar)390 2812 y Fo(0000)390 2916 y
Fm(c)m(hangequote\()p Fo(<)p Fm(QUOTE)p Fo(>)p Fm(,)p
Fo(<)p Fm(UNQUOTE)p Fo(>)p Fm(\))390 3123 y(de\014ne\(baz,defn\()p
Fo(<)p Fm(QUOTE)p Fo(>)p Fm(fo)s(o)p Fo(<)p Fm(UNQUOTE)p
Fo(>)p Fm(\)\))390 3227 y(baz)390 3331 y(C-d)390 3435
y Fo(m4:)g(End)g(of)g(input:)f(0:)h(fatal)g(error:)f(EOF)h(in)g(string)
150 3564 y Fu(Let)31 b(us)f(use)g(GDB)h(to)g(try)f(to)i(see)f(what)f
(is)f(going)i(on.)390 3688 y Fo($)47 b Fm(gdb)30 b(m4)390
3792 y Fo(GDB)47 b(is)g(free)g(software)e(and)i(you)g(are)g(welcome)f
(to)h(distribute)e(copies)438 3896 y(of)i(it)g(under)f(certain)g
(conditions;)f(type)i("show)f(copying")g(to)h(see)438
4000 y(the)g(conditions.)390 4103 y(There)f(is)i(absolutely)d(no)i
(warranty)e(for)i(GDB;)g(type)f("show)h(warranty")438
4207 y(for)g(details.)390 4415 y(GDB)g(19990707,)e(Copyright)g(1999)i
(Free)g(Software)e(Foundation,)g(Inc...)390 4519 y(\(gdb\))150
4648 y Fu(GDB)40 b(reads)e(only)g(enough)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)f(data)i(to)h
(kno)m(w)e(where)g(to)h(\014nd)e(the)i(rest)g(when)e(needed;)43
b(as)c(a)150 4758 y(result,)28 b(the)h(\014rst)f(prompt)g(comes)h(up)f
(v)m(ery)h(quic)m(kly)-8 b(.)39 b(W)-8 b(e)30 b(no)m(w)f(tell)e(GDB)j
(to)g(use)e(a)h(narro)m(w)m(er)g(displa)m(y)150 4867
y(width)g(than)h(usual,)f(so)h(that)h(examples)f(\014t)g(in)g(this)f
(man)m(ual.)390 4991 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(set)31 b(width)f(70)150
5121 y Fu(W)-8 b(e)35 b(need)e(to)i(see)f(ho)m(w)g(the)g
Fo(m4)f Fu(built-in)e Fo(changequote)f Fu(w)m(orks.)51
b(Ha)m(ving)34 b(lo)s(ok)m(ed)g(at)h(the)e(source,)i(w)m(e)150
5230 y(kno)m(w)k(the)g(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)39 b(subroutine)d(is)i
Fo(m4_changequote)p Fu(,)f(so)i(w)m(e)g(set)h(a)f(breakp)s(oin)m(t)e
(there)i(with)f(the)150 5340 y(GDB)31 b Fo(break)e Fu(command.)p
eop
6 7 bop 150 -116 a Fu(6)2689 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(break)31 b(m4)p 1057 299 28
5 v 33 w(c)m(hangequote)390 403 y Fo(Breakpoint)45 b(1)i(at)h(0x62f4:)d
(file)i(builtin.c,)e(line)i(879.)150 547 y Fu(Using)32
b(the)g Fo(run)g Fu(command,)h(w)m(e)g(start)g Fo(m4)f
Fu(running)e(under)h(GDB)i(con)m(trol;)i(as)d(long)h(as)f(con)m(trol)h
(do)s(es)150 657 y(not)e(reac)m(h)g(the)f Fo(m4_changequote)d
Fu(subroutine,)h(the)j(program)f(runs)f(as)h(usual:)390
796 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(run)390 900 y Fo(Starting)g(program:)f
(/work/Editorial/gdb/gnu/m)o(4/m)o(4)390 1004 y Fm(de\014ne\(fo)s
(o,0000\))390 1211 y(fo)s(o)390 1315 y Fo(0000)150 1460
y Fu(T)-8 b(o)28 b(trigger)f(the)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)g(w)m(e)g(call)g
Fo(changequote)p Fu(.)36 b(GDB)28 b(susp)s(ends)d(execution)i(of)g
Fo(m4)p Fu(,)h(displa)m(ying)150 1569 y(information)h(ab)s(out)h(the)g
(con)m(text)j(where)c(it)h(stops.)390 1708 y Fm(c)m(hangequote\()p
Fo(<)p Fm(QUOTE)p Fo(>)p Fm(,)p Fo(<)p Fm(UNQUOTE)p Fo(>)p
Fm(\))390 1916 y Fo(Breakpoint)45 b(1,)i(m4_changequote)d(\(argc=3,)i
(argv=0x33c70\))581 2020 y(at)h(builtin.c:879)390 2124
y(879)429 b(if)47 b(\(bad_argc\(TOKEN_DATA_TEX)o(T\(ar)o(gv[)o(0]\),)o
(argc)o(,1,)o(3\)\))150 2268 y Fu(No)m(w)38 b(w)m(e)f(use)g(the)h
(command)e Fo(n)h Fu(\()p Fo(next)p Fu(\))g(to)h(adv)-5
b(ance)37 b(execution)h(to)g(the)f(next)g(line)f(of)h(the)g(curren)m(t)
150 2378 y(function.)390 2517 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(n)390
2621 y Fo(882)429 b(set_quotes\(\(argc)43 b(>=)k(2\))g(?)h
(TOKEN_DATA_TEXT\(argv[1]\))o(\\)438 2725 y(:)f(nil,)150
2869 y(set_quotes)28 b Fu(lo)s(oks)i(lik)m(e)h(a)g(promising)e
(subroutine.)40 b(W)-8 b(e)32 b(can)f(go)h(in)m(to)f(it)f(b)m(y)h
(using)e(the)j(command)e Fo(s)150 2979 y Fu(\()p Fo(step)p
Fu(\))h(instead)g(of)h Fo(next)p Fu(.)43 b Fo(step)31
b Fu(go)s(es)h(to)g(the)g(next)g(line)e(to)i(b)s(e)f(executed)i(in)d
Fr(any)40 b Fu(subroutine,)31 b(so)g(it)150 3089 y(steps)f(in)m(to)h
Fo(set_quotes)p Fu(.)390 3228 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(s)390
3331 y Fo(set_quotes)f(\(lq=0x34c78)g("<QUOTE>",)g(rq=0x34c88)g
("<UNQUOTE>"\))581 3435 y(at)i(input.c:530)390 3539 y(530)429
b(if)47 b(\(lquote)f(!=)h(def_lquote\))150 3684 y Fu(The)34
b(displa)m(y)e(that)j(sho)m(ws)f(the)g(subroutine)f(where)g
Fo(m4)h Fu(is)f(no)m(w)i(susp)s(ended)c(\(and)j(its)g(argumen)m(ts\))h
(is)150 3793 y(called)30 b(a)i(stac)m(k)g(frame)f(displa)m(y)-8
b(.)42 b(It)31 b(sho)m(ws)g(a)h(summary)e(of)h(the)g(stac)m(k.)45
b(W)-8 b(e)32 b(can)f(use)g(the)g Fo(backtrace)150 3903
y Fu(command)g(\(whic)m(h)g(can)h(also)f(b)s(e)g(sp)s(elled)e
Fo(bt)p Fu(\),)j(to)g(see)g(where)f(w)m(e)h(are)g(in)e(the)i(stac)m(k)h
(as)f(a)g(whole:)42 b(the)150 4013 y Fo(backtrace)28
b Fu(command)i(displa)m(ys)e(a)j(stac)m(k)h(frame)e(for)g(eac)m(h)i
(activ)m(e)g(subroutine.)390 4152 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(bt)390
4255 y Fo(#0)95 b(set_quotes)45 b(\(lq=0x34c78)g("<QUOTE>",)g
(rq=0x34c88)g("<UNQUOTE>"\))581 4359 y(at)i(input.c:530)390
4463 y(#1)95 b(0x6344)46 b(in)h(m4_changequote)d(\(argc=3,)i
(argv=0x33c70\))581 4567 y(at)h(builtin.c:882)390 4670
y(#2)95 b(0x8174)46 b(in)h(expand_macro)e(\(sym=0x33320\))f(at)j
(macro.c:242)390 4774 y(#3)95 b(0x7a88)46 b(in)h(expand_token)e
(\(obs=0x0,)g(t=209696,)g(td=0xf7fffa30\))581 4878 y(at)i(macro.c:71)
390 4982 y(#4)95 b(0x79dc)46 b(in)h(expand_input)e(\(\))i(at)g
(macro.c:40)390 5086 y(#5)95 b(0x2930)46 b(in)h(main)g(\(argc=0,)e
(argv=0xf7fffb20\))f(at)j(m4.c:195)150 5230 y Fu(W)-8
b(e)29 b(step)f(through)g(a)g(few)g(more)g(lines)e(to)j(see)g(what)e
(happ)s(ens.)39 b(The)27 b(\014rst)g(t)m(w)m(o)j(times,)e(w)m(e)g(can)h
(use)f(`)p Fo(s)p Fu(';)150 5340 y(the)j(next)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(times)e(w)m
(e)h(use)f Fo(n)g Fu(to)h(a)m(v)m(oid)g(falling)d(in)m(to)i(the)h
Fo(xstrdup)d Fu(subroutine.)p eop
7 8 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(1:)41 b(A)30 b(Sample)g(GDB)h
(Session)2153 b(7)390 299 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(s)390
403 y Fo(0x3b5c)94 b(532)429 b(if)47 b(\(rquote)f(!=)h(def_rquote\))390
506 y(\(gdb\))f Fm(s)390 610 y Fo(0x3b80)94 b(535)429
b(lquote)46 b(=)h(\(lq)g(==)g(nil)g(||)g(*lq)g(==)g('\\0'\))g(?)95
b(\\)390 714 y(def_lquote)45 b(:)i(xstrdup\(lq\);)390
818 y(\(gdb\))f Fm(n)390 922 y Fo(536)429 b(rquote)46
b(=)h(\(rq)g(==)g(nil)g(||)g(*rq)g(==)h('\\0'\))e(?)h(def_rquote\\)438
1025 y(:)g(xstrdup\(rq\);)390 1129 y(\(gdb\))f Fm(n)390
1233 y Fo(538)429 b(len_lquote)45 b(=)i(strlen\(rquote\);)150
1368 y Fu(The)28 b(last)g(line)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(lo)s(oks)h(a)h
(little)e(o)s(dd;)h(w)m(e)h(can)g(examine)f(the)h(v)-5
b(ariables)27 b Fo(lquote)g Fu(and)h Fo(rquote)150 1477
y Fu(to)33 b(see)g(if)f(they)g(are)h(in)e(fact)j(the)e(new)g(left)h
(and)e(righ)m(t)h(quotes)h(w)m(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)46
b(W)-8 b(e)33 b(use)f(the)h(command)150 1587 y Fo(p)d
Fu(\()p Fo(print)p Fu(\))g(to)h(see)g(their)e(v)-5 b(alues.)390
1716 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(p)30 b(lquote)390 1820 y Fo($1)47
b(=)h(0x35d40)d("<QUOTE>")390 1924 y(\(gdb\))h Fm(p)30
b(rquote)390 2028 y Fo($2)47 b(=)h(0x35d50)d("<UNQUOTE>")150
2163 y(lquote)29 b Fu(and)h Fo(rquote)f Fu(are)j(indeed)d(the)i(new)f
(left)h(and)f(righ)m(t)g(quotes.)43 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(lo)s(ok)g(at)g
(some)g(con)m(text,)i(w)m(e)150 2272 y(can)e(displa)m(y)d(ten)j(lines)d
(of)j(source)f(surrounding)e(the)i(curren)m(t)g(line)f(with)g(the)i
Fo(l)f Fu(\()p Fo(list)p Fu(\))g(command.)390 2401 y
Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(l)390 2505 y Fo(533)620 b(xfree\(rquote\);)390
2609 y(534)390 2713 y(535)429 b(lquote)46 b(=)h(\(lq)g(==)g(nil)g(||)g
(*lq)g(==)h('\\0'\))e(?)h(def_lquote\\)438 2817 y(:)g(xstrdup)f
(\(lq\);)390 2920 y(536)429 b(rquote)46 b(=)h(\(rq)g(==)g(nil)g(||)g
(*rq)g(==)h('\\0'\))e(?)h(def_rquote\\)438 3024 y(:)g(xstrdup)f
(\(rq\);)390 3128 y(537)390 3232 y(538)429 b(len_lquote)45
b(=)i(strlen\(rquote\);)390 3335 y(539)429 b(len_rquote)45
b(=)i(strlen\(lquote\);)390 3439 y(540)238 b(})390 3543
y(541)390 3647 y(542)g(void)150 3782 y Fu(Let)29 b(us)f(step)g(past)h
(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(lines)c(that)j(set)g Fo(len_lquote)d
Fu(and)i Fo(len_rquote)p Fu(,)e(and)i(then)h(examine)f(the)150
3891 y(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)g(those)h(v)-5 b(ariables.)390
4021 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(n)390 4124 y Fo(539)429 b(len_rquote)45
b(=)i(strlen\(lquote\);)390 4228 y(\(gdb\))f Fm(n)390
4332 y Fo(540)238 b(})390 4436 y(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(p)30
b(len)p 880 4436 28 5 v 33 w(lquote)390 4539 y Fo($3)47
b(=)h(9)390 4643 y(\(gdb\))e Fm(p)30 b(len)p 880 4643
V 33 w(rquote)390 4747 y Fo($4)47 b(=)h(7)150 4882 y
Fu(That)38 b(certainly)f(lo)s(oks)g(wrong,)i(assuming)d
Fo(len_lquote)f Fu(and)i Fo(len_rquote)e Fu(are)k(mean)m(t)f(to)h(b)s
(e)e(the)150 4992 y(lengths)c(of)h Fo(lquote)e Fu(and)h
Fo(rquote)f Fu(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)51 b(W)-8 b(e)35
b(can)f(set)g(them)g(to)g(b)s(etter)g(v)-5 b(alues)33
b(using)f(the)i Fo(p)150 5101 y Fu(command,)f(since)f(it)g(can)h(prin)m
(t)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g(an)m(y)h(expression|and)e(that)i
(expression)e(can)i(include)150 5211 y(subroutine)28
b(calls)i(and)g(assignmen)m(ts.)390 5340 y Fo(\(gdb\))46
b Fm(p)30 b(len)p 880 5340 V 33 w(lquote=strlen\(lquote\))p
eop
8 9 bop 150 -116 a Fu(8)2689 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fo($5)47 b(=)h(7)390 403 y(\(gdb\))e Fm(p)30 b(len)p
880 403 28 5 v 33 w(rquote=strlen\(rquote\))390 506 y
Fo($6)47 b(=)h(9)150 641 y Fu(Is)24 b(that)g(enough)g(to)h(\014x)e(the)
i(problem)d(of)i(using)f(the)h(new)f(quotes)i(with)e(the)h
Fo(m4)f Fu(built-in)e Fo(defn)p Fu(?)37 b(W)-8 b(e)26
b(can)150 751 y(allo)m(w)i Fo(m4)h Fu(to)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)g(executing)g
(with)f(the)h Fo(c)f Fu(\()p Fo(continue)p Fu(\))g(command,)h(and)f
(then)h(try)f(the)h(example)150 860 y(that)i(caused)f(trouble)g
(initially:)390 989 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(c)390 1093 y
Fo(Continuing.)390 1300 y Fm(de\014ne\(baz,defn\()p Fo(<)p
Fm(QUOTE)p Fo(>)p Fm(fo)s(o)p Fo(<)p Fm(UNQUOTE)p Fo(>)p
Fm(\)\))390 1508 y Fo(baz)390 1611 y(0000)150 1746 y
Fu(Success!)41 b(The)30 b(new)g(quotes)h(no)m(w)f(w)m(ork)h(just)f(as)g
(w)m(ell)g(as)g(the)h(default)f(ones.)41 b(The)30 b(problem)f(seems)h
(to)150 1856 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)d(just)h(the)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(t)m(yp)s
(os)e(de\014ning)f(the)h(wrong)g(lengths.)44 b(W)-8 b(e)32
b(allo)m(w)f Fo(m4)g Fu(exit)g(b)m(y)h(giving)e(it)h(an)150
1965 y(EOF)f(as)h(input:)390 2094 y Fm(C-d)390 2198 y
Fo(Program)46 b(exited)g(normally.)150 2332 y Fu(The)35
b(message)h(`)p Fo(Program)29 b(exited)g(normally.)p
Fu(')k(is)h(from)h(GDB;)h(it)f(indicates)f Fo(m4)h Fu(has)g(\014nished)
e(exe-)150 2442 y(cuting.)40 b(W)-8 b(e)32 b(can)e(end)g(our)g(GDB)h
(session)f(with)f(the)i(GDB)g Fo(quit)e Fu(command.)390
2570 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b Fm(quit)p eop
9 10 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(Getting)31
b(In)f(and)f(Out)h(of)h(GDB)1971 b(9)150 299 y Fp(2)80
b(Getting)53 b(In)h(and)g(Out)f(of)h(GDB)275 595 y Fu(This)28
b(c)m(hapter)j(discusses)e(ho)m(w)h(to)h(start)g(GDB,)h(and)e(ho)m(w)g
(to)h(get)h(out)e(of)h(it.)40 b(The)30 b(essen)m(tials)g(are:)225
750 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(t)m(yp)s(e)31 b(`)p Fo(gdb)p Fu(')f(to)h(start)g
(GDB.)225 895 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(t)m(yp)s(e)31 b Fl(quit)e
Fu(or)h Fl(C-d)g Fu(to)h(exit.)150 1204 y Fs(2.1)68 b(In)l(v)l(oking)46
b(GDB)275 1417 y Fu(In)m(v)m(ok)m(e)37 b(GDB)h(b)m(y)e(running)d(the)j
(program)g Fo(gdb)p Fu(.)58 b(Once)36 b(started,)i(GDB)g(reads)e
(commands)f(from)150 1527 y(the)c(terminal)d(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)i(tell)e
(it)h(to)h(exit.)275 1682 y(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(can)h(also)f(run)e
Fo(gdb)i Fu(with)e(a)j(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)32 b(of)h(argumen)m(ts)f(and)g
(options,)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)d(more)j(of)f(y)m(our)150
1791 y(debugging)d(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(at)h(the)g(outset.)275
1946 y(The)h(command-line)f(options)h(describ)s(ed)e(here)j(are)g
(designed)e(to)j(co)m(v)m(er)g(a)f(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)33
b(of)g(situations;)150 2056 y(in)c(some)i(en)m(vironmen)m(ts,)f(some)h
(of)f(these)h(options)f(ma)m(y)h(e\013ectiv)m(ely)g(b)s(e)f(una)m(v)-5
b(ailable.)275 2211 y(The)31 b(most)i(usual)d(w)m(a)m(y)j(to)g(start)g
(GDB)g(is)e(with)g(one)h(argumen)m(t,)i(sp)s(ecifying)29
b(an)j(executable)h(pro-)150 2321 y(gram:)390 2470 y
Fo(gdb)47 b Fn(program)150 2625 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)g(also)f(start)
h(with)e(b)s(oth)h(an)g(executable)h(program)f(and)g(a)g(core)i(\014le)
d(sp)s(eci\014ed:)390 2774 y Fo(gdb)47 b Fn(program)g(core)275
2930 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)37 b(can,)j(instead,)f(sp)s(ecify)d(a)h(pro)s(cess)
g(ID)h(as)g(a)f(second)h(argumen)m(t,)i(if)c(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g
(debug)f(a)150 3039 y(running)28 b(pro)s(cess:)390 3188
y Fo(gdb)47 b Fn(program)g Fo(1234)150 3344 y Fu(w)m(ould)34
b(attac)m(h)k(GDB)e(to)h(pro)s(cess)e Fo(1234)f Fu(\(unless)g(y)m(ou)i
(also)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)g(\014le)f(named)g(`)p Fo(1234)p
Fu(';)j(GDB)e(do)s(es)150 3453 y(c)m(hec)m(k)c(for)e(a)h(core)g(\014le)
e(\014rst\).)275 3608 y(T)-8 b(aking)32 b(adv)-5 b(an)m(tage)36
b(of)d(the)g(second)h(command-line)d(argumen)m(t)j(requires)e(a)i
(fairly)d(complete)j(op-)150 3718 y(erating)f(system;)h(when)d(y)m(ou)i
(use)g(GDB)g(as)g(a)g(remote)h(debugger)e(attac)m(hed)i(to)g(a)f(bare)f
(b)s(oard,)h(there)150 3827 y(ma)m(y)e(not)g(b)s(e)e(an)m(y)i(notion)f
(of)g(\\pro)s(cess",)h(and)f(there)h(is)e(often)i(no)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)f
(get)g(a)g(core)g(dump.)275 3983 y(Y)-8 b(ou)48 b(can)g(run)e
Fo(gdb)h Fu(without)g(prin)m(ting)e(the)j(fron)m(t)g(material,)k(whic)m
(h)46 b(describ)s(es)g(GDB's)j(non-)150 4092 y(w)m(arran)m(t)m(y)-8
b(,)32 b(b)m(y)e(sp)s(ecifying)f Fo(-silent)p Fu(:)390
4241 y Fo(gdb)47 b(-silent)150 4397 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)37
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1386 y Fu(A)38 b(GDB)i(command)f(is)f(a)h(single)e(line)g(of)i(input.)
64 b(There)38 b(is)g(no)h(limit)d(on)j(ho)m(w)g(long)f(it)g(can)h(b)s
(e.)150 1496 y(It)c(starts)g(with)f(a)h(command)f(name,)j(whic)m(h)c
(is)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(argumen)m(ts)g(whose)g(meaning)f(dep)s
(ends)150 1606 y(on)k(the)g(command)g(name.)63 b(F)-8
b(or)39 b(example,)h(the)e(command)g Fo(step)f Fu(accepts)i(an)f
(argumen)m(t)g(whic)m(h)f(is)150 1715 y(the)c(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i
(times)g(to)g(step,)h(as)f(in)e(`)p Fo(step)f(5)p Fu('.)48
b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)g(also)g(use)f(the)h Fo(step)f Fu(command)h(with)e
(no)150 1825 y(argumen)m(ts.)41 b(Some)30 b(command)h(names)f(do)g(not)
h(allo)m(w)f(an)m(y)g(argumen)m(ts.)275 1971 y(GDB)38
b(command)e(names)h(ma)m(y)h(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(b)s(e)e(truncated)h(if)f
(that)i(abbreviation)d(is)i(unam)m(biguous.)150 2080
y(Other)28 b(p)s(ossible)e(command)j(abbreviations)e(are)i(listed)e(in)
g(the)i(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(for)f(individual)c(com-)150
2190 y(mands.)38 b(In)23 b(some)i(cases,)h(ev)m(en)f(am)m(biguous)f
(abbreviations)f(are)h(allo)m(w)m(ed;)j(for)d(example,)h
Fo(s)f Fu(is)f(sp)s(ecially)150 2300 y(de\014ned)36 b(as)i(equiv)-5
b(alen)m(t)36 b(to)i Fo(step)e Fu(ev)m(en)i(though)f(there)h(are)g
(other)f(commands)g(whose)g(names)g(start)150 2409 y(with)29
b Fo(s)p Fu(.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)g(test)g(abbreviations)e(b)m(y)h
(using)f(them)i(as)f(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)g Fo(help)e
Fu(command.)275 2555 y(A)23 b(blank)f(line)f(as)j(input)d(to)j(GDB)g
(\(t)m(yping)f(just)1929 2552 y Fj(h)p 1953 2499 151
4 v 1953 2555 a Fi(RET)p 1953 2570 V 2100 2552 a Fj(i)2130
2555 y Fu(\))g(means)g(to)h(rep)s(eat)g(the)f(previous)f(command.)150
2665 y(Certain)28 b(commands)h(\(for)g(example,)g Fo(run)p
Fu(\))g(will)d(not)k(rep)s(eat)f(this)f(w)m(a)m(y;)i(these)g(are)f
(commands)g(whose)150 2774 y(unin)m(ten)m(tional)f(rep)s(etition)g
(migh)m(t)h(cause)h(trouble)f(and)g(whic)m(h)f(y)m(ou)i(are)g(unlik)m
(ely)d(to)k(w)m(an)m(t)f(to)g(rep)s(eat.)275 2920 y(The)c
Fo(list)f Fu(and)h Fo(x)g Fu(commands,)i(when)d(y)m(ou)i(rep)s(eat)g
(them)g(with)2505 2917 y Fj(h)p 2529 2864 V 2529 2920
a Fi(RET)p 2529 2936 V 2676 2917 a Fj(i)2706 2920 y Fu(,)g(construct)g
(new)g(argumen)m(ts)150 3030 y(rather)j(than)g(rep)s(eating)g(exactly)h
(as)g(t)m(yp)s(ed.)40 b(This)29 b(p)s(ermits)f(easy)j(scanning)f(of)g
(source)h(or)f(memory)-8 b(.)275 3176 y(GDB)28 b(can)h(also)e(use)1006
3173 y Fj(h)p 1030 3120 V 1030 3176 a Fi(RET)p 1030 3191
V 1177 3173 a Fj(i)1234 3176 y Fu(in)g(another)h(w)m(a)m(y:)40
b(to)29 b(partition)e(length)m(y)g(output,)h(in)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)h
(similar)c(to)150 3285 y(the)k(common)g(utilit)m(y)f
Fo(more)g Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(14.4)i([Screen)e(size],)g(page)h(141\).)
42 b(Since)28 b(it)g(is)g(easy)i(to)g(press)150 3395
y(one)311 3392 y Fj(h)p 336 3339 V 336 3395 a Fi(RET)p
336 3410 V 482 3392 a Fj(i)537 3395 y Fu(to)s(o)c(man)m(y)f(in)f(this)f
(situation,)j(GDB)g(disables)d(command)i(rep)s(etition)e(after)j(an)m
(y)f(command)150 3505 y(that)31 b(generates)h(this)d(sort)i(of)f
(displa)m(y)-8 b(.)275 3651 y(An)m(y)33 b(text)i(from)f(a)g
Fl(#)f Fu(to)i(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)g(line)e(is)h(a)h(commen)m(t;)j(it)
c(do)s(es)h(nothing.)50 b(This)32 b(is)h(useful)150 3760
y(mainly)c(in)g(command)h(\014les)f(\(see)i(Section)g(15.3)g([Command)f
(\014les],)g(page)h(145\).)150 4046 y Fs(3.2)68 b(Command)45
b(completion)275 4250 y Fu(GDB)29 b(can)g(\014ll)d(in)h(the)i(rest)g
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g(only)f(one)i(p)s(ossibilit)m(y;)150 4360 y(it)35 b(can)h(also)g(sho)m
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b(for)g(the)g(next)f(w)m(ord)h(in)e(a)i(command,)h(at)150
4469 y(an)m(y)30 b(time.)40 b(This)27 b(w)m(orks)j(for)f(GDB)h
(commands,)g(GDB)g(sub)s(commands,)e(and)h(the)h(names)f(of)g(sym)m(b)s
(ols)150 4579 y(in)g(y)m(our)h(program.)275 4725 y(Press)k(the)681
4722 y Fj(h)p 705 4669 148 4 v 705 4725 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p
705 4740 V 848 4722 a Fj(i)913 4725 y Fu(k)m(ey)36 b(whenev)m(er)f(y)m
(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(GDB)g(to)g(\014ll)d(out)j(the)f(rest)g(of)h(a)f(w)m
(ord.)55 b(If)35 b(there)g(is)150 4835 y(only)h(one)h(p)s(ossibilit)m
(y)-8 b(,)35 b(GDB)j(\014lls)c(in)i(the)g(w)m(ord,)j(and)d(w)m(aits)g
(for)h(y)m(ou)g(to)g(\014nish)d(the)j(command)g(\(or)150
4944 y(press)379 4941 y Fj(h)p 403 4888 151 4 v 403 4944
a Fi(RET)p 403 4960 V 549 4941 a Fj(i)610 4944 y Fu(to)31
b(en)m(ter)g(it\).)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(if)e(y)m(ou)i(t)m(yp)
s(e)390 5084 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(info)h(bre)1106 5081 y
Fj(h)p 1130 5028 148 4 v 1130 5084 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 1130
5100 V 1274 5081 a Fj(i)150 5230 y Fu(GDB)33 b(\014lls)e(in)f(the)j
(rest)f(of)h(the)f(w)m(ord)g(`)p Fo(breakpoints)p Fu(',)f(since)g(that)
i(is)f(the)g(only)g Fo(info)f Fu(sub)s(command)150 5340
y(b)s(eginning)d(with)h(`)p Fo(bre)p Fu(':)p eop
14 15 bop 150 -116 a Fu(14)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(info)h(breakpoints)150 437 y Fu(Y)-8
b(ou)49 b(can)g(either)f(press)1063 434 y Fj(h)p 1087
381 151 4 v 1087 437 a Fi(RET)p 1087 453 V 1234 434 a
Fj(i)1312 437 y Fu(at)i(this)d(p)s(oin)m(t,)53 b(to)c(run)e(the)i
Fo(info)29 b(breakpoints)46 b Fu(command,)53 b(or)150
547 y(bac)m(kspace)32 b(and)e(en)m(ter)i(something)e(else,)h(if)e(`)p
Fo(breakpoints)p Fu(')g(do)s(es)h(not)h(lo)s(ok)f(lik)m(e)g(the)h
(command)g(y)m(ou)150 657 y(exp)s(ected.)42 b(\(If)30
b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(ere)g(sure)f(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(ted)g Fo(info)e
(breakpoints)f Fu(in)h(the)i(\014rst)f(place,)g(y)m(ou)h(migh)m(t)g(as)
150 766 y(w)m(ell)26 b(just)h(t)m(yp)s(e)709 763 y Fj(h)p
733 710 V 733 766 a Fi(RET)p 733 781 V 880 763 a Fj(i)937
766 y Fu(immediately)e(after)j(`)p Fo(info)h(bre)p Fu(',)f(to)f
(exploit)g(command)f(abbreviations)g(rather)150 876 y(than)k(command)g
(completion\).)275 1014 y(If)23 b(there)h(is)g(more)g(than)g(one)g(p)s
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3004 1011 y Fj(h)p 3028 958 148 4 v 3028 1014 a Fi(T)-6
b(AB)p 3028 1030 V 3172 1011 a Fj(i)3202 1014 y Fu(,)25
b(GDB)g(sounds)150 1124 y(a)35 b(b)s(ell.)50 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35
b(can)f(either)g(supply)e(more)j(c)m(haracters)g(and)f(try)g(again,)i
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1124 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 3199 1139 V 3343 1121 a Fj(i)3407
1124 y Fu(a)35 b(second)150 1233 y(time;)42 b(GDB)d(displa)m(ys)d(all)h
(the)h(p)s(ossible)e(completions)h(for)g(that)i(w)m(ord.)63
b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)h(y)m(ou)e(migh)m(t)150 1343
y(w)m(an)m(t)d(to)f(set)g(a)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t)f(on)h(a)g(subroutine)d
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(y)m(ou)150 1453 y(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fl(b)d(make_)675 1450
y Fj(h)p 698 1397 V 698 1453 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 698 1468
V 841 1450 a Fj(i)904 1453 y Fu(GDB)33 b(just)g(sounds)e(the)i(b)s
(ell.)45 b(T)m(yping)2315 1450 y Fj(h)p 2339 1397 V 2339
1453 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 2339 1468 V 2483 1450 a Fj(i)2546
1453 y Fu(again)32 b(displa)m(ys)f(all)g(the)i(function)150
1562 y(names)d(in)f(y)m(our)i(program)f(that)h(b)s(egin)e(with)g(those)
i(c)m(haracters,)h(for)e(example:)390 1695 y Fo(\(gdb\))46
b(b)i(make_)1058 1692 y Fj(h)p 1082 1639 V 1082 1695
a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 1082 1710 V 1226 1692 a Fj(i)150 1799
y Fu(GDB)31 b(sounds)e(b)s(ell;)g(press)1113 1796 y Fj(h)p
1137 1743 V 1137 1799 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 1137 1814 V 1280
1796 a Fj(i)1341 1799 y Fu(again,)30 b(to)h(see:)390
1902 y Fo(make_a_section_from_file)232 b(make_environ)390
2006 y(make_abs_section)616 b(make_function_type)390
2110 y(make_blockvector)g(make_pointer_type)390 2214
y(make_cleanup)808 b(make_reference_type)390 2317 y(make_command)g
(make_symbol_completion_li)o(st)390 2421 y(\(gdb\))46
b(b)i(make_)150 2560 y Fu(After)29 b(displa)m(ying)c(the)k(a)m(v)-5
b(ailable)28 b(p)s(ossibilities,)c(GDB)30 b(copies)e(y)m(our)g(partial)
f(input)g(\(`)p Fo(b)j(make_)p Fu(')e(in)f(the)150 2669
y(example\))j(so)h(y)m(ou)g(can)f(\014nish)e(the)j(command.)275
2808 y(If)c(y)m(ou)i(just)e(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)g(see)f(the)h(list)d(of)j
(alternativ)m(es)f(in)f(the)h(\014rst)f(place,)i(y)m(ou)f(can)h(press)e
Fl(M-?)g Fu(rather)150 2917 y(than)32 b(pressing)715
2914 y Fj(h)p 740 2861 V 740 2917 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 740
2933 V 883 2914 a Fj(i)945 2917 y Fu(t)m(wice.)47 b Fl(M-?)31
b Fu(means)1676 2914 y Fj(h)p 1700 2861 211 4 v 1700
2917 a Fi(MET)-6 b(A)p 1700 2933 V 1907 2914 a Fj(i)1967
2917 y Fl(?)p Fu(.)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h(this)e
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f(as)g(the)1096 3024 y Fj(h)p 1120 2971 V 1120 3027 a
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y Fu(shift)27 b(on)h(y)m(our)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)g(\(if)f(there)h(is)f
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3134 y Fj(h)p 174 3081 139 4 v 174 3137 a Fi(ESC)p 174
3152 V 308 3134 a Fj(i)368 3137 y Fu(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)h
Fl(?)p Fu(.)275 3275 y(Sometimes)37 b(the)i(string)e(y)m(ou)i(need,)h
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(ork)f(in)f(this)g(situation,)h(y)m(ou)h(ma)m(y)f(enclose)h(w)m(ords)e
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y(GDB)c(commands.)275 3742 y(The)38 b(most)i(lik)m(ely)e(situation)g
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3961 y(function,)24 b(distinguished)d(b)m(y)j(argumen)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s
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Fo(name)g Fu(that)h(tak)m(es)h(an)e Fo(int)150 4181 y
Fu(parameter,)31 b Fo(name\(int\))p Fu(,)c(or)j(the)g(v)m(ersion)f
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Fu(.)37 b(T)-8 b(o)30 b(use)150 4290 y(the)37 b(w)m(ord-completion)f
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i(press)1026 4506 y Fj(h)p 1050 4453 148 4 v 1050 4509
a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 1050 4525 V 1193 4506 a Fj(i)1254 4509
y Fu(or)30 b Fl(M-?)f Fu(to)j(request)e(w)m(ord)g(completion:)390
4642 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(b)i('bubble\()1201 4639 y Fj(h)p
1226 4586 122 4 v 1226 4642 a Fi(M-?)p 1226 4657 V 1343
4639 a Fj(i)390 4746 y Fo(bubble\(double,double\))185
b(bubble\(int,int\))390 4850 y(\(gdb\))46 b(b)i('bubble\()275
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5337 y Fj(h)p 987 5284 148 4 v 987 5340 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p
987 5355 V 1131 5337 a Fj(i)p eop
15 16 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(GDB)31 b(Commands)2363
b(15)150 299 y(GDB)31 b(alters)g(y)m(our)f(input)e(line)h(to)i(the)g
(follo)m(wing,)e(and)h(rings)f(a)h(b)s(ell:)390 403 y
Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(b)i('bubble\()150 539 y Fu(In)29 b(general,)h(GDB)h
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648 y(t)m(yping)g(the)g(argumen)m(t)h(list)e(when)h(y)m(ou)g(ask)h(for)
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785 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(more)f(information)e(ab)s(out)i(o)m(v)m(erloaded)i
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2651 y(data)g(--)g(Examining)e(data)870 2755 y(breakpoints)g(--)i
(Making)f(program)g(stop)g(at)i(certain)d(points)870
2858 y(files)h(--)i(Specifying)d(and)h(examining)g(files)870
2962 y(status)g(--)h(Status)f(inquiries)870 3066 y(support)g(--)h
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3377 y(obscure)g(--)h(Obscure)f(features)870 3585 y(Type)h("help")f
(followed)f(by)i(a)h(class)e(name)h(for)g(a)g(list)g(of)870
3689 y(commands)f(in)h(that)f(class.)870 3792 y(Type)h("help")f
(followed)f(by)i(command)f(name)h(for)g(full)870 3896
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y(help)29 b Fn(class)76 b Fu(Using)31 b(one)h(of)g(the)f(general)h
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762 y(running)k(y)m(our)i(program)g(outside)g(the)g(debugger.)275
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1414 y(supp)s(ort)31 b(sho)m(ws)i(no)f(output)h(from)f(`)p
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2203 y(runs|but)39 b(whenev)m(er)i(GDB)i(tak)m(es)g(con)m(trol,)h(one)e
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4070 y(1.)61 b(the)31 b(thread)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(assigned)g(b)m(y)i
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Fo(SIGTRAP)f Fu(signal)g(whic)m(h)g(\(unless)g(it)h(catc)m(hes)150
3805 y(the)f(signal\))e(will)f(cause)j(it)f(to)h(terminate.)275
3939 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)36 b(if)d(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(debug)f
(the)h(c)m(hild)d(pro)s(cess)j(there)f(is)g(a)h(w)m(ork)-5
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b(Put)31 b(a)g(call)f(to)i Fo(sleep)d Fu(in)g(the)i(co)s(de)h(whic)m(h)
d(the)i(c)m(hild)e(pro)s(cess)i(executes)h(after)f(the)g(fork.)42
b(It)150 4159 y(ma)m(y)32 b(b)s(e)f(useful)e(to)j(sleep)f(only)g(if)f
(a)i(certain)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30
b(is)h(set,)h(or)g(a)f(certain)h(\014le)e(exists,)150
4268 y(so)f(that)g(the)f(dela)m(y)h(need)f(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(when)g(y)m
(ou)g(don't)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(run)e(GDB)j(on)e(the)h(c)m(hild.)38
b(While)28 b(the)150 4378 y(c)m(hild)c(is)g(sleeping,)h(use)g(the)h
Fo(ps)f Fu(program)g(to)h(get)g(its)f(pro)s(cess)g(ID.)h(Then)e(tell)h
(GDB)h(\(a)g(new)f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)150 4487 y(of)36
b(GDB)i(if)d(y)m(ou)i(are)g(also)f(debugging)f(the)i(paren)m(t)f(pro)s
(cess\))h(to)g(attac)m(h)h(to)f(the)f(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cess)h(\(see)150
4597 y(Section)26 b(4.7)i([A)m(ttac)m(h],)i(page)d(23\).)41
b(F)-8 b(rom)27 b(that)g(p)s(oin)m(t)e(on)h(y)m(ou)h(can)g(debug)e(the)
i(c)m(hild)e(pro)s(cess)h(just)g(lik)m(e)150 4707 y(an)m(y)31
b(other)f(pro)s(cess)g(whic)m(h)f(y)m(ou)i(attac)m(hed)h(to.)p
eop
27 28 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 b(Stopping)29
b(and)h(Con)m(tin)m(uing)2042 b(27)150 299 y Fp(5)80
b(Stopping)53 b(and)g(Con)l(tin)l(uing)275 543 y Fu(The)24
b(principal)d(purp)s(oses)i(of)i(using)e(a)i(debugger)g(are)g(so)g
(that)g(y)m(ou)g(can)g(stop)g(y)m(our)g(program)f(b)s(efore)150
653 y(it)35 b(terminates;)k(or)d(so)g(that,)i(if)d(y)m(our)h(program)g
(runs)e(in)m(to)i(trouble,)h(y)m(ou)f(can)g(in)m(v)m(estigate)h(and)e
(\014nd)150 762 y(out)c(wh)m(y)-8 b(.)275 900 y(Inside)41
b(GDB,)k(y)m(our)f(program)f(ma)m(y)h(stop)g(for)f(an)m(y)h(of)g(sev)m
(eral)g(reasons,)j(suc)m(h)c(as)h(a)g(signal,)i(a)150
1010 y(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)39 b(or)g(reac)m(hing)f(a)h(new)e(line)g
(after)i(a)f(GDB)i(command)e(suc)m(h)g(as)g Fo(step)p
Fu(.)64 b(Y)-8 b(ou)38 b(ma)m(y)h(then)150 1120 y(examine)32
b(and)f(c)m(hange)j(v)-5 b(ariables,)31 b(set)i(new)e(breakp)s(oin)m
(ts)g(or)h(remo)m(v)m(e)i(old)d(ones,)i(and)f(then)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)150
1229 y(execution.)51 b(Usually)-8 b(,)34 b(the)g(messages)h(sho)m(wn)f
(b)m(y)f(GDB)i(pro)m(vide)e(ample)h(explanation)e(of)j(the)f(status)150
1339 y(of)d(y)m(our)f(program|but)f(y)m(ou)i(can)g(also)f(explicitly)e
(request)i(this)g(information)e(at)j(an)m(y)g(time.)150
1558 y Fo(info)e(program)630 1668 y Fu(Displa)m(y)35
b(information)f(ab)s(out)h(the)h(status)h(of)e(y)m(our)h(program:)51
b(whether)36 b(it)f(is)g(running)630 1777 y(or)30 b(not,)h(what)g(pro)s
(cess)e(it)h(is,)g(and)g(wh)m(y)g(it)g(stopp)s(ed.)150
2043 y Fs(5.1)68 b(Breakp)t(oin)l(ts,)46 b(w)l(atc)l(hp)t(oin)l(ts,)g
(and)f(catc)l(hp)t(oin)l(ts)275 2239 y Fu(A)e Fn(breakp)s(oin)m(t)i
Fu(mak)m(es)f(y)m(our)g(program)f(stop)h(whenev)m(er)f(a)h(certain)g(p)
s(oin)m(t)e(in)h(the)h(program)f(is)150 2349 y(reac)m(hed.)67
b(F)-8 b(or)40 b(eac)m(h)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)h(y)m(ou)e(can)g(add)g
(conditions)e(to)j(con)m(trol)g(in)d(\014ner)h(detail)h(whether)150
2459 y(y)m(our)e(program)h(stops.)62 b(Y)-8 b(ou)38 b(can)g(set)g
(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)e(with)g(the)i Fo(break)e Fu(command)h(and)g(its)g
(v)-5 b(arian)m(ts)150 2568 y(\(see)31 b(Section)g(5.1.1)h([Setting)e
(breakp)s(oin)m(ts],)g(page)h(28\),)h(to)g(sp)s(ecify)d(the)h(place)h
(where)f(y)m(our)g(program)150 2678 y(should)e(stop)j(b)m(y)f(line)f(n)
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(program.)275 2816 y(In)41 b(HP-UX,)h(SunOS)e(4.x,)45
b(SVR4,)g(Op)s(enStep,)e(MacOS,)g(and)e(Alpha)f(OSF/1)i
(con\014gurations,)150 2925 y(y)m(ou)34 b(can)f(set)h(breakp)s(oin)m
(ts)e(in)g(shared)h(libraries)d(b)s(efore)j(the)g(executable)h(is)f
(run.)48 b(There)32 b(is)h(a)g(minor)150 3035 y(limitation)i(on)j
(HP-UX)g(systems:)55 b(y)m(ou)38 b(m)m(ust)g(w)m(ait)f(un)m(til)f(the)i
(executable)g(is)f(run)f(in)g(order)h(to)h(set)150 3144
y(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)43 b(in)f(shared)i(library)d(routines)i(that)i(are)
f(not)g(called)f(directly)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(program)g(\(for)150
3254 y(example,)30 b(routines)g(that)h(are)f(argumen)m(ts)h(in)e(a)i
Fo(pthread_create)26 b Fu(call\).)275 3392 y(A)41 b Fn(w)m(atc)m(hp)s
(oin)m(t)j Fu(is)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)e(breakp)s(oin)m(t)g(that)j(stops)e
(y)m(our)g(program)g(when)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(of)i(an)150
3502 y(expression)23 b(c)m(hanges.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25
b(m)m(ust)f(use)g(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(command)g(to)h(set)g(w)m(atc)m
(hp)s(oin)m(ts)g(\(see)g(Section)f(5.1.2)150 3611 y([Setting)j(w)m(atc)
m(hp)s(oin)m(ts],)h(page)g(31\),)h(but)e(aside)f(from)g(that,)j(y)m(ou)
e(can)h(manage)g(a)f(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t)g(lik)m(e)g(an)m(y)150
3721 y(other)33 b(breakp)s(oin)m(t:)43 b(y)m(ou)33 b(enable,)f
(disable,)f(and)h(delete)h(b)s(oth)e(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)g(and)h(w)m(atc)
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3968 y(Y)-8 b(ou)37 b(can)h(arrange)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(v)-5
b(alues)37 b(from)g(y)m(our)g(program)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)f
(automatically)h(whenev)m(er)150 4078 y(GDB)31 b(stops)g(at)g(a)g
(breakp)s(oin)m(t.)39 b(See)31 b(Section)f(8.6)i([Automatic)f(displa)m
(y],)e(page)i(60.)275 4216 y(A)c Fn(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t)i
Fu(is)e(another)g(sp)s(ecial)f(breakp)s(oin)m(t)g(that)h(stops)g(y)m
(our)g(program)g(when)f(a)i(certain)f(kind)150 4325 y(of)f(ev)m(en)m(t)
h(o)s(ccurs,)f(suc)m(h)g(as)f(the)h(thro)m(wing)f(of)h(a)g(C)p
Fo(++)e Fu(exception)i(or)g(the)f(loading)g(of)h(a)g(library)-8
b(.)37 b(As)25 b(with)150 4435 y(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts,)39
b(y)m(ou)f(use)f(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(command)g(to)h(set)f(a)h(catc)m
(hp)s(oin)m(t)g(\(see)g(Section)f(5.1.3)i([Setting)150
4545 y(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts],)h(page)e(32\),)i(but)d(aside)f(from)h
(that,)j(y)m(ou)d(can)h(manage)g(a)g(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t)g(lik)m(e)e
(an)m(y)i(other)150 4654 y(breakp)s(oin)m(t.)50 b(\(T)-8
b(o)34 b(stop)g(when)f(y)m(our)g(program)h(receiv)m(es)g(a)g(signal,)g
(use)f(the)h Fo(handle)e Fu(command;)j(see)150 4764 y(Section)30
b(5.3)i([Signals],)d(page)i(40.\))275 4902 y(GDB)i(assigns)f(a)i(n)m
(um)m(b)s(er)d(to)j(eac)m(h)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)e(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m
(t,)i(or)f(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t)g(when)f(y)m(ou)h(create)150
5011 y(it;)h(these)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(are)h(successiv)m(e)h(in)m
(tegers)f(starting)g(with)f(one.)50 b(In)32 b(man)m(y)i(of)f(the)g
(commands)g(for)150 5121 y(con)m(trolling)40 b(v)-5 b(arious)40
b(features)h(of)g(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)f(y)m(ou)h(use)f(the)i(breakp)s
(oin)m(t)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(to)i(sa)m(y)f(whic)m(h)150
5230 y(breakp)s(oin)m(t)32 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(c)m(hange.)49
b(Eac)m(h)33 b(breakp)s(oin)m(t)e(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)e Fn(enabled)j
Fu(or)d Fn(disabled)t Fu(;)f(if)h(disabled,)150 5340
y(it)e(has)g(no)g(e\013ect)i(on)e(y)m(our)h(program)f(un)m(til)f(y)m
(ou)h(enable)g(it)g(again.)p eop
28 29 bop 150 -116 a Fu(28)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fk(5.1.1)63 b(Setting)41 b(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)275
487 y Fu(Breakp)s(oin)m(ts)e(are)h(set)g(with)e(the)i
Fo(break)e Fu(command)i(\(abbreviated)f Fo(b)p Fu(\).)69
b(The)39 b(debugger)g(con)m(v)m(e-)150 596 y(nience)d(v)-5
b(ariable)35 b(`)p Fo($bpnum)p Fu(')g(records)h(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e
(of)i(the)f(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)g(y)m(ou'v)m(e)i(set)f(most)f(recen)m
(tly;)150 706 y(see)e(Section)e(8.9)j([Con)m(v)m(enience)e(v)-5
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(ou)g(can)g(do)g(with)150 815 y(con)m(v)m(enience)e(v)-5
b(ariables.)275 945 y(Y)d(ou)30 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(sev)m(eral)f(w)m(a)m(ys)
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(t)f(at)h(en)m(try)g(to)h(function)d Fn(function)p Fu(.)53
b(When)34 b(using)g(source)h(languages)630 1314 y(that)h(p)s(ermit)e(o)
m(v)m(erloading)i(of)f(sym)m(b)s(ols,)h(suc)m(h)f(as)h(C)p
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b(That)30 b(\014le)f(is)h(the)g(last)630 2380 y(\014le)37
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2490 y(b)s(efore)30 b(it)g(executes)i(an)m(y)e(of)h(the)f(co)s(de)h(on)
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3227 y(con)m(tain)31 b(similarly)c(named)j(functions.)150
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630 4752 y(instruction)e(has)j(b)s(een)e(executed.)40
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(stopp)s(ed.)150 5121 y Fo(break)f(...)g(if)h Fn(cond)630
5230 y Fu(Set)j(a)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t)e(with)h(condition)f
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33 34 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 b(Stopping)29
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2405 y(breakp)s(oin)m(t)31 b(on)g Fo(__raise_exception)c
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2659 y(With)j(a)i(conditional)d(breakp)s(oin)m(t)h(\(see)i(Section)f
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4273 y(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)36 b(on)g(the)h(\014rst)f(instruction)f(to)j
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1875 y(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(disable)f(and)h(enable)g(breakp)s(oin)m(ts,)f(w)m
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(not)i(c)m(hange)g(the)f(state)h(of)g(y)m(our)f(other)150
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1591 y(One)h(of)h(the)g(stac)m(k)i(frames)d(is)g Fn(selected)35
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5340 y(innermost)d(function)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)h(has)g(no)h(stac)m
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46 47 bop 150 -116 a Fu(46)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
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5322 y(migh)m(t)30 b(b)s(e)g(unnecessary)g(and)f(distracting.)p
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48 49 bop 150 -116 a Fu(48)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fs(6.4)68 b(Information)46 b(ab)t(out)f(a)g(frame)275
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630 986 y(It)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(abbreviated)f Fo(f)p Fu(.)47
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(frame)h(is)f(written)705 2156 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31
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y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)43 b(program)g(coun)m(ter)g(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(in)d
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2401 y(frame\))705 2537 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(whic)m(h)29
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2699 y(The)21 b(v)m(erb)s(ose)h(description)e(is)h(useful)g(when)f
(something)i(has)g(gone)g(wrong)g(that)g(has)g(made)630
2808 y(the)31 b(stac)m(k)g(format)g(fail)e(to)i(\014t)f(the)h(usual)e
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3518 y(in)29 b(the)i Fo(frame)e Fu(command.)40 b(See)31
b(Section)f(6.3)h([Selecting)f(a)h(frame],)g(page)g(47.)150
3680 y Fo(info)e(args)67 b Fu(Prin)m(t)29 b(the)i(argumen)m(ts)g(of)f
(the)h(selected)g(frame,)f(eac)m(h)i(on)e(a)h(separate)g(line.)150
3842 y Fo(info)e(locals)630 3952 y Fu(Prin)m(t)k(the)g(lo)s(cal)g(v)-5
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(the)h(selected)g(frame.)150 4333 y Fo(info)e(catch)630
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(handlers)e(that)i(are)h(activ)m(e)g(in)e(the)h(curren)m(t)f(stac)m(k)
630 4552 y(frame)31 b(at)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(of)i
(execution.)44 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(see)h(other)g(exception)f(handlers,)f
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b(Section)f(5.1.3)i([Setting)f(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts],)g(page)g(32.)150
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(of)j(a)f(function.)p eop
49 50 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Examining)28
b(the)j(Stac)m(k)2213 b(49)275 299 y(T)-8 b(o)38 b(impro)m(v)m(e)g
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(applications,)i(where)e(GDB)j(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)150 408
y(restricted)28 b(to)i(a)f(slo)m(w)f(serial)g(line)f(for)i(this)e
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150 727 y Fo(set)e(heuristic-fence-post)c Fn(limit)630
837 y Fu(Restrict)31 b(GDB)h(to)g(examining)e(at)i(most)f
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(ytes)g Fo(heuristic-fence-post)25 b Fu(m)m(ust)630 1166
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(run.)150 1325 y Fo(show)e(heuristic-fence-post)630 1435
y Fu(Displa)m(y)h(the)g(curren)m(t)g(limit.)150 1594
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(programs)h(on)150 1704 y(Alpha)29 b(or)i(MIPS)e(pro)s(cessors.)p
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50 51 bop 150 -116 a Fu(50)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)p
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51 52 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(Examining)28
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(recorded)150 628 y(in)g(the)h(program)g(tells)f(GDB)j(what)e(source)g
(\014les)f(w)m(ere)i(used)e(to)i(build)c(it.)39 b(When)24
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(prin)m(ts)f(the)i(line)e(where)h(it)h(stopp)s(ed.)36
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150 956 y(frame)h(has)g(stopp)s(ed.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31
b(can)g(prin)m(t)e(other)h(p)s(ortions)f(of)i(source)f(\014les)g(b)m(y)
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(its)h Ft(gnu)g Fu(Emacs)g(in)m(terface,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)h(prefer)f
(to)g(use)g(Emacs)h(facilities)150 1198 y(to)j(view)f(source;)g(see)h
(Chapter)f(16)h([Using)f(GDB)i(under)d Ft(gnu)h Fu(Emacs],)h(page)g
(147.)150 1446 y Fs(7.1)68 b(Prin)l(ting)46 b(source)f(lines)275
1636 y Fu(T)-8 b(o)26 b(prin)m(t)e(lines)h(from)g(a)h(source)g(\014le,)
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Fo(l)p Fu(\).)39 b(By)27 b(default,)f(ten)150 1745 y(lines)i(are)i
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(prin)m(t.)275 1877 y(Here)g(are)h(the)g(forms)f(of)g(the)h
Fo(list)e Fu(command)h(most)h(commonly)f(used:)150 2030
y Fo(list)f Fn(linen)m(um)630 2140 y Fu(Prin)m(t)g(lines)g(cen)m(tered)
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(curren)m(t)f(source)h(\014le.)150 2293 y Fo(list)e Fn(function)630
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Fu(argumen)m(t)630 3718 y(explicitly)h(sp)s(eci\014es)h(some)i(other)f
(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\).)150 3871 y Fo(show)f(listsize)630
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Fo(list)e Fu(command)h(with)1682 4131 y Fj(h)p 1706 4078
151 4 v 1706 4134 a Fi(RET)p 1706 4150 V 1853 4131 a
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(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)41 b(to)150 4244 y(t)m(yping)36
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1443 y Fn(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)178 b Fu(Sp)s(eci\014es)36
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4433 y(on)30 b(ho)m(w)h(to)g(use)f(expressions)f(in)g(other)i
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(erators)j(that)g(y)m(ou)f(can)h(use)f(in)f(GDB)i(expressions)e
(regardless)h(of)150 4680 y(y)m(our)f(programming)f(language.)275
4818 y(Casts)40 b(are)h(supp)s(orted)d(in)h(all)g(languages,)44
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(cast)h(a)150 4928 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)29 b(in)m(to)h(a)h(p)s(oin)m(ter)f
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h(in)d(addition)g(to)i(those)g(common)g(to)g(programming)e(languages:)
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299 y Fo(::)384 b Fu(`)p Fo(::)p Fu(')32 b(allo)m(ws)f(y)m(ou)h(to)h
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(or)h(function)e(where)h(it)h(is)630 408 y(de\014ned.)39
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b Fn(addr)630 683 y Fu(Refers)h(to)h(an)f(ob)5 b(ject)32
b(of)g(t)m(yp)s(e)f Fn(t)m(yp)s(e)37 b Fu(stored)31 b(at)h(address)e
Fn(addr)37 b Fu(in)30 b(memory)-8 b(.)44 b Fn(addr)36
b Fu(ma)m(y)630 793 y(b)s(e)k(an)m(y)i(expression)e(whose)g(v)-5
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(theses)i(are)630 902 y(required)30 b(around)h(binary)e(op)s(erators,)k
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1481 y Fu(The)29 b(most)i(common)g(kind)d(of)j(expression)e(to)i(use)f
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(program.)275 1621 y(V)-8 b(ariables)43 b(in)g(expressions)g(are)i
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(they)e(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(either:)225 1871 y Fq(\017)60
b Fu(global)30 b(\(or)g(\014le-static\))150 2039 y(or)225
2179 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(visible)37 b(according)i(to)h(the)g(scop)s(e)f
(rules)f(of)i(the)f(programming)f(language)i(from)f(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g
(of)330 2289 y(execution)31 b(in)e(that)i(frame)150 2456
y(This)e(means)h(that)h(in)e(the)h(function)390 2591
y Fo(foo)47 b(\(a\))629 2695 y(int)g(a;)390 2798 y({)485
2902 y(bar)g(\(a\);)485 3006 y({)581 3110 y(int)g(b)g(=)h(test)e(\(\);)
581 3213 y(bar)h(\(b\);)485 3317 y(})390 3421 y(})150
3561 y Fu(y)m(ou)39 b(can)g(examine)g(and)f(use)g(the)h(v)-5
b(ariable)38 b Fo(a)h Fu(whenev)m(er)f(y)m(our)h(program)g(is)e
(executing)i(within)e(the)150 3671 y(function)20 b Fo(foo)p
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b(ariable)21 b Fo(b)g Fu(while)f(y)m(our)h(program)h(is)f(executing)150
3780 y(inside)28 b(the)j(blo)s(c)m(k)f(where)f Fo(b)h
Fu(is)g(declared.)275 3920 y(There)36 b(is)f(an)i(exception:)53
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4030 y(source)c(\014le)f(ev)m(en)i(if)e(the)i(curren)m(t)e(execution)i
(p)s(oin)m(t)e(is)g(not)h(in)f(this)g(\014le.)48 b(But)33
b(it)g(is)f(p)s(ossible)f(to)j(ha)m(v)m(e)150 4140 y(more)g(than)f(one)
h(suc)m(h)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(or)i(function)e(with)g(the)i(same)g
(name)g(\(in)e(di\013eren)m(t)h(source)h(\014les\).)49
b(If)150 4249 y(that)27 b(happ)s(ens,)g(referring)e(to)j(that)f(name)g
(has)g(unpredictable)d(e\013ects.)41 b(If)27 b(y)m(ou)g(wish,)f(y)m(ou)
h(can)g(sp)s(ecify)150 4359 y(a)k(static)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29
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(colon-colon)g(notation:)390 4493 y Fn(\014le)5 b Fo(::)p
Fn(v)-5 b(ariable)390 4597 y(function)p Fo(::)p Fn(v)g(ariable)150
4737 y Fu(Here)35 b Fn(\014le)k Fu(or)c Fn(function)f
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Fn(v)-5 b(ariable)p Fu(.)53 b(In)34 b(the)h(case)h(of)f(\014le)150
4846 y(names,)i(y)m(ou)f(can)g(use)f(quotes)h(to)g(mak)m(e)h(sure)e
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4956 y(example,)30 b(to)h(prin)m(t)e(a)i(global)f(v)-5
b(alue)30 b(of)g Fo(x)g Fu(de\014ned)f(in)g(`)p Fo(f2.c)p
Fu(':)390 5090 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(p)i('f2.c'::x)275 5230
y Fu(This)29 b(use)i(of)g(`)p Fo(::)p Fu(')g(is)g(v)m(ery)g(rarely)g
(in)f(con\015ict)h(with)f(the)h(v)m(ery)h(similar)c(use)j(of)h(the)f
(same)h(notation)150 5340 y(in)d(C)p Fo(++)p Fu(.)40
b(GDB)31 b(also)g(supp)s(orts)d(use)i(of)h(the)f(C)p
Fo(++)g Fu(scop)s(e)g(resolution)f(op)s(erator)i(in)e(GDB)i
(expressions.)p eop
57 58 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 b(Examining)28
b(Data)2392 b(57)390 299 y Fr(Warning:)57 b Fu(Occasionally)-8
b(,)37 b(a)g(lo)s(cal)e(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(ma)m(y)h(app)s(ear)g(to)g
(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(wrong)f(v)-5 b(alue)390 403 y(at)28
b(certain)f(p)s(oin)m(ts)f(in)g(a)i(function|just)e(after)h(en)m(try)h
(to)g(a)g(new)f(scop)s(e,)h(and)f(just)f(b)s(efore)390
506 y(exit.)275 645 y(Y)-8 b(ou)44 b(ma)m(y)h(see)g(this)e(problem)f
(when)h(y)m(ou)i(are)f(stepping)f(b)m(y)h(mac)m(hine)g(instructions.)80
b(This)42 b(is)150 755 y(b)s(ecause,)i(on)d(most)g(mac)m(hines,)i(it)e
(tak)m(es)h(more)f(than)g(one)g(instruction)e(to)j(set)f(up)f(a)i(stac)
m(k)g(frame)150 864 y(\(including)27 b(lo)s(cal)i(v)-5
b(ariable)28 b(de\014nitions\);)g(if)h(y)m(ou)h(are)g(stepping)e(b)m(y)
i(mac)m(hine)f(instructions,)f(v)-5 b(ariables)150 974
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b(alues)30 b(un)m(til)f(the)i(stac)m(k)h(frame)f(is)e(completely)i
(built.)39 b(On)30 b(exit,)g(it)150 1083 y(usually)j(also)j(tak)m(es)h
(more)f(than)f(one)h(mac)m(hine)f(instruction)f(to)i(destro)m(y)g(a)g
(stac)m(k)h(frame;)h(after)f(y)m(ou)150 1193 y(b)s(egin)29
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(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(de\014nitions)f(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)f(gone.)275
1332 y(This)h(ma)m(y)j(also)f(happ)s(en)e(when)i(the)g(compiler)f(do)s
(es)h(signi\014can)m(t)f(optimizations.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)34
b(b)s(e)e(sure)h(of)150 1441 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)e(seeing)f(accurate)i(v)-5
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1709 y Fs(8.3)68 b(Arti\014cial)46 b(arra)l(ys)275 1906
y Fu(It)33 b(is)f(often)i(useful)d(to)j(prin)m(t)e(out)h(sev)m(eral)h
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(memory;)j(a)150 2016 y(section)j(of)g(an)g(arra)m(y)-8
b(,)42 b(or)c(an)g(arra)m(y)g(of)g(dynamically)e(determined)h(size)h
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b(in)f(the)i(program.)275 2264 y(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(can)h(do)f(this)f(b)m
(y)h(referring)f(to)i(a)g(con)m(tiguous)f(span)g(of)g(memory)g(as)h(an)
f Fn(arti\014cial)f(arra)m(y)p Fu(,)i(using)150 2373
y(the)34 b(binary)f(op)s(erator)h(`)p Fo(@)p Fu('.)52
b(The)34 b(left)g(op)s(erand)f(of)h(`)p Fo(@)p Fu(')g(should)e(b)s(e)i
(the)g(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t)i(of)f(the)g(desired)150
2483 y(arra)m(y)g(and)f(b)s(e)g(an)h(individual)29 b(ob)5
b(ject.)51 b(The)33 b(righ)m(t)g(op)s(erand)g(should)e(b)s(e)i(the)h
(desired)e(length)h(of)h(the)150 2593 y(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)42
b(The)30 b(result)f(is)g(an)i(arra)m(y)f(v)-5 b(alue)30
b(whose)h(elemen)m(ts)f(are)h(all)e(of)i(the)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)g(the)f
(left)g(argumen)m(t.)150 2702 y(The)38 b(\014rst)h(elemen)m(t)g(is)f
(actually)h(the)g(left)f(argumen)m(t;)44 b(the)c(second)f(elemen)m(t)g
(comes)h(from)e(b)m(ytes)i(of)150 2812 y(memory)g(immediately)e(follo)m
(wing)g(those)i(that)h(hold)d(the)i(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t,)k(and)c(so)h
(on.)69 b(Here)40 b(is)f(an)150 2921 y(example.)h(If)30
b(a)h(program)f(sa)m(ys)390 3054 y Fo(int)47 b(*array)f(=)h(\(int)g
(*\))g(malloc)f(\(len)h(*)g(sizeof)g(\(int\)\);)150 3193
y Fu(y)m(ou)31 b(can)f(prin)m(t)f(the)i(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(of)f
Fo(array)e Fu(with)390 3326 y Fo(p)47 b(*array@len)275
3464 y Fu(The)31 b(left)h(op)s(erand)f(of)h(`)p Fo(@)p
Fu(')g(m)m(ust)g(reside)f(in)g(memory)-8 b(.)46 b(Arra)m(y)33
b(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(made)h(with)f(`)p Fo(@)p Fu(')h(in)f(this)g(w)m(a)m
(y)150 3574 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)39 b(just)f(lik)m(e)g(other)h(arra)m(ys)g
(in)e(terms)i(of)g(subscripting,)f(and)g(are)h(co)s(erced)g(to)g(p)s
(oin)m(ters)f(when)150 3684 y(used)27 b(in)g(expressions.)39
b(Arti\014cial)26 b(arra)m(ys)i(most)h(often)f(app)s(ear)g(in)f
(expressions)f(via)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(history)150
3793 y(\(see)j(Section)g(8.8)g([V)-8 b(alue)31 b(history],)f(page)h
(66\),)h(after)e(prin)m(ting)f(one)h(out.)275 3932 y(Another)e(w)m(a)m
(y)i(to)f(create)i(an)d(arti\014cial)f(arra)m(y)j(is)d(to)j(use)e(a)h
(cast.)42 b(This)26 b(re-in)m(terprets)j(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)28
b(as)h(if)150 4041 y(it)h(w)m(ere)h(an)f(arra)m(y)-8
b(.)42 b(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(need)i(not)f(b)s(e)g(in)f(memory:)
390 4174 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(p/x)h(\(short[2]\)0x12345678)390
4278 y($1)g(=)h({0x1234,)d(0x5678})275 4417 y Fu(As)21
b(a)g(con)m(v)m(enience,)j(if)c(y)m(ou)i(lea)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(arra)m(y)h
(length)e(out)h(\(as)h(in)e(`)p Fo(\()p Fn(t)m(yp)s(e)5
b Fo(\)[]\))p Fn(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fu('\))20 b(gdb)h(calculates)150
4526 y(the)31 b(size)f(to)h(\014ll)d(the)j(v)-5 b(alue)30
b(\(as)h(`)p Fo(sizeof\()p Fn(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fo(\)/sizeof\()p
Fn(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fo(\))p Fu(':)390 4659 y Fo(\(gdb\))46
b(p/x)h(\(short[]\)0x12345678)390 4763 y($2)g(=)h({0x1234,)d(0x5678})
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150 5011 y(data)44 b(structures,)h(the)f(elemen)m(ts)f(of)g(in)m
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b(.)66 b(One)38 b(useful)f(w)m(ork-around)h(in)f(this)150
5230 y(situation)28 b(is)g(to)j(use)d(a)i(con)m(v)m(enience)g(v)-5
b(ariable)29 b(\(see)h(Section)f(8.9)h([Con)m(v)m(enience)g(v)-5
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(v)-5 b(alue,)36 b(and)f(then)g(rep)s(eat)g(that)p eop
58 59 bop 150 -116 a Fu(58)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(expression)22 b(via)724 296 y Fj(h)p 748 243 151
4 v 748 299 a Fi(RET)p 748 314 V 894 296 a Fj(i)924 299
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(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(of)h(a)g(\014eld)f Fo(fv)g Fu(in)g(eac)m(h)i
(structure.)47 b(Here)34 b(is)e(an)g(example)h(of)150
518 y(what)d(y)m(ou)h(migh)m(t)f(t)m(yp)s(e:)390 648
y Fo(set)47 b($i)g(=)h(0)390 752 y(p)f(dtab[$i++]->fv)390
853 y Fj(h)p 414 800 V 414 856 a Fi(RET)p 414 871 V 561
853 a Fj(i)390 956 y(h)p 414 903 V 414 959 a Fi(RET)p
414 975 V 561 956 a Fj(i)390 1063 y Fo(...)150 1324 y
Fs(8.4)68 b(Output)45 b(formats)275 1518 y Fu(By)31 b(default,)g(GDB)i
(prin)m(ts)d(a)i(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(according)g(to)h(its)f(data)h(t)m(yp)
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g(a)g(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(in)g(decimal.)150 1737 y(Or)f(y)m(ou)h(migh)m(t)g
(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(view)e(data)h(in)f(memory)h(at)h(a)f(certain)g
(address)f(as)h(a)g(c)m(haracter)i(string)d(or)h(as)150
1846 y(an)h(instruction.)39 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(do)f(these)h(things,)e(sp)s
(ecify)g(an)i Fn(output)f(format)i Fu(when)e(y)m(ou)g(prin)m(t)f(a)i(v)
-5 b(alue.)275 1982 y(The)37 b(simplest)f(use)i(of)g(output)f(formats)h
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b(alue)37 b(already)h(computed.)150 2092 y(This)32 b(is)g(done)i(b)m(y)
f(starting)h(the)g(argumen)m(ts)g(of)f(the)h Fo(print)e
Fu(command)i(with)e(a)i(slash)f(and)g(a)h(format)150
2201 y(letter.)41 b(The)30 b(format)h(letters)f(supp)s(orted)f(are:)150
2363 y Fo(x)432 b Fu(Regard)26 b(the)g(bits)e(of)i(the)g(v)-5
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(in)e(hexadecimal.)150 2523 y Fo(d)432 b Fu(Prin)m(t)29
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150 2845 y Fo(o)432 b Fu(Prin)m(t)29 b(as)i(in)m(teger)g(in)e(o)s
(ctal.)150 3005 y Fo(t)432 b Fu(Prin)m(t)29 b(as)i(in)m(teger)g(in)e
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(\\t)m(w)m(o".)2934 2972 y Fh(1)150 3166 y Fo(a)432 b
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(hexadecimal)g(and)h(as)g(an)g(o\013set)h(from)f(the)630
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b(ou)33 b(can)g(use)f(this)f(format)i(used)e(to)i(disco)m(v)m(er)g
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518 y(of)g(structures:)390 648 y Fo(set)47 b($i)g(=)h(0)390
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1506 832 151 4 v 1506 888 a Fi(RET)p 1506 903 V 1653
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(useful.)150 1347 y Fo($_)384 b Fu(The)41 b(v)-5 b(ariable)41
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(indicated.)150 4146 y(`)p Fo(.c)p Fu(')334 b(C)30 b(source)g(\014le)
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5340 y(`)p Fo(.F)p Fu(')334 b(F)-8 b(ortran)31 b(source)g(\014le)p
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299 y(`)p Fo(.ch)p Fu(')150 408 y(`)p Fo(.c186)p Fu(')150
518 y(`)p Fo(.c286)p Fu(')190 b(CHILL)30 b(source)g(\014le.)150
676 y(`)p Fo(.mod)p Fu(')238 b(Mo)s(dula-2)30 b(source)h(\014le)150
834 y(`)p Fo(.s)p Fu(')150 943 y(`)p Fo(.S)p Fu(')334
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5039 y Fs(9.2)68 b(Displa)l(ying)46 b(the)g(language)275
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299 y Fo(show)29 b(language)630 408 y Fu(Displa)m(y)k(the)i(curren)m(t)
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g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(e)630 628 y(v)-5 b(ariables)29 b(in)g(y)m(our)h
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75 76 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Using)29
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2972 y(on)i(the)h(stored)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h(information.)39
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4961 y(p)s(ositiv)m(e)29 b(exp)s(onen)m(ts.)225 5095
y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(En)m(umerated)30 b(constan)m(ts)i(consist)e(of)g(en)m
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5340 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er|the)33 b(ordinal)g(v)-5 b(alue)34
b(of)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e(c)m(haracter)j(\(usually)c(its)i
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78 79 bop 150 -116 a Fu(78)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)330
299 y(Within)47 b(quotes,)55 b(the)50 b(single)d(c)m(haracter)k(ma)m(y)
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b(are)i(of)g(the)g(form)f(`)p Fo(\\)p Fn(nnn)p Fu(',)j(where)d
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518 y(the)c(c)m(haracter's)i(ordinal)c(v)-5 b(alue;)48
b(or)42 b(of)g(the)g(form)g(`)p Fo(\\)p Fn(x)6 b Fu(',)45
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628 y(c)m(haracter|for)32 b(example,)e(`)p Fo(\\n)p Fu(')g(for)g
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b(b)m(y)k(double)d(quotes)330 874 y(\()p Fo(")p Fu(\).)225
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Fo({{1,2},)29 b({3,4},)f({5,6}})p Fu(')38 b(is)g(a)330
1477 y(three-b)m(y-t)m(w)m(o)48 b(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)50
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1587 y(p)s(oin)m(ters.)150 1821 y Fk(9.4.1.3)63 b(C)p
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2153 y Fr(Warning:)45 b Fu(GDB)29 b(can)f(only)g(debug)f(C)p
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2360 y(in)k(the)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)e(table,)j(and)e(th)m(us)g(requires)f
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2464 y(compiler)27 b(generates)j(a.out,)g(MIPS)e Ft(ecoff)p
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Fu(,)h(on)g(the)390 2879 y(other)j(hand,)e(most)i(of)f(the)h(C)p
Fo(++)e Fu(supp)s(ort)g(in)g(GDB)j(do)s(es)e Fr(not)39
b Fu(w)m(ork.)199 3076 y(1.)61 b(Mem)m(b)s(er)30 b(function)f(calls)h
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3207 y Fo(count)46 b(=)i(aml->GetOriginal\(x,)42 b(y\))199
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330 4276 y(just)30 b(as)g(y)m(ou)h(do)f(in)f(C)p Fo(++)h
Fu(source|they)h(are)f(automatically)h(dereferenced.)330
4413 y(In)g(the)h(parameter)h(list)d(sho)m(wn)h(when)g(GDB)i(displa)m
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Fo(++)330 5317 y Fu(debugging)f(\(see)j(Section)e(8.2)h([Program)g(v)-5
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79 80 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Using)29
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299 y Fk(9.4.1.4)63 b(C)41 b(and)g(C)p Ff(++)f Fk(defaults)275
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150 952 y(names)33 b(end)f(with)g(`)p Fo(.c)p Fu(',)i(`)p
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y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)22 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(v)-5 b(ariables)21
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Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Flo)-5 b(ating-p)g(oint)35 b(typ)-5 b(es)39
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5340 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Bo)-5 b(ole)g(an)35 b(typ)-5 b(es)39
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(greater)e(than)e(or)g(equal)g(to)h(on)630 1127 y(in)m(tegral,)h
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2917 y Fo(*)432 b Fu(Multiplication)35 b(on)k(in)m(tegral)f(and)f
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b Fu(Division)23 b(on)i(\015oating-p)s(oin)m(t)g(t)m(yp)s(es,)h(or)g
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y Fo(*)p Fu(.)150 3778 y Fo(-)432 b Fu(Negativ)m(e.)43
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eop
83 84 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Using)29
b(GDB)j(with)d(Di\013eren)m(t)i(Languages)1553 b(83)150
299 y Fo(SIZE\()p Fn(x)6 b Fo(\))138 b Fu(Returns)29
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y Fo(VAL\()p Fn(t)p Fo(,)p Fn(i)5 b Fo(\))126 b Fu(Returns)29
b(the)i(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)g(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f Fn(t)j
Fu(whose)d(ordinal)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)h Fn(i)p Fu(.)390
772 y Fr(Warning:)49 b Fu(Sets)32 b(and)f(their)g(op)s(erations)h(are)g
(not)g(y)m(et)h(supp)s(orted,)e(so)h(GDB)h(treats)g(the)390
876 y(use)d(of)h(pro)s(cedures)e Fo(INCL)g Fu(and)h Fo(EXCL)f
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1429 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(In)m(teger)32 b(constan)m(ts)h(are)f(simply)d(a)
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2112 y(p)s(oin)m(t)c(constan)m(t)j(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(v)-5
b(alid)29 b(decimal)g(\(base)i(10\))h(digits.)225 2246
y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Character)24 b(constan)m(ts)h(consist)e(of)h(a)g
(single)e(c)m(haracter)k(enclosed)d(b)m(y)h(a)g(pair)e(of)i(lik)m(e)f
(quotes,)i(either)330 2356 y(single)c(\()p Fo(')p Fu(\))j(or)f(double)e
(\()p Fo(")p Fu(\).)38 b(They)23 b(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(expressed)h
(b)m(y)f(their)g(ordinal)f(v)-5 b(alue)22 b(\(their)g(ASCI)s(I)330
2465 y(v)-5 b(alue,)30 b(usually\))f(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(a)h(`)p
Fo(C)p Fu('.)225 2600 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(String)33 b(constan)m(ts)i
(consist)f(of)g(a)h(sequence)g(of)f(c)m(haracters)i(enclosed)e(b)m(y)g
(a)g(pair)f(of)i(lik)m(e)e(quotes,)330 2710 y(either)k(single)g(\()p
Fo(')p Fu(\))h(or)f(double)g(\()p Fo(")p Fu(\).)63 b(Escap)s(e)38
b(sequences)f(in)g(the)h(st)m(yle)g(of)g(C)f(are)h(also)g(allo)m(w)m
(ed.)330 2819 y(See)e(Section)f(9.4.1.2)j([C)e(and)f(C)p
Fo(++)f Fu(constan)m(ts],)39 b(page)d(77,)i(for)d(a)h(brief)e
(explanation)h(of)g(escap)s(e)330 2929 y(sequences.)225
3064 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(En)m(umerated)30 b(constan)m(ts)i(consist)e(of)g
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b Fu(Bo)s(olean)31 b(constan)m(ts)g(consist)f(of)h(the)f(iden)m
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y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(P)m(oin)m(ter)31 b(constan)m(ts)g(consist)f(of)h(in)m
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b Fu(Set)31 b(constan)m(ts)g(are)g(not)f(y)m(et)i(supp)s(orted.)150
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3885 y Fu(If)h(t)m(yp)s(e)h(and)f(range)i(c)m(hec)m(king)g(are)f(set)g
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(orking)e(language.)275 4239 y(If)d(y)m(ou)h(allo)m(w)f(GDB)i(to)g(set)
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(de)g(compiled)e(from)i(a)150 4349 y(\014le)h(whose)g(name)h(ends)f
(with)f(`)p Fo(.mod)p Fu(')h(sets)h(the)g(w)m(orking)f(language)h(to)h
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y([Ha)m(ving)j(GDB)g(set)g(the)g(language)g(automatically],)f(page)h
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b(Deviations)41 b(from)g(standard)g(Mo)s(dula-2)275 4876
y Fu(A)c(few)h(c)m(hanges)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(made)h(to)g(mak)m(e)
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b(is)150 4986 y(done)30 b(primarily)d(via)j(lo)s(osening)f(its)h(t)m
(yp)s(e)g(strictness:)225 5121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Unlik)m(e)25
b(in)h(standard)f(Mo)s(dula-2,)i(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(constan)m(ts)h(can)g
(b)s(e)f(formed)g(b)m(y)g(in)m(tegers.)40 b(This)25 b(allo)m(ws)330
5230 y(y)m(ou)32 b(to)h(mo)s(dify)d(p)s(oin)m(ter)h(v)-5
b(ariables)31 b(during)f(debugging.)44 b(\(In)32 b(standard)f(Mo)s
(dula-2,)h(the)h(actual)330 5340 y(address)38 b(con)m(tained)h(in)f(a)h
(p)s(oin)m(ter)f(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(is)g(hidden)f(from)h(y)m(ou;)44
b(it)38 b(can)i(only)e(b)s(e)g(mo)s(di\014ed)p eop
84 85 bop 150 -116 a Fu(84)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)330
299 y(through)38 b(direct)g(assignmen)m(t)g(to)i(another)e(p)s(oin)m
(ter)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(or)i(expression)e(that)i(returned)f(a)330
408 y(p)s(oin)m(ter.\))225 541 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(C)37
b(escap)s(e)g(sequences)h(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(in)g(strings)g(and)g(c)m
(haracters)j(to)f(represen)m(t)f(non-prin)m(table)330
651 y(c)m(haracters.)76 b(GDB)43 b(prin)m(ts)d(out)i(strings)f(with)f
(these)j(escap)s(e)f(sequences)g(em)m(b)s(edded.)74 b(Single)330
761 y(non-prin)m(table)28 b(c)m(haracters)k(are)f(prin)m(ted)e(using)g
(the)h(`)p Fo(CHR\()p Fn(nnn)p Fo(\))p Fu(')e(format.)225
893 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(assignmen)m(t)g(op)s(erator)h(\()p
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(t-hand)f(argumen)m(t.)225 1026 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(All)29
b(built-in)e(pro)s(cedures)i(b)s(oth)h(mo)s(dify)f Fr(and)40
b Fu(return)30 b(their)f(argumen)m(t.)150 1246 y Fk(9.4.2.6)63
b(Mo)s(dula-2)43 b(t)m(yp)s(e)d(and)h(range)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)390
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275 1564 y(GDB)g(considers)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(Mo)s(dula-2)e(v)-5
b(ariables)29 b(t)m(yp)s(e)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)29 b(if:)225
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b(via)h(a)h Fo(TYPE)e Fn(t1)39 b Fo(=)30 b Fn(t2)38 b
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b(is)h(true)g(of)h(the)h Ft(gnu)e Fu(Mo)s(dula-2)330
1939 y(compiler,)c(but)h(it)g(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(true)g(of)h(other)
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b(c)m(hec)m(king)h(is)e(done)h(on)g(all)f(mathematical)h(op)s
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2447 y(and)30 b(all)f(built-in)e(functions)i(and)h(pro)s(cedures.)150
2667 y Fk(9.4.2.7)63 b(The)42 b(scop)s(e)f(op)s(erators)i
Ff(::)e Fk(and)g Ff(.)275 2858 y Fu(There)e(are)i(a)g(few)f(subtle)f
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b(scop)s(e)g(op)s(erator)g(\()p Fo(::)p Fu(\).)40 b(The)30
b(t)m(w)m(o)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(similar)27 b(syn)m(tax:)390
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b Fo(::)47 b Fn(id)150 3435 y Fu(where)28 b Fn(scop)s(e)33
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(y)m(our)k(program,)f(except)h(another)g(mo)s(dule.)275
3677 y(Using)e(the)h Fo(::)f Fu(op)s(erator)h(mak)m(es)h(GDB)g(searc)m
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b Fu(for)30 b(the)g(iden)m(ti\014er)150 3787 y Fn(id)p
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(the)i(one)150 3897 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h Fn(scop)s(e)p
Fu(.)275 4030 y(Using)d(the)i Fo(.)g Fu(op)s(erator)f(mak)m(es)i(GDB)g
(searc)m(h)f(the)g(curren)m(t)f(scop)s(e)h(for)f(the)h(iden)m(ti\014er)
e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)150 4139 y Fn(id)33 b Fu(that)f(w)m(as)f(imp)s
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(y)i Fn(mo)s(dule)p Fu(.)40 b(With)31 b(this)e(op)s(erator,)150
4249 y(it)f(is)f(an)h(error)f(if)g(the)h(iden)m(ti\014er)f
Fn(id)j Fu(w)m(as)e(not)h(imp)s(orted)d(from)h(de\014nition)f(mo)s
(dule)h Fn(mo)s(dule)p Fu(,)g(or)h(if)f Fn(id)j Fu(is)150
4358 y(not)h(an)f(iden)m(ti\014er)e(in)i Fn(mo)s(dule)p
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b(sub)s(com-)150 4878 y(mands)31 b(of)h Fo(set)e(print)h
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(aid)e(the)h(debugging)f(of)h Fn(dynamic)e(arra)m(ys)p
Fu(,)p eop
85 86 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Using)29
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299 y(whic)m(h)23 b(cannot)j(b)s(e)e(created)h(in)f(Mo)s(dula-2)g(as)h
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(eginning)e(of)j(a)150 760 y(commen)m(t.)42 b(Use)31
b Fo(<>)e Fu(instead.)150 978 y Fk(9.4.3)63 b(Chill)275
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(Chill)f(only)i(supp)s(ort)g(output)g(from)h(the)g(GNU)150
1278 y(Chill)e(compiler.)85 b(Other)45 b(Chill)e(compilers)g(are)j(not)
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1388 y(debug)34 b(executables)i(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)i(them)g(is)f(most)
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150 1497 y(executable's)d(sym)m(b)s(ol)e(table.)275 1630
y(This)37 b(section)j(co)m(v)m(ers)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)e(Chill)f
(related)i(topics)h(and)f(the)h(features)g(of)f(GDB)i(whic)m(h)150
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2258 y(of)e(the)g(GNU)g(Chill)d(compiler,)i(and)g(therefore)i(deviates)
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b(UBYTE,)f(INT,)h(UINT,)g(LONG,)810 2742 y(ULONG)p Fu(,)705
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b Fu(whic)m(h)29 b(is)g(prede\014ned)g(b)m(y)h Fo(BOOL)p
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b(alues)30 b(are)g(omitted.)705 3634 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(R)-5
b(ange)46 b(Mo)-5 b(de)52 b Fu(whic)m(h)43 b(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m
(y)h Fo(type)30 b(=)g(<basemode>)d(\(<lower)i(bound>)810
3744 y(:)h(<upper)f(bound>\))p Fu(,)37 b(where)g Fo(<lower)28
b(bound>,)h(<upper)f(bound>)36 b Fu(can)i(b)s(e)e(of)i(an)m(y)810
3854 y(discrete)30 b(literal)f(expression)g(\(e.g.)42
b(set)31 b(elemen)m(t)g(names\).)150 4009 y Fr(Powerset)g(Mo)-5
b(de:)630 4119 y Fu(A)21 b(P)m(o)m(w)m(erset)j(Mo)s(de)d(is)f(displa)m
(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)i(the)f(k)m(eyw)m(ord)h Fo(POWERSET)d
Fu(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)g(the)h(mem)m(b)s(er)630 4228
y(mo)s(de)30 b(of)g(the)h(p)s(o)m(w)m(erset.)41 b(The)30
b(mem)m(b)s(er)g(mo)s(de)g(can)h(b)s(e)e(an)m(y)i(discrete)f(mo)s(de.)
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(SET)h(\(egon,)f(hugo,)g(otto\))150 4614 y Fr(R)-5 b(efer)g(enc)g(e)31
b(Mo)-5 b(des:)705 4723 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Bound)35 b(R)-5
b(efer)g(enc)g(e)34 b(Mo)-5 b(de)40 b Fu(whic)m(h)30
b(is)h(dipla)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(k)m(eyw)m(ord)h
Fo(REF)e Fu(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)810 4833 y(the)g(mo)s(de)f(name)g
(to)h(whic)m(h)e(the)i(reference)g(is)e(b)s(ound.)705
4965 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(F)-7 b(r)i(e)g(e)34 b(R)-5 b(efer)g(enc)g(e)33
b(Mo)-5 b(de)38 b Fu(whic)m(h)29 b(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(the)h
(k)m(eyw)m(ord)g Fo(PTR)p Fu(.)150 5121 y Fr(Pr)-5 b(o)g(c)g(e)g(dur)g
(e)33 b(mo)-5 b(de)630 5230 y Fu(The)22 b(pro)s(cedure)g(mo)s(de)h(is)f
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j(<return)630 5340 y(mode>)g(EXCEPTIONS)f(\(<exception)f(list>\))p
Fu(.)69 b(The)40 b Fo(<parameter)27 b(list>)39 b Fu(is)h(a)h(list)e(of)
p eop
86 87 bop 150 -116 a Fu(86)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)630
299 y(the)35 b(parameter)g(mo)s(des.)53 b Fo(<return)28
b(mode>)33 b Fu(indicates)h(the)h(mo)s(de)f(of)h(the)f(result)g(of)h
(the)630 408 y(pro)s(cedure)g(if)h(an)m(y)-8 b(.)60 b(The)36
b(exceptionlist)g(lists)f(all)g(p)s(ossible)g(exceptions)h(whic)m(h)g
(can)h(b)s(e)630 518 y(raised)29 b(b)m(y)i(the)f(pro)s(cedure.)150
701 y Fr(Synchr)-5 b(onization)33 b(Mo)-5 b(des:)705
811 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Event)23 b(Mo)-5 b(de)27 b Fu(whic)m(h)19
b(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)h Fo(EVENT)29 b(\(<event)f(length>\))p
Fu(,)20 b(where)g Fo(\(<event)810 921 y(length>\))28
b Fu(is)i(optional.)705 1067 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Bu\013er)42
b(Mo)-5 b(de)48 b Fu(whic)m(h)39 b(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g
Fo(BUFFER)29 b(\(<buffer)f(length>\))g(<buffer)810 1177
y(element)g(mode>)p Fu(,)i(where)f Fo(\(<buffer)g(length>\))f
Fu(is)h(optional.)150 1360 y Fr(Timing)h(Mo)-5 b(des:)705
1470 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Dur)-5 b(ation)34 b(Mo)-5 b(de)38
b Fu(whic)m(h)29 b(is)g(prede\014ned)g(b)m(y)h Fo(DURATION)705
1616 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(A)n(bsolute)32 b(Time)h(Mo)-5
b(de)38 b Fu(whic)m(h)29 b(is)g(prede\014ned)g(b)m(y)h
Fo(TIME)150 1800 y Fr(R)-5 b(e)g(al)32 b(Mo)-5 b(des:)630
1909 y Fu(Real)30 b(Mo)s(des)h(are)f(prede\014ned)f(with)g
Fo(REAL)g Fu(and)h Fo(LONG_REAL)p Fu(.)150 2093 y Fr(String)h(Mo)-5
b(des:)705 2202 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Char)-5 b(acter)43
b(String)f(Mo)-5 b(de)47 b Fu(whic)m(h)38 b(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m
(y)h Fo(CHARS\(<string)27 b(length>\))p Fu(,)810 2312
y(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)g(the)h(k)m(eyw)m(ord)g Fo(VARYING)d
Fu(if)h(the)i(String)e(Mo)s(de)h(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(arying)29
b(mo)s(de)705 2458 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Bit)33 b(String)g(Mo)-5
b(de)37 b Fu(whic)m(h)29 b(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)h
Fo(BOOLS\(<string)d(length>\))p Fu(.)150 2642 y Fr(A)n(rr)-5
b(ay)31 b(Mo)-5 b(de:)630 2751 y Fu(The)29 b(Arra)m(y)g(Mo)s(de)h(is)e
(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(the)h(k)m(eyw)m(ord)f Fo(ARRAY\(<range>\))d
Fu(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)g(the)630 2861 y(elemen)m(t)i(mo)s(de)f
(\(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)i(in)e(turn)h(b)s(e)f(an)i(arra)m(y)f(mo)s(de\).)
870 3002 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(ptype)h(x)870 3105 y(type)g(=)g(ARRAY)f
(\(1:42\))1347 3209 y(ARRAY)h(\(1:20\))1490 3313 y(SET)g(\(karli)f(=)i
(10,)f(susi)f(=)i(20,)f(fritzi)f(=)h(100\))150 3496 y
Fr(Structur)-5 b(e)31 b(Mo)-5 b(de)630 3606 y Fu(The)29
b(Structure)g(mo)s(de)g(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)i(the)g(k)m(eyw)m
(ord)g Fo(STRUCT\(<field)d(list>\))p Fu(.)38 b(The)630
3716 y Fo(<field)29 b(list>)j Fu(consists)h(of)h(names)f(and)g(mo)s
(des)h(of)f(\014elds)g(of)g(the)h(structure.)50 b(V)-8
b(arian)m(t)630 3825 y(structures)24 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(k)m(eyw)m
(ord)h Fo(CASE)j(<field>)f(OF)i(<variant)e(fields>)h(ESAC)23
b Fu(in)h(their)630 3935 y(\014eld)c(list.)36 b(Since)20
b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)g(the)g(GNU)h(Chill)c(compiler)h
(do)s(esn't)i(implemen)m(t)630 4044 y(tag)30 b(pro)s(cessing)e(\(no)h
(run)m(time)e(c)m(hec)m(ks)j(of)f(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)29
b(\014elds,)f(and)g(therefore)h(no)g(debugging)630 4154
y(info\),)h(the)g(output)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(displa)m(ys)e(all)g(v)-5
b(arian)m(t)30 b(\014elds.)870 4295 y Fo(\(gdb\))46 b(ptype)h(str)870
4398 y(type)g(=)g(STRUCT)f(\()1061 4502 y(as)h(x,)1061
4606 y(bs)g(x,)1061 4710 y(CASE)g(bs)g(OF)1061 4814 y(\(karli\):)1252
4917 y(cs)g(a)1061 5021 y(\(ott\):)1252 5125 y(ds)g(x)1061
5229 y(ESAC)870 5332 y(\))p eop
87 88 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 b(Using)29
b(GDB)j(with)d(Di\013eren)m(t)i(Languages)1553 b(87)150
299 y Fk(9.4.3.2)63 b(Lo)s(cations)41 b(and)g(their)g(accesses)275
511 y Fu(A)30 b(lo)s(cation)g(in)f(Chill)e(is)j(an)g(ob)5
b(ject)31 b(whic)m(h)e(can)i(con)m(tain)g(v)-5 b(alues.)275
666 y(A)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)h(a)g(lo)s(cation)g(is)f(generally)g
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(cation.)45 b(The)150 775 y(output)30 b(conforms)g(to)h(the)g(sp)s
(eci\014cation)e(of)h(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(in)f(Chill)e(programs.)41
b(Ho)m(w)31 b(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(are)g(sp)s(eci\014ed,)150
885 y(and)g(whic)m(h)f(op)s(erations)h(are)g(v)-5 b(alid)29
b(is)g(the)i(topic)f(of)h(the)f(next)h(section.)275 1039
y(The)f(pseudo-lo)s(cation)g Fo(RESULT)g Fu(\(or)h Fo(result)p
Fu(\))f(can)i(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(displa)m(y)d(or)i(c)m(hange)h(the)g
(result)e(of)150 1149 y(a)h(curren)m(tly-activ)m(e)g(pro)s(cedure:)390
1298 y Fo(set)47 b(result)f(:=)h(EXPR)275 1452 y Fu(-)30
b(do)s(es)g(the)h(same)g(as)f(the)h(Chill)c(action)k
Fo(RESULT)d(EXPR)i Fu(\(whic)m(h)f(is)g(not)i(a)m(v)-5
b(ailable)30 b(in)f(gdb\).)275 1606 y(V)-8 b(alues)36
b(of)h(reference)g(mo)s(de)g(lo)s(cations)f(are)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)i
Fo(PTR\(<hex)28 b(value>\))35 b Fu(in)g(case)j(of)f(a)g(free)150
1716 y(reference)f(mo)s(de,)h(and)f(b)m(y)g Fo(\(REF)29
b(<reference)e(mode>\))i(\(<hex-value>\))j Fu(in)j(case)i(of)f(a)g(b)s
(ound)e(ref-)150 1826 y(erence.)58 b Fo(<hex)29 b(value>)35
b Fu(represen)m(ts)h(the)g(address)f(where)g(the)h(reference)h(p)s(oin)
m(ts)e(to.)58 b(T)-8 b(o)36 b(access)i(the)150 1935 y(v)-5
b(alue)30 b(of)g(the)h(lo)s(cation)f(referenced)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(p)s
(oin)m(ter,)f(use)g(the)g(dereference)h(op)s(erator)g(`)p
Fo(->)p Fu('.)275 2090 y(V)-8 b(alues)53 b(of)i(pro)s(cedure)d(mo)s(de)
i(lo)s(cations)f(are)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)h Fo({)30
b(PROC)f(\(<argument)f(modes>)g(\))150 2199 y(<return)g(mode>)h(})h
(<address>)e(<name)h(of)h(procedure)e(location>)p Fu(.)45
b Fo(<argument)28 b(modes>)j Fu(is)g(a)i(list)150 2309
y(of)h(mo)s(des)e(according)i(to)g(the)f(parameter)h(sp)s
(eci\014cation)e(of)i(the)f(pro)s(cedure)g(and)f Fo(<address>)f
Fu(sho)m(ws)150 2418 y(the)g(address)e(of)i(the)f(en)m(try)h(p)s(oin)m
(t.)275 2573 y(Substructures)f(of)i(string)g(mo)s(de-,)h(arra)m(y)g(mo)
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b(arra)m(y)33 b(slices,)150 2682 y(\014elds)25 b(of)i(structure)f(lo)s
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(h)h(are)h(descib)s(ed)d(in)i(the)150 2792 y(next)31
b(c)m(hapter.)275 2946 y(A)g(lo)s(cation)g(v)-5 b(alue)31
b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(in)m(terpreted)h(as)h(ha)m(ving)f(a)h(di\013eren)m
(t)f(mo)s(de)g(using)f(the)i(lo)s(cation)f(con-)150 3056
y(v)m(ersion.)54 b(This)34 b(mo)s(de)g(con)m(v)m(ersion)i(is)e(written)
g(as)h Fo(<mode)29 b(name>\(<location>\))p Fu(.)50 b(The)35
b(user)f(has)h(to)150 3166 y(consider)g(that)h(the)g(sizes)f(of)h(the)g
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(message)i(o)s(ccurs.)150 3275 y(F)-8 b(urther)35 b(no)g(range)h(c)m
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g(can)g(b)s(e)g(quite)g(confusing.)390 3533 y Fo(\(gdb\))46
b(print)h(int)g(\(s\(3)f(up)h(4\)\))g(XXX)g(TO)g(be)h(filled)e(in)h(!!)
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b(an)m(t)46 b(information)d(out)i(of)g(a)g(large)g(amoun)m(t)g(of)g
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4229 y(dep)s(enden)m(t\))32 b(op)s(erations)g(de\014ned)g(whic)m(h)f
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y(when)29 b(debugging)g(complex)h(structures.)40 b(During)29
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(cations.)275 4712 y(This)37 b(sub)s(c)m(hapters)h(describ)s(es)g(ho)m
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(used)g(with)f(suc)m(h)h(v)-5 b(alues.)150 5011 y Fo(Literal)28
b(Values)630 5121 y Fu(Literal)f(v)-5 b(alues)28 b(are)g(sp)s
(eci\014ed)e(in)h(the)h(same)h(manner)e(as)h(in)f(GNU)i(Chill)c
(programs.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)630 5230 y(detailed)35 b(sp)s(eci\014cation)f
(refer)i(to)g(the)g(GNU)g(Chill)c(implemen)m(tation)j(Man)m(ual)g(c)m
(hapter)630 5340 y(1.5.)p eop
88 89 bop 150 -116 a Fu(88)2644 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fo(Tuple)g(Values)630 408 y Fu(A)21 b(tuple)f(is)g(sp)s
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b(where)h Fo(<mode)29 b(name>)20 b Fu(can)h(b)s(e)g(omit-)630
518 y(ted)32 b(if)f(the)i(mo)s(de)e(of)i(the)f(tuple)f(is)g(unam)m
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628 y(the)g(con)m(text)h(of)e(a)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)31
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b(T)-7 b(uple)705 1023 y Fq(\017)60 b Fr(Structur)-5
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g(tuples)d(and)i(structure)f(tuples)g(are)h(sp)s(ec-)810
1133 y(i\014ed)29 b(in)g(the)i(same)f(manner)g(as)h(in)e(Chill)e
(programs)j(refer)g(z200/88)j(c)m(hpt)e(5.2.5.)150 1287
y Fo(String)e(Element)f(Value)630 1397 y Fu(A)60 b(string)e(elemen)m(t)
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b(value>\(<index>\))p Fu(,)62 b(where)630 1506 y Fo(<index>)22
b Fu(is)h(a)h(in)m(teger)g(expression.)38 b(It)23 b(deliv)m(ers)g(a)h
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b(alen)m(t)630 1616 y(to)31 b(the)g(c)m(haracter)h(indexed)d(b)m(y)h
Fo(<index>)e Fu(in)h(the)i(string.)150 1770 y Fo(String)e(Slice)g
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2208 y(tains.)39 b(The)25 b(deliv)m(ered)g(v)-5 b(alue)25
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Fu(and)k(deliv)m(ers)g(a)630 2582 y(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)g(v)-5
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b(.)150 3328 y Fo(Structure)28 b(Field)h(Values)630 3438
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390 5340 y Fo(clear)46 b(-[NSWindow)f(makeKeyAndOrderFront:])p
eop
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Fo(exceptionHook)c Fu(is)j(called)g(with)f(one)i(parameter:)39
b(an)26 b Fo(int)330 2575 y Fu(whic)m(h)j(is)h(the)g(exception)h(n)m
(um)m(b)s(er.)199 2706 y(4.)61 b(Compile)36 b(and)i(link)e(together:)57
b(y)m(our)38 b(program,)i(the)e(GDB)h(debugging)e(stub)h(for)f(y)m(our)
h(target)330 2816 y(arc)m(hitecture,)31 b(and)f(the)h(supp)s(orting)c
(subroutines.)199 2946 y(5.)61 b(Mak)m(e)41 b(sure)d(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m
(e)h(a)g(serial)d(connection)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(y)m(our)g(target)i
(mac)m(hine)d(and)h(the)g(GDB)330 3056 y(host,)31 b(and)e(iden)m(tify)g
(the)i(serial)e(p)s(ort)h(on)g(the)h(host.)199 3187 y(6.)61
b(Do)m(wnload)26 b(y)m(our)g(program)g(to)h(y)m(our)f(target)h(mac)m
(hine)f(\(or)g(get)h(it)f(there)g(b)m(y)g(whatev)m(er)h(means)f(the)330
3297 y(man)m(ufacturer)k(pro)m(vides\),)g(and)g(start)h(it.)199
3428 y(7.)61 b(T)-8 b(o)24 b(start)g(remote)h(debugging,)f(run)e(GDB)j
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(executable)330 3537 y(\014le)34 b(the)i(program)e(that)i(is)e(running)
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y(Then)24 b(establish)f(comm)m(unication)i(using)f(the)h
Fo(target)j(remote)c Fu(command.)38 b(Its)26 b(argumen)m(t)f(sp)s(ec-)
330 3887 y(i\014es)32 b(ho)m(w)g(to)i(comm)m(unicate)f(with)e(the)i
(target)h(mac)m(hine|either)e(via)g(a)h(devicename)g(attac)m(hed)330
3997 y(to)i(a)g(direct)f(serial)f(line,)h(or)g(a)h(TCP)e(p)s(ort)h
(\(usually)e(to)k(a)e(terminal)f(serv)m(er)i(whic)m(h)e(in)g(turn)g
(has)330 4106 y(a)j(serial)e(line)g(to)i(the)g(target\).)58
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(to)g(the)g(device)330 4216 y(named)30 b(`)p Fo(/dev/ttyb)p
Fu(':)570 4341 y Fo(target)46 b(remote)g(/dev/ttyb)330
4472 y Fu(T)-8 b(o)36 b(use)f(a)h(TCP)f(connection,)i(use)f(an)f
(argumen)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(form)f Fn(host)r Fo(:port)p
Fu(.)55 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(example,)h(to)330 4582 y(connect)31
b(to)g(p)s(ort)f(2828)i(on)f(a)f(terminal)f(serv)m(er)i(named)f
Fo(manyfarms)p Fu(:)570 4707 y Fo(target)46 b(remote)g(manyfarms:2828)
275 4859 y Fu(No)m(w)32 b(y)m(ou)g(can)g(use)g(all)f(the)h(usual)e
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(and)150 4969 y(con)m(tin)m(ue)f(the)f(remote)h(program.)275
5099 y(T)-8 b(o)30 b(resume)g(the)h(remote)g(program)f(and)g(stop)g
(debugging)g(it,)g(use)g(the)h Fo(detach)d Fu(command.)275
5230 y(Whenev)m(er)34 b(GDB)g(is)f(w)m(aiting)g(for)g(the)h(remote)h
(program,)f(if)f(y)m(ou)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f(the)h(in)m(terrupt)e(c)m
(haracter)150 5340 y(\(often)411 5337 y Fj(h)p 435 5284
126 4 v 435 5340 a Fi(C-C)p 435 5355 V 557 5337 a Fj(i)587
5340 y Fu(\),)27 b(GDB)h(attempts)f(to)g(stop)g(the)g(program.)39
b(This)24 b(ma)m(y)j(or)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g(succeed,)g(dep)s(ending)p
eop
116 117 bop 150 -116 a Fu(116)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(in)38 b(part)h(on)h(the)f(hardw)m(are)g(and)g(the)h(serial)e
(driv)m(ers)g(the)i(remote)g(system)g(uses.)67 b(If)39
b(y)m(ou)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(the)150 408 y(in)m(terrupt)29
b(c)m(haracter)j(once)f(again,)g(GDB)g(displa)m(ys)e(this)g(prompt:)390
538 y Fo(Interrupted)45 b(while)h(waiting)g(for)h(the)g(program.)390
642 y(Give)g(up)g(\(and)f(stop)h(debugging)e(it\)?)95
b(\(y)47 b(or)g(n\))275 778 y Fu(If)28 b(y)m(ou)i(t)m(yp)s(e)g
Fl(y)p Fu(,)f(GDB)i(abandons)d(the)i(remote)g(debugging)e(session.)40
b(\(If)29 b(y)m(ou)h(decide)e(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)150
888 y(try)k(again)g(later,)g(y)m(ou)h(can)f(use)f(`)p
Fo(target)c(remote)p Fu(')j(again)i(to)h(connect)g(once)f(more.\))52
b(If)33 b(y)m(ou)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fl(n)p Fu(,)150 997 y(GDB)d(go)s(es)g
(bac)m(k)h(to)f(w)m(aiting.)150 1224 y Fk(13.4.1.4)63
b(Comm)m(unication)40 b(proto)s(col)275 1418 y Fu(The)k(stub)f(\014les)
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(the)f(comm)m(unication)150 1527 y(proto)s(col,)33 b(and)f(the)g(GDB)i
(side)d(is)h(implemen)m(ted)e(in)h(the)i(GDB)g(source)g(\014le)e(`)p
Fo(remote.c)p Fu('.)45 b(Normally)-8 b(,)150 1637 y(y)m(ou)33
b(can)f(simply)e(allo)m(w)i(these)g(subroutines)e(to)j(comm)m(unicate,)
h(and)e(ignore)f(the)i(details.)45 b(\(If)32 b(y)m(ou're)150
1747 y(implemen)m(ting)39 b(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)h(stub)f(\014le,)j(y)m(ou)
e(can)h(still)c(ignore)j(the)g(details:)61 b(start)41
b(with)f(one)h(of)g(the)150 1856 y(existing)26 b(stub)h(\014les.)39
b(`)p Fo(sparc-stub.c)p Fu(')24 b(is)j(the)h(b)s(est)f(organized,)h
(and)f(therefore)h(the)f(easiest)h(to)g(read.\))275 1992
y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)e(there)c(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(o)s(ccasions)i(when)e(y)
m(ou)h(need)g(to)h(kno)m(w)f(something)g(ab)s(out)g(the)g(proto)s(col|)
150 2102 y(for)34 b(example,)i(if)d(there)i(is)f(only)g(one)g(serial)g
(p)s(ort)g(to)h(y)m(our)g(target)h(mac)m(hine,)f(y)m(ou)g(migh)m(t)g(w)
m(an)m(t)g(y)m(our)150 2211 y(program)30 b(to)h(do)g(something)e(sp)s
(ecial)g(if)h(it)g(recognizes)h(a)f(pac)m(k)m(et)j(mean)m(t)e(for)f
(GDB.)275 2347 y(In)e(the)i(examples)f(b)s(elo)m(w,)h(`)p
Fo(<-)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Fo(->)p Fu(')h(are)g(used)e(to)j(indicate)d
(transmitted)h(and)g(receiv)m(ed)h(data)150 2457 y(resp)s(ectfully)-8
b(.)275 2592 y(All)30 b(GDB)i(commands)f(and)g(resp)s(onses)g(\(other)h
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Fn(pac)m(k)m(et)p Fu(.)150 2702 y(A)43 b Fn(pac)m(k)m(et)j
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3453 y Fu(The)h(t)m(w)m(o-digit)h Fn(c)m(hec)m(ksum)h
Fu(is)e(computed)g(as)h(the)g(mo)s(dulo)e(256)j(sum)e(of)h(all)e(c)m
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Fo($)p Fu(')i(and)f(the)h(trailing)e(`)p Fo(#)p Fu(')i(\(that)g
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(wledgmen)m(t.)67 b(Bey)m(ond)150 3917 y(that)31 b(its)f(meaning)f(is)h
(p)s(o)s(orly)e(de\014ned.)40 b(GDB)31 b(is)f(not)g(kno)m(wn)g(to)h
(output)f Fn(sequence-id)t Fu(s.)275 4053 y(When)24 b(either)h(the)g
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4163 y(is)30 b(an)g(ac)m(kno)m(wledgmen)m(t:)42 b(either)30
b(`)p Fo(+)p Fu(')h(\(to)h(indicate)d(the)i(pac)m(k)-5
b(age)33 b(w)m(as)d(receiv)m(ed)h(correctly\))h(or)e(`)p
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4402 y Fo(<-)47 b($)p Fn(pac)m(k)m(et-data)p Fo(#)p Fn(c)m(hec)m(ksum)
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m(et)h(included)28 b(a)k Fn(sequence-id)i Fu(than)d(that)h(is)e(app)s
(ended)f(to)j(a)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)e(ac)m(kno)m(wl-)150
4751 y(edgmen)m(t:)390 4881 y Fo(<-)47 b($)p Fn(sequence-id)t
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4985 y Fo(->)g(+)p Fn(sequence-id)275 5121 y Fu(The)31
b(host)i(\(GDB\))h(sends)d Fn(command)t Fu(s,)h(and)g(the)h(target)g
(\(the)g(debugging)f(stub)f(incorp)s(orated)g(in)150
5230 y(y)m(our)f(program\))h(sends)e(a)i Fn(resp)s(onse)p
Fu(.)40 b(In)29 b(the)i(case)g(of)g(step)f(and)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h
Fn(command)t Fu(s,)e(the)i(resp)s(onse)150 5340 y(is)e(only)h(sen)m(t)h
(when)e(the)i(op)s(eration)f(has)g(completed)g(\(the)h(target)h(has)e
(again)g(stopp)s(ed\).)p eop
117 118 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(117)275 299 y Fn(pac)m(k)m
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(an)g(exception\).)49 b(`)p Fo(:)p Fu(')34 b(can)f(not)g(app)s(ear)g
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b(Fields)150 518 y(within)29 b(the)j(pac)m(k)m(et)h(should)d(b)s(e)h
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Fu(')h(\(unfortunately)e(some)i(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(c)m(hose)150
628 y(to)28 b(use)e(`)p Fo(:)p Fu('\).)40 b(Except)27
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891 y(Resp)s(onse)40 b Fn(data)h Fu(can)g(b)s(e)f(run-length)f(enco)s
(ded)i(to)g(sa)m(v)m(e)i(space.)72 b(A)41 b(`)p Fo(*)p
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1110 y(of)e(the)g(c)m(haracter)h(preceding)e(the)h(`)p
Fo(*)p Fu('.)38 b(The)20 b(enco)s(ding)g(is)g Fo(n+29)p
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1373 y(So:)390 1521 y Fo("0*)47 b(")150 1675 y Fu(means)30
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1828 y(The)35 b(error)h(resp)s(onse,)h(returned)f(for)g(some)h(pac)m(k)
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y(returned.)h(That)29 b(w)m(a)m(y)g(it)f(is)g(p)s(ossible)e(to)k
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(corresp)s(onding)150 2574 y(resp)s(onse)29 b Fn(data)p
Fu(:)150 2728 y(P)m(ac)m(k)m(et)919 b(Request)763 b(Description)150
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3227 y(col)30 b(supp)s(ort)f(the)h(`)p Fo(R)p Fu(')h(pac)m(k)m(et.)1330
3345 y(reply)e(`')800 b(Stubs)39 b(that)i(supp)s(ort)e(the)i(extended)
2410 3455 y(remote)48 b(proto)s(col)f(return)e(`')j(whic)m(h,)2410
3565 y(unfortunately)-8 b(,)46 b(is)d(iden)m(tical)f(to)j(the)2410
3674 y(resp)s(onse)i(returned)g(b)m(y)i(stubs)e(that)2410
3784 y(do)59 b(not)g(supp)s(ort)e(proto)s(col)i(exten-)2410
3893 y(sions.)150 4064 y(last)30 b(signal)779 b Fo(?)1032
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4283 y(generated)j(for)f(step)g(or)g(con)m(t)i(:)50 b
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Fr(\(optional\))1330 4733 y Fo(A)p Fn(arglen)p Fo(,)p
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2410 5061 y(co)s(ded)30 b(b)m(yte)h(stream)g Fn(arg)p
Fu(.)1330 5180 y(reply)e Fo(OK)1330 5290 y Fu(reply)g
Fo(E)p Fn(NN)p eop
118 119 bop 150 -116 a Fu(118)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(set)i(baud)e Fm(\(deprecated\))304 b Fo(b)p Fn(baud)834
b Fu(Change)53 b(the)g(serial)f(line)g(sp)s(eed)g(to)2410
408 y Fn(baud)p Fu(.)39 b(JTC:)30 b Fr(When)i(do)-5 b(es)34
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102 b(When)2410 628 y(it's)58 b(r)-5 b(e)g(c)g(eive)g(d,)66
b(or)59 b(after)g(the)g(A)n(CK)2410 737 y(is)g(tr)-5
b(ansmitte)g(d.)124 b(In)60 b(either)f(c)-5 b(ase,)2410
847 y(ther)g(e)26 b(ar)-5 b(e)27 b(pr)-5 b(oblems)28
b(if)d(the)i(c)-5 b(ommand)2410 956 y(or)48 b(the)g(acknow)5
b(le)-5 b(dgment)49 b(p)-5 b(acket)48 b(is)2410 1066
y(dr)-5 b(opp)g(e)g(d.)109 b Fu(Stan:)84 b Fr(If)52 b(p)-5
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b(d)32 b(to)e(add)i(something)f(like)f(this,)2410 1285
y(and)55 b(get)g(it)g(working)g(for)h(the)f(\014rst)2410
1395 y(time,)k(they)54 b(ought)g(to)g(mo)-5 b(dify)55
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b(om)2410 1943 y(r)g(emote)58 b(pr)-5 b(oto)g(c)g(ol's)61
b(p)-5 b(oint)59 b(of)f(view,)2410 2052 y(nothing)33
b(actual)5 b(ly)34 b(happ)-5 b(ene)g(d.)150 2222 y Fu(set)21
b(breakp)s(oin)m(t)e Fm(\(deprecated\))94 b Fo(B)p Fn(addr)p
Fu(,)p Fn(mo)s(de)609 b Fu(Set)41 b(\()p Fn(mo)s(de)46
b Fu(is)40 b(`)p Fo(S)p Fu('\))i(or)f(clear)g(\()p Fn(mo)s(de)2410
2332 y Fu(is)31 b(`)p Fo(C)p Fu('\))i(a)g(breakp)s(oin)m(t)e(at)i
Fn(addr)p Fu(.)46 b Fr(This)2410 2442 y(has)26 b(b)-5
b(e)g(en)25 b(r)-5 b(eplac)g(e)g(d)28 b(by)c(the)i(`)p
Fo(Z)p Fr(')e(and)j(`)p Fo(z)p Fr(')2410 2551 y(p)-5
b(ackets.)150 2721 y Fu(con)m(tin)m(ue)847 b Fo(c)p Fn(addr)i(addr)63
b Fu(is)56 b(address)h(to)h(resume.)121 b(If)2410 2831
y Fn(addr)27 b Fu(is)22 b(omitted,)i(resume)d(at)i(curren)m(t)2410
2941 y(address.)1330 3059 y(reply)879 b(see)31 b(b)s(elo)m(w)150
3230 y(con)m(tin)m(ue)60 b(with)f(signal)f Fr(\(op-)150
3339 y(tional\))1330 3230 y Fo(C)p Fn(sig)8 b Fo(;)p
Fn(addr)686 b Fu(Con)m(tin)m(ue)30 b(with)f(signal)g
Fn(sig)38 b Fu(\(hex)30 b(sig-)2410 3339 y(nal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\).)42
b(If)30 b Fo(;)p Fn(addr)37 b Fu(is)30 b(omitted,)2410
3449 y(resume)f(at)j(same)e(address.)1330 3567 y(reply)879
b(see)31 b(b)s(elo)m(w)150 3738 y(toggle)h(debug)d Fr(\(optional\))255
b Fo(d)1032 b Fu(toggle)39 b(debug)e(\015ag)h(\(see)h(386)g(&)e(68k)
2410 3847 y(stubs\))150 4017 y(detac)m(h)31 b Fr(\(optional\))500
b Fo(D)1032 b Fu(Reply)29 b(OK.)150 4188 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(e)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
4358 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(E)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 4528 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(f)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 4698 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(F)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
4868 y(read)h(registers)648 b Fo(g)1032 b Fu(Read)30
b(general)h(registers.)p eop
119 120 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(119)1330 299 y(reply)29
b Fn(XX...)639 b Fu(Eac)m(h)74 b(b)m(yte)g(of)g(register)g(data)g(is)
2410 408 y(describ)s(ed)85 b(b)m(y)i(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e(digits.)2410
518 y(The)51 b(b)m(ytes)h(with)e(the)i(register)g(are)2410
628 y(transmitted)69 b(in)f(target)j(b)m(yte)g(or-)2410
737 y(der.)120 b(The)57 b(size)g(of)g(eac)m(h)h(register)2410
847 y(and)42 b(their)g(p)s(osition)f(within)f(the)j(`)p
Fo(g)p Fu(')2410 956 y Fn(pac)m(k)m(et)29 b Fu(is)24
b(determined)f(b)m(y)i(the)h Fn(REG-)2410 1066 y(ISTER)p
2694 1066 28 4 v 31 w(RA)-10 b(W)p 2943 1066 V 33 w(SIZE)61
b Fu(and)55 b Fn(REGIS-)2410 1176 y(TER)p 2610 1176 V
32 w(NAME)36 b Fu(macros.)1330 1294 y Fo(E)p Fn(NN)896
b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error.)150 1465 y(write)g(regs)790
b Fo(G)p Fn(XX...)821 b Fu(See)54 b(`)p Fo(g)p Fu(')f(for)h(a)g
(description)e(of)i(the)2410 1574 y Fn(XX...)41 b Fu(data.)1330
1693 y(reply)29 b Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330
1802 y(reply)f Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error)150
1973 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(h)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 2143 y(set)i(thread)f Fr(\(optional\))360
b Fo(H)p Fn(c)6 b(t...)876 b Fu(Set)40 b(thread)h(for)f(subsequen)m(t)g
(op)s(era-)2410 2252 y(tions.)62 b Fn(c)43 b Fu(=)38
b(`)p Fo(c)p Fu(')f(for)h(thread)f(used)g(in)2410 2362
y(step)h(and)f(con)m(tin)m(ue;)42 b Fn(t...)65 b Fu(can)38
b(b)s(e)f(-1)2410 2472 y(for)31 b(all)g(threads.)45 b
Fn(c)37 b Fu(=)32 b(`)p Fo(g)p Fu(')g(for)f(thread)2410
2581 y(used)j(in)g(other)h(op)s(erations.)54 b(If)35
b(zero,)2410 2691 y(pic)m(k)30 b(a)g(thread,)h(an)m(y)f(thread.)1330
2809 y(reply)f Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330 2919
y(reply)f Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error)150
3089 y(cycle)98 b(step)g Fm(\(draft\))g Fr(\(op-)150
3199 y(tional\))1330 3089 y Fo(i)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p
Fn(nnn)641 b Fu(Step)40 b(the)h(remote)g(target)i(b)m(y)d(a)h(sin-)2410
3199 y(gle)27 b(clo)s(c)m(k)i(cycle.)40 b(If)27 b Fo(,)p
Fn(nnn)f Fu(is)h(presen)m(t,)2410 3308 y(cycle)40 b(step)f
Fn(nnn)g Fu(cycles.)68 b(If)40 b Fn(addr)45 b Fu(is)2410
3418 y(presen)m(t,)24 b(cycle)g(step)f(starting)g(at)g(that)2410
3528 y(address.)150 3698 y(signal)42 b(then)h(cycle)g(step)g
Fm(\(re-)150 3807 y(serv)m(ed\))31 b Fr(\(optional\))1330
3698 y Fo(I)1032 b Fu(See)48 b(`)p Fo(i)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p
Fo(S)p Fu(')h(for)g(lik)m(ely)e(syn)m(tax)2410 3807 y(and)29
b(seman)m(tics.)150 3978 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(j)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 4148 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(J)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
4318 y(kill)f(request)i Fr(\(optional\))320 b Fo(k)150
4488 y Fu(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(l)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 4658 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(L)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 4829 y(read)h(memory)657
b Fo(m)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p Fn(length)546 b Fu(Read)72
b Fn(length)f Fu(b)m(ytes)i(of)f(memory)2410 4938 y(starting)30
b(at)h(address)e Fn(addr)p Fu(.)1330 5057 y(reply)g Fn(XX...)639
b(XX...)73 b Fu(is)40 b(mem)g(con)m(ten)m(ts.)74 b(Can)41
b(b)s(e)2410 5166 y(few)m(er)30 b(b)m(ytes)h(than)g(requested)f(if)f
(able)2410 5276 y(to)i(read)f(only)g(part)g(of)g(the)h(data.)p
eop
120 121 bop 150 -116 a Fu(120)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)1330
299 y(reply)g Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b(NN)40 b Fu(is)30 b(errno)150
469 y(write)g(mem)755 b Fo(M)p Fn(addr)p Fu(,)p Fn(length)p
Fo(:)p Fn(XX...)317 b Fu(W)-8 b(rite)67 b Fn(length)g
Fu(b)m(ytes)h(of)f(memory)2410 579 y(starting)30 b(at)i(address)e
Fn(addr)p Fu(.)41 b Fn(XX...)i Fu(is)2410 688 y(the)30
b(data.)1330 807 y(reply)f Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330
917 y(reply)f Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)25 b(an)h(error)f(\(this)g
(includes)e(the)j(case)2410 1026 y(where)41 b(only)g(part)h(of)g(the)g
(data)h(w)m(as)2410 1136 y(written\).)150 1306 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(n)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
1476 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(N)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 1646 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(o)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 1817 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(O)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
1987 y(read)h(reg)h Fm(\(reserv)m(ed\))420 b Fo(p)p Fn(n...)906
b Fu(See)30 b(write)g(register.)1330 2096 y(return)f
Fn(r....)666 b Fu(The)27 b(hex)h(enco)s(ded)g(v)-5 b(alue)28
b(of)g(the)g(reg-)2410 2206 y(ister)h(in)g(target)j(b)m(yte)f(order.)
150 2376 y(write)f(reg)g Fr(\(optional\))406 b Fo(P)p
Fn(n...)p Fo(=)p Fn(r...)747 b Fu(W)-8 b(rite)33 b(register)g
Fn(n...)48 b Fu(with)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fn(r...)p
Fu(,)2410 2486 y(whic)m(h)i(con)m(tains)i(t)m(w)m(o)h(hex)e(digits)f
(for)2410 2595 y(eac)m(h)46 b(b)m(yte)g(in)e(the)h(register)g(\(target)
2410 2705 y(b)m(yte)31 b(order\).)1330 2824 y(reply)e
Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330 2933 y(reply)f Fo(E)p
Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error)150 3103 y(general)g(query)g
Fr(\(optional\))224 b Fo(q)p Fn(query)809 b Fu(Request)27
b(info)f(ab)s(out)g Fn(query)p Fu(.)39 b(In)26 b(gen-)2410
3213 y(eral)37 b(GDB)i Fn(query)8 b Fu('s)38 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f
(leading)2410 3323 y(upp)s(er)45 b(case)k(letter.)93
b(Custom)47 b(v)m(en-)2410 3432 y(dor)c(queries)g(should)f(use)i(a)g
(leading)2410 3542 y(lo)m(w)m(er)f(case)g(letter)g(and)f(a)h(compan)m
(y)2410 3651 y(pre\014x,)23 b(ex:)38 b(`)p Fo(qfsf.var)p
Fu('.)e Fn(query)30 b Fu(ma)m(y)2410 3761 y(optionally)j(b)s(e)h(follo)
m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(a)g(`)p Fo(,)p Fu(')g(or)2410 3870
y(`)p Fo(;)p Fu(')47 b(separated)i(list.)91 b(Stubs)46
b(should)2410 3980 y(ensure)36 b(that)h(they)g(fully)d(matc)m(h)k(an)m
(y)2410 4090 y Fn(query)f Fu(name.)1330 4208 y(reply)29
b Fo(XX...)610 b Fu(Hex)66 b(enco)s(ded)f(data)h(from)f(query)-8
b(.)2410 4318 y(The)30 b(reply)f(can)h(not)h(b)s(e)f(empt)m(y)-8
b(.)1330 4437 y(reply)29 b Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(error)30
b(reply)1330 4546 y(reply)f(`')800 b(Indicating)25 b(an)h(unrecognized)
g Fn(query)p Fu(.)150 4716 y(curren)m(t)k(thread)606
b Fo(qC)984 b Fu(Return)29 b(the)i(curren)m(t)f(thread)g(id.)1330
4826 y(reply)f Fo(QC)p Fn(pid)626 b Fu(Where)39 b Fn(pid)i
Fu(is)d(a)h(HEX)g(enco)s(ded)g(16)2410 4936 y(bit)29
b(pro)s(cess)h(id.)1330 5054 y(reply)f(*)805 b(An)m(y)48
b(other)h(reply)f(implies)e(the)j(old)2410 5164 y(pid.)p
eop
121 122 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(121)150 299 y(compute)51
b(CR)m(C)f(of)h(memory)150 408 y(blo)s(c)m(k)1330 299
y Fo(qCRC:)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p Fn(length)1330 527 y
Fu(reply)29 b Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(An)30 b(error)g(\(suc)m(h)g(as)h
(memory)f(fault\))1330 637 y(reply)f Fo(C)p Fn(CR)m(C32)516
b Fu(A)35 b(32)g(bit)f(cyclic)g(redundancy)f(c)m(hec)m(k)2410
746 y(of)d(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)d(memory)j(region.)150
917 y(query)f Fn(LIST)35 b Fu(or)c Fn(threadLIST)108
b Fo(qL)p Fn(start\015ag)8 b(threadcoun)m(t)r(nextthread)-263
b Fu(Obtain)51 b(thread)h(information)f(from)2410 1026
y(R)-8 b(TOS.)37 b Fn(start\015ag)46 b Fu(is)37 b(one)h(hex)g(digit;)
2410 1136 y Fn(threadcoun)m(t)28 b Fu(is)d(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e(digits;)i
(and)2410 1245 y Fn(nextthread)34 b Fu(is)29 b(16)i(hex)f(digits.)1330
1364 y(reply)f(*)805 b(See)20 b Fo(remote.c:parse_threadlist)o(_)2410
1474 y(response\(\))p Fu(.)150 1644 y(query)30 b(sect)h(o\013s)611
b Fo(qOffsets)696 b Fu(Get)31 b(section)g(o\013sets.)1330
1753 y(reply)19 b Fo(Text=)p Fn(xxx)6 b Fo(;Data=)p Fn(yyy)i
Fo(;Bss=)p Fn(zzz)150 1924 y Fu(thread)30 b(info)f(request)427
b Fo(qP)p Fn(mo)s(de)5 b(threadid)429 b Fu(Returns)35
b(information)f(on)i Fn(threadid)p Fu(.)2410 2033 y(Where:)j
Fn(mo)s(de)33 b Fu(is)27 b(a)h(hex)g(enco)s(ded)f(32)2410
2143 y(bit)45 b(mo)s(de;)54 b Fn(threadid)49 b Fu(is)c(a)i(hex)f(en-)
2410 2252 y(co)s(ded)30 b(64)h(bit)e(thread)i(ID.)1330
2371 y(reply)e(*)805 b(See)111 b Fo(remote.c:remote_unpack_)2410
2481 y(thread_info_response\(\))p Fu(.)150 2651 y(remote)424
b(command)150 2760 y Fm(\(reserv)m(ed\))1330 2651 y Fo(qRcmd,)p
Fn(COMMAND)284 b(COMMAND)84 b Fu(\(hex)78 b(enco)s(ded\))h(is)2410
2760 y(passed)31 b(to)i(the)f(lo)s(cal)f(in)m(terpreter)g(for)2410
2870 y(execution.)99 b Fr(Implementors)53 b(should)2410
2980 y(note)59 b(that)h(pr)-5 b(oviding)60 b(ac)-5 b(c)g(ess)60
b(to)g(a)2410 3089 y(stubs's)30 b(interpr)-5 b(eter)31
b(may)g(have)g(se)-5 b(cu-)2410 3199 y(rity)33 b(implic)-5
b(ations)p Fu(.)1330 3318 y(reply)29 b Fn(OUTPUT)449
b Fu(The)73 b Fn(OUTPUT)80 b Fu(\(hex)74 b(enco)s(ded\).)2410
3427 y(Must)30 b(b)s(e)g(non-empt)m(y)-8 b(.)1330 3546
y(reply)29 b(`')800 b(When)30 b(`)p Fo(q)p Fu('`)p Fo(Rcmd)p
Fu(')g(is)f(not)i(recognized.)150 3716 y(general)f(set)h
Fr(\(optional\))335 b Fo(Q)p Fn(v)-5 b(ar)7 b Fo(=)p
Fn(v)-5 b(al)739 b Fu(Set)21 b(v)-5 b(alue)20 b(of)h
Fn(v)-5 b(ar)27 b Fu(to)21 b Fn(v)-5 b(al)p Fu(.)37 b(See)21
b(`)p Fo(q)p Fu(')g(for)g(a)2410 3826 y(discussing)27
b(of)k(naming)e(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions.)150 3996 y(reset)i
Fr(\(optional\))572 b Fu(r)1044 b(reset)31 b({)f(see)h(sparc)f(stub.)
150 4166 y(remote)h(restart)g Fr(\(optional\))193 b Fo(R)p
Fn(XX)896 b Fu(Restart)51 b(the)f(remote)i(serv)m(er.)101
b Fn(XX)2410 4276 y Fu(while)37 b(needed)j(has)f(no)h(clear)g
(de\014ni-)2410 4385 y(tion.)150 4555 y(step)30 b Fr(\(optional\))598
b Fo(s)p Fn(addr)849 b(addr)63 b Fu(is)56 b(address)h(to)h(resume.)121
b(If)2410 4665 y Fn(addr)45 b Fu(is)39 b(omitted,)j(resume)d(at)i(same)
2410 4775 y(address.)1330 4893 y(reply)879 b(see)31 b(b)s(elo)m(w)150
5063 y(step)f(with)f(signal)h Fr(\(optional\))132 b Fo(S)p
Fn(sig)8 b Fo(;)p Fn(addr)686 b Fu(Lik)m(e)30 b(`)p Fo(C)p
Fu(')g(but)g(step)h(not)f(con)m(tin)m(ue.)1330 5173 y(reply)879
b(see)31 b(b)s(elo)m(w)p eop
122 123 bop 150 -116 a Fu(122)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(searc)m(h)i Fr(\(optional\))514 b Fo(t)p Fn(addr)7
b Fo(:)p Fn(PP)e Fo(,)p Fn(MM)451 b Fu(Searc)m(h)38 b(bac)m(kw)m(ards)g
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Fu(for)36 b(a)h(matc)m(h)g(with)d(pat-)2410 518 y(tern)k
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b Fu(and)2410 628 y Fn(MM)38 b Fu(are)28 b(4)g(b)m(ytes.)41
b Fn(addr)33 b Fu(m)m(ust)28 b(b)s(e)f(at)2410 737 y(least)j(3)h
(digits.)150 907 y(thread)f(aliv)m(e)g Fr(\(optional\))290
b Fo(T)p Fn(XX)896 b Fu(Find)24 b(out)j(if)d(the)j(thread)f(XX)g(is)f
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b(is)f(still)f(aliv)m(e)1330 1127 y(reply)h Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666
b Fu(thread)30 b(is)f(dead)150 1297 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(u)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
1467 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(U)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 1637 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(v)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 1807 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(V)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
1978 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(w)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 2148 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(W)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 2318 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(x)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150
2488 y(write)65 b(mem)h(\(binary\))e Fr(\(op-)150 2598
y(tional\))1330 2488 y Fo(X)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p Fn(length:)q(XX...)309
b(addr)38 b Fu(is)31 b(address,)h Fn(length)g Fu(is)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)
2410 2598 y(of)f(b)m(ytes,)h Fn(XX...)42 b Fu(is)29 b(binary)g(data.)
1330 2716 y(reply)g Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330
2826 y(reply)f Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error)150
2996 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(y)1032 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31
b(for)f(future)f(use)150 3166 y(reserv)m(ed)856 b Fo(Y)1032
b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)150 3337 y(remo)m(v)m(e)80
b(break)f(or)f(w)m(atc)m(h-)150 3446 y(p)s(oin)m(t)29
b Fm(\(draft\))i Fr(\(optional\))1330 3337 y Fo(z)p Fn(t)r
Fo(,)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p Fn(length)461 b Fu(See)30 b(`)p
Fo(Z)p Fu('.)150 3565 y(insert)38 b(break)h(or)g(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m
(t)150 3675 y Fm(\(draft\))31 b Fr(\(optional\))1330
3565 y Fo(Z)p Fn(t)r Fo(,)p Fn(addr)7 b Fo(,)p Fn(length)461
b(t)53 b Fu(is)d(t)m(yp)s(e:)83 b(`)p Fo(0)p Fu(')51
b(-)g(soft)m(w)m(are)i(break-)2410 3675 y(p)s(oin)m(t,)41
b(`)p Fo(1)p Fu(')f(-)f(hardw)m(are)h(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)2410
3784 y(`)p Fo(2)p Fu(')g(-)h(write)e(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t,)44
b(`)p Fo(3)p Fu(')c(-)h(read)2410 3894 y(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(t,)67
b(`)p Fo(4)p Fu(')60 b(-)g(access)h(w)m(atc)m(h-)2410
4003 y(p)s(oin)m(t;)26 b Fn(addr)31 b Fu(is)24 b(address;)i
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b(or)35 b(a)f(soft)m(w)m(are)h(breakp)s(oin)m(t,)2410
4222 y Fn(length)d Fu(sp)s(eci\014es)g(the)h(size)g(of)g(the)g(in-)2410
4332 y(struction)22 b(to)i(b)s(e)f(patc)m(hed.)39 b(F)-8
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(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts)2410 4551 y Fn(length)c Fu(sp)s(eci\014es)g(the)i
(memory)f(region)2410 4661 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)e(monitored.)1330
4780 y(reply)g Fo(E)p Fn(NN)666 b Fu(for)30 b(an)g(error)1330
4889 y(reply)f Fo(OK)754 b Fu(for)30 b(success)1330 4999
y(`')1030 b(If)30 b(not)g(supp)s(orted.)150 5169 y(reserv)m(ed)856
b Fo(<)p Fu(other)p Fo(>)777 b Fu(Reserv)m(ed)31 b(for)f(future)f(use)p
eop
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b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(123)275 299 y(In)27
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Fu(',)h(`)p Fo(S)p Fu(')g(and)e(`)p Fo(s)p Fu(')h(pac)m(k)m(ets,)j
(there)d(is)f(no)h(immediate)f(resp)s(onse.)39 b(The)28
b(reply)-8 b(,)150 408 y(describ)s(ed)28 b(b)s(elo)m(w,)i(comes)h(when)
f(the)g(mac)m(hine)g(stops:)150 662 y Fo(S)p Fn(AA)1356
b(AA)30 b Fu(is)g(the)g(signal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150
832 y Fo(T)p Fn(AAn...)p Fo(:)p Fn(r...)p Fo(;)p Fn(n...)p
Fo(:)p Fn(r...)p Fo(;)p Fn(n...)p Fo(:)p Fn(r...)p Fo(;)357
b Fn(AA)36 b Fu(=)f(t)m(w)m(o)j(hex)d(digit)g(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s
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b(\(hex\),)47 b Fn(r...)79 b Fu(=)43 b(target)i(b)m(yte)e(ordered)g
(register)1690 1051 y(con)m(ten)m(ts,)k(size)c(de\014ned)f(b)m(y)g
Fo(REGISTER_RAW_SIZE)p Fu(;)j Fn(n...)1690 1161 y Fu(=)35
b(`)p Fo(thread)p Fu(',)i Fn(r...)57 b Fu(=)35 b(thread)h(pro)s(cess)g
(ID,)g(this)f(is)g(a)h(hex)1690 1270 y(in)m(teger;)41
b Fn(n...)62 b Fu(=)37 b(other)g(string)g(not)g(starting)h(with)e(v)-5
b(alid)1690 1380 y(hex)44 b(digit.)84 b(GDB)46 b(should)d(ignore)i
(this)e Fn(n...)p Fu(,)50 b Fn(r...)84 b Fu(pair)1690
1489 y(and)30 b(go)j(on)e(to)h(the)g(next.)44 b(This)30
b(w)m(a)m(y)i(w)m(e)g(can)g(extend)g(the)1690 1599 y(proto)s(col.)150
1769 y Fo(W)p Fn(AA)1356 b Fu(The)30 b(pro)s(cess)h(exited,)g(and)g
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y(is)29 b(only)h(applicable)e(for)i(certains)g(sorts)h(of)f(targets.)
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(with)f(signal)g Fn(AA)p Fu(.)150 2219 y Fo(N)p Fn(AA)p
Fo(;)p Fn(tttttttt)r Fo(;)p Fn(dddddddd)t Fo(;)p Fn(bbbbbbbb)150
2329 y Fm(\(obsolete\))1690 2219 y Fn(AA)47 b Fu(=)g(signal)f(n)m(um)m
(b)s(er;)55 b Fn(tttttttt)d Fu(=)47 b(address)g(of)g(sym-)1690
2329 y(b)s(ol)53 b Fo(")p 1921 2329 28 4 v 33 w Fu(start)p
Fo(")p Fu(;)67 b Fn(dddddddd)55 b Fu(=)g(base)g(of)g(data)h(section;)
1690 2438 y Fn(bbbbbbbb)26 b Fu(=)i(base)g(of)h(bss)e(section.)40
b Fr(Note:)h(only)32 b(use)-5 b(d)31 b(by)1690 2548 y(Cisc)-5
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b(enc)g(e)41 b(b)-5 b(etwe)g(en)41 b(this)1690 2658 y(r)-5
b(eply)32 b(and)g(the)g Fo(")p Fr(qO\013sets)p Fo(")e
Fr(query)h(is)g(that)i(the)f('N')e(p)-5 b(acket)1690
2767 y(may)32 b(arrive)f(sp)-5 b(ontane)g(ously)34 b(wher)-5
b(e)g(as)34 b(the)d('qO\013sets')f(is)i(a)1690 2877 y(query)g(initiate)
-5 b(d)34 b(by)e(the)h(host)h(debugger.)150 3047 y Fo(O)p
Fn(XX...)1281 b(XX...)41 b Fu(is)27 b(hex)i(enco)s(ding)e(of)i(ASCI)s
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b(at)i(an)m(y)f(time)g(while)e(the)j(program)f(is)f(running)f(and)1690
3266 y(the)k(debugger)g(should)f(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)h(w)m(ait)g(for)f
('W',)i('T',)1690 3376 y(etc.)275 3566 y(Example)29 b(sequence)h(of)g
(a)g(target)i(b)s(eing)c(re-started.)41 b(Notice)31 b(ho)m(w)f(the)g
(restart)h(do)s(es)e(not)i(get)g(an)m(y)150 3675 y(direct)f(output:)390
3813 y Fo(<-)47 b(R00)390 3917 y(->)g(+)390 4021 y Fr(tar)-5
b(get)34 b(r)-5 b(estarts)390 4124 y Fo(<-)47 b(?)390
4228 y(->)g(+)390 4332 y(->)g(T001:1234123412341234)390
4436 y(<-)g(+)275 4579 y Fu(Example)29 b(sequence)i(of)f(a)h(target)h
(b)s(eing)d(stepp)s(ed)g(b)m(y)i(a)f(single)f(instruction:)390
4717 y Fo(<-)47 b(G1445...)390 4821 y(->)g(+)390 4925
y(<-)g(s)390 5029 y(->)g(+)390 5132 y Fr(time)33 b(p)-5
b(asses)390 5236 y Fo(->)47 b(T001:1234123412341234)390
5340 y(<-)g(+)p eop
124 125 bop 150 -116 a Fu(124)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fo(<-)47 b(g)390 403 y(->)g(+)390 506 y(->)g(1455...)390
610 y(<-)g(+)275 750 y Fu(If)19 b(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(trouble)f(with)
f(the)h(serial)f(connection,)k(y)m(ou)e(can)f(use)g(the)h(command)f
Fo(set)29 b(remotedebug)p Fu(.)150 860 y(This)38 b(mak)m(es)k(GDB)f
(rep)s(ort)e(on)i(all)e(pac)m(k)m(ets)j(sen)m(t)f(bac)m(k)g(and)e
(forth)h(across)h(the)f(serial)f(line)g(to)i(the)150
969 y(remote)25 b(mac)m(hine.)38 b(The)23 b(pac)m(k)m(et-debugging)j
(information)c(is)h(prin)m(ted)f(on)i(the)g(GDB)h(standard)e(output)150
1079 y(stream.)61 b Fo(set)30 b(remotedebug)d(off)36
b Fu(turns)g(it)g(o\013,)k(and)c Fo(show)30 b(remotedebug)k
Fu(sho)m(ws)i(y)m(ou)i(its)e(curren)m(t)150 1188 y(state.)150
1423 y Fk(13.4.1.5)63 b(Using)43 b(the)e Ff(gdbserver)h
Fk(program)275 1621 y Fo(gdbserver)f Fu(is)j(a)g(con)m(trol)h(program)f
(for)g(Unix-lik)m(e)f(systems,)48 b(whic)m(h)c(allo)m(ws)f(y)m(ou)i(to)
g(connect)150 1731 y(y)m(our)38 b(program)f(with)g(a)h(remote)g(GDB)h
(via)f Fo(target)28 b(remote)p Fu(|but)35 b(without)i(linking)e(in)i
(the)g(usual)150 1840 y(debugging)29 b(stub.)275 1980
y Fo(gdbserver)j Fu(is)j(not)h(a)g(complete)g(replacemen)m(t)f(for)h
(the)f(debugging)g(stubs,)h(b)s(ecause)f(it)g(requires)150
2090 y(essen)m(tially)26 b(the)h(same)h(op)s(erating-system)f
(facilities)e(that)j(GDB)g(itself)e(do)s(es.)39 b(In)27
b(fact,)i(a)e(system)g(that)150 2199 y(can)34 b(run)f
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(run)f(GDB)i(lo)s(cally!)49 b Fo(gdbserver)150 2309 y
Fu(is)29 b(sometimes)g(useful)f(nev)m(ertheless,)i(b)s(ecause)g(it)f
(is)f(a)i(m)m(uc)m(h)g(smaller)e(program)h(than)h(GDB)h(itself.)39
b(It)150 2419 y(is)32 b(also)i(easier)f(to)h(p)s(ort)e(than)i(all)e(of)
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(more)f(quic)m(kly)f(on)150 2528 y(a)h(new)e(system)h(b)m(y)h(using)d
Fo(gdbserver)p Fu(.)44 b(Finally)-8 b(,)31 b(if)g(y)m(ou)i(dev)m(elop)f
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(real-time)g(op)s(eration)g(mak)m(e)h(it)f(more)h(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h
(to)f(do)150 2747 y(as)e(m)m(uc)m(h)f(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)h(w)m(ork)g(as)
g(p)s(ossible)d(on)i(another)h(system,)g(for)f(example)g(b)m(y)g
(cross-compiling.)150 2857 y(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)g(use)f
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b(for)e(debugging.)275 2997 y(GDB)36 b(and)e Fo(gdbserver)e
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(connection,)i(using)150 3106 y(the)31 b(standard)e(GDB)j(remote)f
(serial)e(proto)s(col.)150 3274 y Fr(On)j(the)h(tar)-5
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(program)f(if)g(necessary)630 3603 y(to)31 b(sa)m(v)m(e)h(space.)41
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i(the)f(name)630 3849 y(of)d(y)m(our)f(program;)g(and)g(the)h(argumen)m
(ts)f(for)g(y)m(our)h(program.)40 b(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(is:)870
3981 y Fo(target>)46 b(gdbserver)f Fn(comm)j(program)g
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(serial)e(line:)870 4874 y Fo(target>)46 b(gdbserver)f(host:2345)g
(emacs)i(foo.txt)630 5011 y Fu(The)28 b(only)f(di\013erence)h(from)g
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(ignored.\))61 b(Y)-8 b(ou)p eop
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630 408 y(con\015ict)30 b(with)g(an)m(y)g(TCP)g(p)s(orts)g(already)g
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518 y Fo(23)c Fu(is)h(reserv)m(ed)g(for)g Fo(telnet)p
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628 y(GDB)j Fo(target)e(remote)g Fu(command.)150 778
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(GDB)h(remote)150 3132 y(serial)h(proto)s(col.)150 3283
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(program,)g(since)f(GDB)i(needs)e(sym)m(b)s(ols)g(and)630
5053 y(debugging)20 b(information.)36 b(Start)22 b(up)e(GDB)i(as)g
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150 5131 1200 4 v 192 5197 a Fh(1)275 5230 y Fu(If)36
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Fu(prin)m(ts)g(an)275 5340 y(error)30 b(message)h(and)f(exits.)p
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299 y(of)e(y)m(our)g(program)g(as)g(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t.)40
b(\(Y)-8 b(ou)28 b(ma)m(y)f(also)g(need)g(the)g(`)p Fo(--baud)p
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(at)38 b(an)m(ything)e(other)g(than)h(9600)h(bps.)58
b(After)36 b(that,)j(use)630 518 y Fo(target)29 b(remote)24
b Fu(to)j(establish)e(comm)m(unications)h(with)f Fo(gdbserve.nlm)p
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(\(usually)d(a)j(serial)e(device,)i(lik)m(e)e(`)p Fo(/dev/ttyb)p
Fu('\).)39 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example:)870 757 y Fo(\(gdb\))46
b(target)g(remote)h(/dev/ttyb)630 892 y Fu(comm)m(unications)30
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b(with)f(a)h(remote)f(i960)i(\(Nindy\))275 1314 y Fn(Nindy)29
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(target)h(systems.)38 b(When)23 b(GDB)h(is)f(con\014gured)150
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(to)h(the)e(960)i(in)150 1533 y(sev)m(eral)e(w)m(a)m(ys:)225
1669 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Through)35 b(command)g(line)g(options)g(sp)s
(ecifying)f(serial)h(p)s(ort,)i(v)m(ersion)e(of)h(the)g(Nindy)f(proto)s
(col,)330 1778 y(and)30 b(comm)m(unications)f(sp)s(eed;)225
1914 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(By)31 b(resp)s(onding)d(to)j(a)f(prompt)g(on)g
(startup;)225 2049 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(By)25 b(using)e(the)i
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(GDB)h(session.)38 b(See)25 b(Section)f(13.2)330 2159
y([Commands)30 b(for)g(managing)g(targets],)i(page)f(107.)150
2386 y Fk(13.4.2.1)63 b(Startup)41 b(with)g(Nindy)275
2580 y Fu(If)30 b(y)m(ou)h(simply)d(start)k Fo(gdb)e
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(prompted)f(for)150 2689 y(what)g(serial)f(p)s(ort)h(to)h(use,)g
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Fo(/dev/tty)p Fu('\))e(iden)m(ti\014es)f(the)j(serial)e(p)s(ort)150
3065 y(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(use.)66 b(Y)-8 b(ou)39
b(can,)j(if)c(y)m(ou)h(c)m(ho)s(ose,)j(simply)37 b(start)i(up)f(with)g
(no)h(Nindy)e(connection)i(b)m(y)150 3175 y(resp)s(onding)33
b(to)j(the)f(prompt)g(with)f(an)h(empt)m(y)g(line.)54
b(If)35 b(y)m(ou)g(do)h(this)e(and)g(later)i(wish)d(to)j(attac)m(h)h
(to)150 3284 y(Nindy)-8 b(,)29 b(use)h Fo(target)f Fu(\(see)i(Section)g
(13.2)h([Commands)d(for)h(managing)g(targets],)j(page)e(107\).)150
3512 y Fk(13.4.2.2)63 b(Options)42 b(for)f(Nindy)275
3706 y Fu(These)31 b(are)h(the)g(startup)f(options)g(for)g(b)s
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150 3815 y(attac)m(hed:)150 3977 y Fo(-r)e Fn(p)s(ort)184
b Fu(Sp)s(ecify)32 b(the)j(serial)e(p)s(ort)g(name)h(of)h(a)f(serial)f
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4087 y(target)j(system.)61 b(This)35 b(option)h(is)g(only)g(a)m(v)-5
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b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(ma)m(y)g(sp)s(ecify)e Fn(p)s(ort)i Fu(as)f(an)m(y)h
(of:)41 b(a)30 b(full)e(pathname)630 4306 y(\(e.g.)50
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(simply)e(the)630 4415 y(unique)d(su\016x)i(for)g(a)h(sp)s(eci\014c)e
Fo(tty)g Fu(\(e.g.)43 b(`)p Fo(-r)30 b(a)p Fu('\).)150
4576 y Fo(-O)384 b Fu(\(An)30 b(upp)s(ercase)e(letter)i(\\O",)h(not)f
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(\\old")630 4686 y(Nindy)k(monitor)i(proto)s(col)g(to)h(connect)g(to)f
(the)h(target)g(system.)58 b(This)34 b(option)i(is)f(only)630
4795 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(when)f(GDB)j(is)d(con\014gured)h(for)g
(the)g(In)m(tel)g(960)i(target)g(arc)m(hitecture.)870
4925 y Fr(Warning:)66 b Fu(if)39 b(y)m(ou)i(sp)s(ecify)e(`)p
Fo(-O)p Fu(',)k(but)d(are)g(actually)g(trying)g(to)h(connect)870
5029 y(to)29 b(a)h(target)g(system)f(that)g(exp)s(ects)g(the)g(new)m
(er)g(proto)s(col,)g(the)g(connection)870 5132 y(fails,)c(app)s(earing)
f(to)i(b)s(e)f(a)h(sp)s(eed)f(mismatc)m(h.)39 b(GDB)26
b(rep)s(eatedly)f(attempts)870 5236 y(to)40 b(reconnect)h(at)f(sev)m
(eral)h(di\013eren)m(t)e(line)f(sp)s(eeds.)67 b(Y)-8
b(ou)41 b(can)f(ab)s(ort)f(this)870 5340 y(pro)s(cess)30
b(with)f(an)h(in)m(terrupt.)p eop
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b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(127)150 299 y Fo(-brk)288
b Fu(Sp)s(ecify)30 b(that)j(GDB)g(should)c(\014rst)j(send)f(a)h
Fo(BREAK)e Fu(signal)h(to)h(the)g(target)i(system,)e(in)f(an)630
408 y(attempt)g(to)h(reset)f(it,)f(b)s(efore)g(connecting)g(to)h(a)g
(Nindy)e(target.)870 543 y Fr(Warning:)44 b Fu(Man)m(y)27
b(target)h(systems)f(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(hardw)m(are)f(that)h
(this)870 646 y(requires;)i(it)h(only)g(w)m(orks)g(with)f(a)i(few)f(b)s
(oards.)275 822 y(The)f(standard)h(`)p Fo(-b)p Fu(')g(option)g(con)m
(trols)h(the)f(line)f(sp)s(eed)g(used)h(on)g(the)h(serial)e(p)s(ort.)
150 1068 y Fk(13.4.2.3)63 b(Nindy)42 b(reset)f(command)150
1302 y Fo(reset)240 b Fu(F)-8 b(or)26 b(a)f(Nindy)e(target,)k(this)d
(command)h(sends)e(a)j(\\break")f(to)h(the)f(remote)g(target)i(system;)
630 1412 y(this)33 b(is)g(only)f(useful)g(if)h(the)h(target)i(has)d(b)s
(een)g(equipp)s(ed)e(with)i(a)h(circuit)f(to)h(p)s(erform)f(a)630
1522 y(hard)c(reset)i(\(or)g(some)g(other)f(in)m(teresting)g(action\))h
(when)f(a)g(break)h(is)e(detected.)150 1768 y Fk(13.4.3)63
b(The)41 b(UDI)g(proto)s(col)i(for)d(AMD29K)275 1971
y Fu(GDB)26 b(supp)s(orts)d(AMD's)k(UDI)f(\(\\Univ)m(ersal)f(Debugger)h
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2081 y(a29k)32 b(pro)s(cessor)d(family)-8 b(.)40 b(T)-8
b(o)31 b(use)f(this)f(con\014guration)h(with)f(AMD)i(targets)g(running)
d(the)i(MiniMON)150 2190 y(monitor,)c(y)m(ou)f(need)f(the)i(program)e
Fo(MONTIP)p Fu(,)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)24 b(from)g(AMD)i(at)g(no)f(c)m
(harge.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(can)g(also)g(use)150 2300
y(GDB)30 b(with)d(the)i(UDI-conforman)m(t)g(a29k)h(sim)m(ulator)e
(program)g Fo(ISSTIP)p Fu(,)f(also)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)28
b(from)g(AMD.)150 2476 y Fo(target)h(udi)g Fn(k)m(eyw)m(ord)630
2585 y Fu(Select)34 b(the)f(UDI)h(in)m(terface)g(to)g(a)f(remote)h
(a29k)h(b)s(oard)d(or)i(sim)m(ulator,)f(where)f Fn(k)m(eyw)m(ord)630
2695 y Fu(is)39 b(an)g(en)m(try)h(in)e(the)i(AMD)g(con\014guration)f
(\014le)g(`)p Fo(udi_soc)p Fu('.)67 b(This)37 b(\014le)i(con)m(tains)h
(k)m(ey-)630 2805 y(w)m(ord)33 b(en)m(tries)g(whic)m(h)e(sp)s(ecify)h
(parameters)i(used)e(to)i(connect)g(to)f(a29k)i(targets.)50
b(If)33 b(the)630 2914 y(`)p Fo(udi_soc)p Fu(')g(\014le)h(is)g(not)i
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(set)g(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)630 3024 y(v)-5 b(ariable)29
b(`)p Fo(UDICONF)p Fu(')g(to)i(its)f(pathname.)150 3270
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3473 y Fu(AMD)30 b(distributes)d(a)j(29K)g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)g(b)s
(oard)e(mean)m(t)j(to)f(\014t)f(in)g(a)h(PC,)f(together)i(with)d(a)i
(DOS-)150 3583 y(hosted)37 b(monitor)f(program)g(called)g
Fo(EBMON)p Fu(.)59 b(As)37 b(a)g(shorthand)e(term,)k(this)d(dev)m
(elopmen)m(t)h(system)g(is)150 3693 y(called)22 b(the)h(\\EB29K".)h(T)
-8 b(o)23 b(use)g(GDB)h(from)e(a)h(Unix)e(system)i(to)g(run)f(programs)
g(on)g(the)h(EB29K)h(b)s(oard,)150 3802 y(y)m(ou)32 b(m)m(ust)g
(\014rst)g(connect)h(a)f(serial)f(cable)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)h(PC)e
(\(whic)m(h)g(hosts)h(the)g(EB29K)h(b)s(oard\))f(and)150
3912 y(a)40 b(serial)f(p)s(ort)g(on)h(the)g(Unix)f(system.)70
b(In)39 b(the)h(follo)m(wing,)h(w)m(e)g(assume)e(y)m(ou'v)m(e)j(ho)s
(ok)m(ed)e(the)g(cable)150 4021 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)31
b(the)g(PC's)f(`)p Fo(COM1)p Fu(')f(p)s(ort)h(and)g(`)p
Fo(/dev/ttya)p Fu(')e(on)i(the)h(Unix)e(system.)150 4267
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4581 y(PC:)390 4720 y Fo(C:\\>)47 b(MODE)f(com1:9600,n,8,1,none)150
4866 y Fu(This)33 b(example|run)h(on)h(an)g(MS)g(DOS)g(4.0)h
(system|sets)g(the)f(PC)g(p)s(ort)f(to)i(9600)h(bps,)f(no)f(parit)m(y)
-8 b(,)150 4975 y(eigh)m(t)34 b(data)g(bits,)g(one)g(stop)g(bit,)g(and)
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(unications)150 5085 y(parameters)d(when)e(establishing)f(the)j(Unix)e
(end)h(of)g(the)h(connection)f(as)h(w)m(ell.)275 5230
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f(side)g(of)h(the)g(serial)e(line,)i(t)m(yp)s(e)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)e
(at)j(the)150 5340 y(DOS)30 b(console:)p eop
128 129 bop 150 -116 a Fu(128)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
299 y Fo(C:\\>)47 b(CTTY)f(com1)150 428 y Fu(\(Later,)36
b(if)c(y)m(ou)i(wish)e(to)i(return)f(con)m(trol)h(to)g(the)g(DOS)f
(console,)i(y)m(ou)f(can)g(use)f(the)h(command)f Fo(CTTY)150
537 y(con)p Fu(|but)26 b(y)m(ou)i(m)m(ust)f(send)g(it)g(o)m(v)m(er)i
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(er)i(the)f(`)p Fo(COM1)p Fu(')150 647 y(serial)h(line\).)275
776 y(F)-8 b(rom)31 b(the)g(Unix)f(host,)h(use)g(a)g(comm)m(unications)
f(program)h(suc)m(h)f(as)i Fo(tip)e Fu(or)g Fo(cu)h Fu(to)g(comm)m
(unicate)150 886 y(with)e(the)i(PC;)f(for)g(example,)390
1009 y Fo(cu)47 b(-s)g(9600)g(-l)g(/dev/ttya)150 1138
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2818 y(Am29000)j(PC)h(Coprocessor)e(Board)h(Monitor,)g(version)f
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3233 y(Enter)i('?')h(or)g('H')g(for)g(help)390 3441 y(PC)g(Coprocessor)
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3856 y(Data)g(Memory)f(Size)285 b(=)47 b(2048KB)390 3960
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4064 y(Available)e(D-RAM)i(Range)f(=)h(0x80002000)e(to)j(0x801fffff)390
4271 y(PageSize)666 b(=)47 b(0x400)390 4375 y(Register)f(Stack)g(Size)
142 b(=)47 b(0x800)390 4479 y(Memory)f(Stack)g(Size)238
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(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)g(arrange)g(some)h(other)150 737 y(w)m(a)m(y|p)s
(erhaps)d(\015opp)m(y-disk)g(transfer|of)h(getting)h(the)f(29K)h
(program)f(from)f(the)i(Unix)e(system)h(to)150 847 y(the)c(PC;)f(GDB)h
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1628 y(gdb)g(myfoo)275 1751 y Fu(No)m(w)31 b(y)m(ou)f(can)h(use)f(the)h
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(9600)i(MYFOO)150 2025 y Fu(In)40 b(this)f(example,)k(w)m(e'v)m(e)e
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(include)d(a)150 2354 y(DOS)i(path,)g(and)f(dep)s(ending)e(on)j(y)m
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(name)g(on)g(the)150 2463 y(Unix)e(side.)275 2604 y(A)m(t)37
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(our)150 2713 y(program)30 b(run)f(on)h(the)h(29K)g(b)s(oard,)e(use)h
(the)h(GDB)h(command)e Fo(run)p Fu(.)275 2853 y(T)-8
b(o)30 b(stop)h(debugging)e(the)i(remote)g(program,)f(use)h(the)f(GDB)i
Fo(detach)c Fu(command.)275 2993 y(T)-8 b(o)36 b(return)e(con)m(trol)i
(of)g(the)g(PC)f(to)i(its)e(console,)i(use)f Fo(tip)f
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3103 y(session)26 b(has)h(concluded,)f(to)i(attac)m(h)h(to)f
Fo(EBMON)p Fu(.)38 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(can)g(then)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(the)g
(command)g Fo(q)f Fu(to)i(sh)m(ut)e(do)m(wn)150 3212
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(command-line)g(in)m(terpreter.)51 b(T)m(yp)s(e)34 b
Fo(CTTY)29 b(con)k Fu(to)i(return)150 3322 y(command)30
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Fo(~)p Fl(.)e Fu(to)j(lea)m(v)m(e)f Fo(tip)f Fu(or)g
Fo(cu)p Fu(.)150 3557 y Fk(13.4.4.3)63 b(Remote)40 b(log)275
3755 y Fu(The)34 b Fo(target)29 b(amd-eb)k Fu(command)i(creates)h(a)g
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(directory)-8 b(,)150 3865 y(to)34 b(help)d(debug)i(problems)e(with)h
(the)h(connection.)49 b(`)p Fo(eb.log)p Fu(')32 b(records)h(all)f(the)h
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b(ec)m(ho)s(es)k(of)g(the)f(commands)g(sen)m(t)h(to)g(it.)70
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f(another)150 4084 y(windo)m(w)25 b(often)i(helps)e(to)i(understand)d
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(on)e(the)h(PC)f(side)150 4194 y(of)31 b(the)f(connection.)150
4429 y Fk(13.4.5)63 b(GDB)41 b(with)f(a)h(T)-10 b(andem)40
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Fn(dev)56 b(sp)s(eed)150 5011 y Fu(to)29 b(establish)e(it)i(as)f(y)m
(our)h(debugging)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)39 b Fn(dev)e Fu(is)27
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5121 y(suc)m(h)f(as)g(`)p Fo(/dev/ttya)p Fu(',)e(connected)j(to)g(the)f
(ST2000)h(via)e(a)h(serial)f(line.)38 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27
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(attac)m(hed)j(via)f(a)g(terminal)e(concen)m(trator\))150
5340 y(using)29 b(the)h(syn)m(tax)h Fn(hostname)5 b Fo(:)p
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299 y(The)37 b Fo(load)g Fu(and)h Fo(attach)e Fu(commands)i(are)g
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b(y)m(ou)38 b(m)m(ust)g(load)g(y)m(our)150 408 y(program)j(in)m(to)h
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(op)s(eration.)73 b(GDB)43 b(reads)150 518 y(debugging)23
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(separate,)j(debugging)c(v)m(ersion)h(of)g(the)g(program)150
628 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(on)g(y)m(our)g(host)h(computer.)275
772 y(These)24 b(auxiliary)e(GDB)k(commands)f(are)g(a)m(v)-5
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(vironmen)m(t:)150 946 y Fo(st2000)j Fn(command)630 1056
y Fu(Send)d(a)i Fn(command)i Fu(to)e(the)g(STDBUG)g(monitor.)39
b(See)27 b(the)g(man)m(ufacturer's)h(man)m(ual)e(for)630
1166 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(commands.)150 1335 y Fo(connect)144
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1498 151 4 v 2771 1554 a Fi(RET)p 2771 1569 V 2918 1551
a Fj(i)2948 1554 y Fo(~)p Fl(.)f Fu(\(Return,)j(follo)m(w)m(ed)630
1664 y(b)m(y)30 b(tilde)f(and)h(p)s(erio)s(d\))f(or)1570
1661 y Fj(h)p 1594 1608 V 1594 1664 a Fi(RET)p 1594 1679
V 1741 1661 a Fj(i)1771 1664 y Fo(~)1819 1661 y Fj(h)p
1843 1608 114 4 v 1843 1664 a Fi(C-d)p 1843 1679 V 1952
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(ork)m(ed)h(VxW)-8 b(orks)150 2220 y(targets)30 b(from)e(a)h(Unix)e
(host.)40 b(Already-running)25 b(tasks)k(spa)m(wned)f(from)g(the)g(VxW)
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(host)h(and)f(on)h(the)g(VxW)-8 b(orks)29 b(target.)150
2439 y(The)f(program)h Fo(gdb)f Fu(is)g(installed)f(and)h(executed)i
(on)e(the)h(Unix)f(host.)40 b(\(It)30 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(installed)d
(with)i(the)150 2548 y(name)i Fo(vxgdb)p Fu(,)g(to)h(distinguish)26
b(it)k(from)g(a)h(GDB)g(for)g(debugging)e(programs)h(on)g(the)h(host)f
(itself.\))150 2723 y Fo(VxWorks-timeout)c Fn(args)630
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2942 y(option)26 b(is)f(set)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(user,)h(and)e
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b(sim)m(ulator)d(or)h(is)g(on)g(the)h(far)f(side)f(of)i(a)f(thin)f(net)
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(connecting)h(to)g(VxW)-8 b(orks)27 b(w)m(as)g(curren)m(t)f(when)g
(this)f(man)m(ual)h(w)m(as)150 3445 y(pro)s(duced;)j(new)m(er)h
(releases)h(of)f(VxW)-8 b(orks)32 b(ma)m(y)f(use)f(revised)f(pro)s
(cedures.)275 3589 y(T)-8 b(o)22 b(use)g(GDB)i(with)d(VxW)-8
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b(orks)23 b(k)m(ernel)f(to)h(include)d(the)i(remote)150
3699 y(debugging)31 b(in)m(terface)i(routines)f(in)f(the)i(VxW)-8
b(orks)33 b(library)d(`)p Fo(rdb.a)p Fu('.)46 b(T)-8
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(debugging)f(task)h Fo(tRdbTask)e Fu(when)150 4028 y(VxW)-8
b(orks)33 b(is)e(b)s(o)s(oted.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(more)h(information)d
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b(see)f(the)150 4137 y(man)m(ufacturer's)d(man)m(ual.)275
4282 y(Once)44 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(included)c(`)p
Fo(rdb.a)p Fu(')i(in)f(y)m(our)i(VxW)-8 b(orks)45 b(system)g(image)g
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Fu(\(or)i Fo(vxgdb)p Fu(,)e(dep)s(ending)f(on)j(y)m(our)f
(installation\).)275 4645 y(GDB)h(comes)g(up)f(sho)m(wing)f(the)i
(prompt:)390 4784 y Fo(\(vxgdb\))150 5028 y Fk(13.4.6.1)63
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b(GDB)j(command)e Fo(target)e Fu(lets)i(y)m(ou)h(connect)g(to)g(a)g
(VxW)-8 b(orks)33 b(target)h(on)e(the)g(net)m(w)m(ork.)47
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131 132 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
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1115 y(if)j(it)h(fails)f(to)i(\014nd)e(an)h(ob)5 b(ject)32
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1258 y Fo(prog.o:)46 b(No)h(such)g(file)f(or)h(directory.)275
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1515 y(command)30 b Fo(path)p Fu(,)g(and)f(execute)j(the)f
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(wnload)f(a)i(\014le)e(from)g(Unix)150 2192 y(to)f(VxW)-8
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(oid)g(these)g(problems)d(b)m(y)i(using)f(absolute)h(paths.)39
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y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(can)h(also)f(use)g(the)g Fo(load)f
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(editing)e(and)g(recom-)150 4154 y(piling)i(the)j(corresp)s(onding)e
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(structures)f(that)h(reference)g(the)150 4482 y(target)32
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(h)j(to)e(an)f(existing)f(task)i(using)e(the)i Fo(attach)d
Fu(command)j(as)f(follo)m(ws:)390 5082 y Fo(\(vxgdb\))46
b(attach)g Fn(task)150 5230 y Fu(where)36 b Fn(task)43
b Fu(is)36 b(the)h(VxW)-8 b(orks)38 b(hexadecimal)e(task)i(ID.)f(The)f
(task)i(can)f(b)s(e)f(running)f(or)h(susp)s(ended)150
5340 y(when)29 b(y)m(ou)i(attac)m(h)h(to)g(it.)40 b(Running)28
b(tasks)j(are)f(susp)s(ended)e(at)j(the)g(time)f(of)g(attac)m(hmen)m
(t.)p eop
132 133 bop 150 -116 a Fu(132)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fk(13.4.7)63 b(GDB)41 b(and)g(Sparclet)275 502
y Fu(GDB)34 b(enables)f(dev)m(elop)s(ers)g(to)h(debug)f(tasks)h
(running)d(on)i(Sparclet)g(targets)i(from)e(a)h(Unix)f(host.)150
612 y(GDB)f(uses)e(co)s(de)h(that)h(runs)d(on)i(b)s(oth)f(the)h(Unix)e
(host)i(and)f(on)h(the)g(Sparclet)f(target.)44 b(The)30
b(program)150 722 y Fo(gdb)f Fu(is)h(installed)e(and)i(executed)h(on)f
(the)h(Unix)e(host.)150 897 y Fo(timeout)f Fn(args)630
1007 y Fu(GDB)k(no)m(w)e(supp)s(orts)f(the)i(option)f
Fo(remotetimeout)p Fu(.)38 b(This)28 b(option)i(is)g(set)h(b)m(y)g(the)
f(user,)630 1116 y(and)g Fn(args)k Fu(represen)m(ts)c(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)
s(er)e(of)i(seconds)f(GDB)h(w)m(aits)g(for)f(resp)s(onses.)275
1323 y(When)j(compiling)e(for)i(debugging,)h(include)d(the)j(options)e
Fo(")p Fu(-g)p Fo(")i Fu(to)g(get)h(debug)e(information)f(and)150
1432 y Fo(")p Fu(-Ttext)p Fo(")d Fu(to)g(relo)s(cate)h(the)f(program)f
(to)i(where)e(y)m(ou)h(wish)e(to)i(load)f(it)g(on)h(the)g(target.)42
b(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(ma)m(y)g(also)150 1542 y(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)g(add)f(the)h
(options)e Fo(")p Fu(-n)p Fo(")h Fu(or)g Fo(")p Fu(-N)p
Fo(")h Fu(in)e(order)g(to)j(reduce)e(the)g(size)g(of)h(the)g(sections.)
390 1681 y Fo(sparclet-aout-gcc)43 b(prog.c)j(-Ttext)g(0x12010000)f(-g)
i(-o)h(prog)e(-N)275 1827 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)30 b(can)h(use)f(ob)5
b(jdump)29 b(to)i(v)m(erify)e(that)i(the)g(addresses)f(are)g(what)h(y)m
(ou)f(in)m(tended.)390 1966 y Fo(sparclet-aout-objdump)42
b(--headers)j(--syms)h(prog)275 2112 y Fu(Once)c(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g
(set)f(y)m(our)g(Unix)f(execution)h(searc)m(h)g(path)g(to)g(\014nd)f
(GDB,)i(y)m(ou)f(are)g(ready)g(to)150 2221 y(run)h(GDB.)j(F)-8
b(rom)45 b(y)m(our)h(Unix)e(host,)49 b(run)44 b Fo(gdb)h
Fu(\(or)g Fo(sparclet-aout-gdb)p Fu(,)g(dep)s(ending)e(on)i(y)m(our)150
2331 y(installation\).)275 2476 y(GDB)31 b(comes)g(up)f(sho)m(wing)f
(the)i(prompt:)390 2616 y Fo(\(gdbslet\))150 2862 y Fk(13.4.7.1)63
b(Setting)42 b(\014le)f(to)g(debug)275 3065 y Fu(The)29
b(GDB)j(command)e Fo(file)f Fu(lets)h(y)m(ou)h(c)m(ho)s(ose)h(with)d
(program)h(to)h(debug.)390 3205 y Fo(\(gdbslet\))45 b(file)i(prog)275
3333 y Fu(GDB)24 b(then)f(attempts)h(to)g(read)f(the)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)f
(table)h(of)h(`)p Fo(prog)p Fu('.)37 b(GDB)25 b(lo)s(cates)e(the)h
(\014le)e(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)150 3443 y(the)41 b(directories)e
(listed)g(in)h(the)g(command)h(searc)m(h)g(path.)71 b(If)40
b(the)h(\014le)e(w)m(as)i(compiled)e(with)h(debug)150
3552 y(information)d(\(option)i Fo(")p Fu(-g)p Fo(")p
Fu(\),)j(source)d(\014les)f(will)e(b)s(e)j(searc)m(hed)g(as)g(w)m(ell.)
66 b(GDB)40 b(lo)s(cates)g(the)f(source)150 3662 y(\014les)33
b(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)g(the)g(directories)f(listed)g(in)g(the)h
(directory)g(searc)m(h)h(path)e(\(see)i(Section)f(4.4)i([Y)-8
b(our)150 3771 y(program's)30 b(en)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page)g(21\).)42
b(If)30 b(it)g(fails)e(to)k(\014nd)c(a)j(\014le,)f(it)g(displa)m(ys)e
(a)j(message)h(suc)m(h)e(as:)390 3911 y Fo(prog:)46 b(No)i(such)e(file)
h(or)g(directory.)275 4056 y Fu(When)32 b(this)f(happ)s(ens,)g(add)h
(the)h(appropriate)e(directories)g(to)j(the)e(searc)m(h)h(paths)f(with)
f(the)i(GDB)150 4166 y(commands)d Fo(path)f Fu(and)h
Fo(dir)p Fu(,)g(and)f(execute)j(the)f Fo(target)d Fu(command)j(again.)
150 4412 y Fk(13.4.7.2)63 b(Connecting)42 b(to)f(Sparclet)275
4615 y Fu(The)23 b(GDB)j(command)e Fo(target)f Fu(lets)h(y)m(ou)h
(connect)g(to)g(a)g(Sparclet)f(target.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)25
b(connect)g(to)h(a)e(target)150 4725 y(on)30 b(serial)f(p)s(ort)h(\\)p
Fo(ttya)p Fu(",)h(t)m(yp)s(e:)390 4865 y Fo(\(gdbslet\))45
b(target)h(sparclet)g(/dev/ttya)390 4968 y(Remote)g(target)g(sparclet)g
(connected)f(to)i(/dev/ttya)390 5072 y(main)g(\(\))g(at)g(../prog.c:3)
275 5200 y Fu(GDB)31 b(displa)m(ys)d(messages)k(lik)m(e)d(these:)390
5340 y Fo(Connected)45 b(to)i(ttya.)p eop
133 134 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(133)150 299 y Fk(13.4.7.3)63
b(Sparclet)41 b(do)m(wnload)275 491 y Fu(Once)22 b(connected)i(to)f
(the)g(Sparclet)f(target,)k(y)m(ou)d(can)g(use)g(the)g(GDB)g
Fo(load)f Fu(command)g(to)i(do)m(wnload)150 600 y(the)43
b(\014le)f(from)g(the)h(host)g(to)h(the)f(target.)79
b(The)43 b(\014le)f(name)g(and)h(load)f(o\013set)i(should)d(b)s(e)h
(giv)m(en)h(as)150 710 y(argumen)m(ts)26 b(to)g(the)g
Fo(load)e Fu(command.)39 b(Since)25 b(the)g(\014le)g(format)h(is)f
(aout,)i(the)f(program)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(loaded)150
819 y(to)39 b(the)g(starting)f(address.)64 b(Y)-8 b(ou)39
b(can)g(use)f(ob)5 b(jdump)37 b(to)i(\014nd)e(out)i(what)f(this)f(v)-5
b(alue)38 b(is.)64 b(The)38 b(load)150 929 y(o\013set)30
b(is)e(an)h(o\013set)h(whic)m(h)e(is)g(added)g(to)i(the)f(VMA)h
(\(virtual)e(memory)g(address\))h(of)g(eac)m(h)h(of)g(the)f(\014le's)
150 1038 y(sections.)59 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(instance,)g(if)d(the)i
(program)f(`)p Fo(prog)p Fu(')g(w)m(as)h(link)m(ed)e(to)i(text)h
(address)d(0x1201000,)42 b(with)150 1148 y(data)31 b(at)g(0x12010160)k
(and)29 b(bss)h(at)h(0x12010170,)k(in)29 b(GDB,)i(t)m(yp)s(e:)390
1276 y Fo(\(gdbslet\))45 b(load)i(prog)g(0x12010000)390
1380 y(Loading)f(section)g(.text,)g(size)g(0xdb0)h(vma)g(0x12010000)275
1513 y Fu(If)35 b(the)i(co)s(de)f(is)f(loaded)h(at)h(a)f(di\013eren)m
(t)g(address)f(then)h(what)g(the)g(program)g(w)m(as)h(link)m(ed)d(to,)
39 b(y)m(ou)150 1623 y(ma)m(y)30 b(need)e(to)i(use)f(the)g
Fo(section)e Fu(and)h Fo(add-symbol-file)d Fu(commands)j(to)i(tell)e
(GDB)i(where)f(to)g(map)150 1732 y(the)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)e(table.)150
1954 y Fk(13.4.7.4)63 b(Running)42 b(and)f(debugging)275
2145 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)39 b(can)g(no)m(w)h(b)s(egin)d(debugging)h(the)i
(task)f(using)f(GDB's)i(execution)f(con)m(trol)h(commands,)h
Fo(b)p Fu(,)150 2255 y Fo(step)p Fu(,)29 b Fo(run)p Fu(,)h(etc.)42
b(See)31 b(the)f(GDB)i(man)m(ual)d(for)i(the)f(list)f(of)i(commands.)
390 2383 y Fo(\(gdbslet\))45 b(b)j(main)390 2486 y(Breakpoint)d(1)i(at)
h(0x12010000:)c(file)j(prog.c,)f(line)g(3.)390 2590 y(\(gdbslet\))f
(run)390 2694 y(Starting)h(program:)f(prog)390 2798 y(Breakpoint)g(1,)i
(main)g(\(argc=1,)e(argv=0xeffff21c\))f(at)j(prog.c:3)390
2901 y(3)382 b(char)46 b(*symarg)g(=)h(0;)390 3005 y(\(gdbslet\))e
(step)390 3109 y(4)382 b(char)46 b(*execarg)g(=)h("hello!";)390
3213 y(\(gdbslet\))150 3434 y Fk(13.4.8)63 b(GDB)41 b(and)g(Hitac)m(hi)
e(micropro)s(cessors)275 3626 y Fu(GDB)31 b(needs)f(to)h(kno)m(w)f
(these)h(things)f(to)h(talk)f(to)h(y)m(our)f(Hitac)m(hi)h(SH,)f
(H8/300,)j(or)d(H8/500:)199 3759 y(1.)61 b(that)43 b(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m
(t)h(to)g(use)f(`)p Fo(target)28 b(hms)p Fu(',)45 b(the)d(remote)h
(debugging)e(in)m(terface)i(for)f(Hitac)m(hi)g(mi-)330
3869 y(cropro)s(cessors,)d(or)d(`)p Fo(target)29 b(e7000)p
Fu(',)38 b(the)f(in-circuit)d(em)m(ulator)j(for)g(the)g(Hitac)m(hi)f
(SH)h(and)f(the)330 3978 y(Hitac)m(hi)29 b(300H.)h(\(`)p
Fo(target)g(hms)p Fu(')e(is)g(the)h(default)f(when)g(GDB)i(is)e
(con\014gured)g(sp)s(eci\014cally)f(for)i(the)330 4088
y(Hitac)m(hi)h(SH,)g(H8/300,)j(or)e(H8/500.\))199 4222
y(2.)61 b(what)41 b(serial)g(device)g(connects)i(y)m(our)e(host)h(to)g
(y)m(our)g(Hitac)m(hi)f(b)s(oard)g(\(the)h(\014rst)f(serial)f(device)
330 4331 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(on)g(y)m(our)g(host)h(is)e(the)i
(default\).)199 4465 y(3.)61 b(what)30 b(sp)s(eed)g(to)h(use)f(o)m(v)m
(er)i(the)e(serial)f(device.)150 4686 y Fk(13.4.8.1)63
b(Connecting)42 b(to)f(Hitac)m(hi)e(b)s(oards)275 4878
y Fu(Use)24 b(the)g(sp)s(ecial)f Fo(gdb)g Fu(command)h(`)p
Fo(device)29 b Fn(p)s(ort)r Fu(')24 b(if)f(y)m(ou)h(need)g(to)h
(explicitly)d(set)j(the)f(serial)f(device.)150 4987 y(The)36
b(default)g Fn(p)s(ort)i Fu(is)d(the)i(\014rst)f(a)m(v)-5
b(ailable)36 b(p)s(ort)g(on)g(y)m(our)g(host.)60 b(This)34
b(is)i(only)g(necessary)h(on)f(Unix)150 5097 y(hosts,)31
b(where)e(it)h(is)g(t)m(ypically)f(something)h(lik)m(e)g(`)p
Fo(/dev/ttya)p Fu('.)275 5230 y Fo(gdb)h Fu(has)h(another)h(sp)s(ecial)
e(command)h(to)h(set)g(the)f(comm)m(unications)g(sp)s(eed:)44
b(`)p Fo(speed)29 b Fn(bps)t Fu('.)46 b(This)150 5340
y(command)27 b(also)g(is)g(only)f(used)g(from)h(Unix)f(hosts;)j(on)e
(DOS)g(hosts,)h(set)g(the)f(line)f(sp)s(eed)g(as)i(usual)d(from)p
eop
134 135 bop 150 -116 a Fu(134)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(outside)f(GDB)h(with)e(the)i(DOS)f Fl(mode)f Fu(command)i(\(for)f
(instance,)h(`)p Fo(mode)g(com2:9600,n,8,1,p)p Fu(')24
b(for)29 b(a)150 408 y(9600)j(bps)d(connection\).)275
552 y(The)37 b(`)p Fo(device)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Fo(speed)p
Fu(')h(commands)f(are)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)37 b(only)g(when)g(y)m(ou)i
(use)f(a)g(Unix)f(host)h(to)150 662 y(debug)30 b(y)m(our)g(Hitac)m(hi)h
(micropro)s(cessor)e(programs.)41 b(If)30 b(y)m(ou)h(use)f(a)h(DOS)f
(host,)h(GDB)h(dep)s(ends)d(on)h(an)150 771 y(auxiliary)36
b(terminate-and-sta)m(y-residen)m(t)j(program)g(called)e
Fo(asynctsr)f Fu(to)k(comm)m(unicate)f(with)e(the)150
881 y(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)32 b(b)s(oard)g(through)f(a)h(PC)g(serial)f(p)s
(ort.)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(m)m(ust)f(also)g(use)f(the)i(DOS)e
Fo(mode)g Fu(command)150 990 y(to)g(set)g(up)e(the)i(serial)e(p)s(ort)h
(on)g(the)h(DOS)f(side.)275 1134 y(The)c(follo)m(wing)g(sample)h
(session)f(illustrates)g(the)h(steps)h(needed)f(to)h(start)g(a)g
(program)f(under)f(GDB)150 1243 y(con)m(trol)43 b(on)f(an)g(H8/300.)79
b(The)41 b(example)h(uses)g(a)h(sample)e(H8/300)k(program)d(called)f(`)
p Fo(t.x)p Fu('.)76 b(The)150 1353 y(pro)s(cedure)29
b(is)h(the)g(same)h(for)f(the)h(Hitac)m(hi)f(SH)g(and)g(the)g(H8/500.)
275 1497 y(First)37 b(ho)s(ok)g(up)g(y)m(our)g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)h(b)s
(oard.)62 b(In)37 b(this)f(example,)k(w)m(e)e(use)f(a)h(b)s(oard)f
(attac)m(hed)i(to)150 1606 y(serial)33 b(p)s(ort)h Fo(COM2)p
Fu(;)i(if)d(y)m(ou)i(use)f(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(serial)f(p)s(ort,)i
(substitute)f(its)f(name)i(in)e(the)i(argumen)m(t)g(of)150
1716 y(the)g Fo(mode)f Fu(command.)54 b(When)34 b(y)m(ou)i(call)e
Fo(asynctsr)p Fu(,)g(the)h(auxiliary)d(comms)j(program)g(used)f(b)m(y)h
(the)150 1825 y(degugger,)26 b(y)m(ou)e(giv)m(e)h(it)e(just)g(the)h(n)m
(umeric)f(part)h(of)g(the)g(serial)f(p)s(ort's)g(name;)j(for)e
(example,)h(`)p Fo(asyncstr)150 1935 y(2)p Fu(')30 b(b)s(elo)m(w)g
(runs)f Fo(asyncstr)f Fu(on)i Fo(COM2)p Fu(.)390 2073
y Fo(C:\\H8300\\TEST>)44 b(asynctsr)h(2)390 2176 y(C:\\H8300\\TEST>)f
(mode)j(com2:9600,n,8,1,p)390 2384 y(Resident)f(portion)f(of)j(MODE)e
(loaded)390 2591 y(COM2:)g(9600,)h(n,)g(8,)g(1,)g(p)390
2833 y Fr(Warning:)i Fu(W)-8 b(e)33 b(ha)m(v)m(e)h(noticed)d(a)i(bug)e
(in)g(PC-NFS)g(that)i(con\015icts)f(with)e Fo(asynctsr)p
Fu(.)43 b(If)390 2937 y(y)m(ou)34 b(also)g(run)f(PC-NFS)h(on)f(y)m(our)
h(DOS)g(host,)h(y)m(ou)f(ma)m(y)h(need)f(to)g(disable)f(it,)h(or)g(ev)m
(en)390 3041 y(b)s(o)s(ot)c(without)g(it,)g(to)h(use)f
Fo(asynctsr)e Fu(to)j(con)m(trol)g(y)m(our)f(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)h(b)s
(oard.)275 3184 y(No)m(w)37 b(that)h(serial)e(comm)m(unications)g(are)h
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(connected,)150 3294 y(y)m(ou)j(can)g(start)h(up)d(GDB.)j(Call)e
Fo(gdb)g Fu(with)f(the)i(name)g(of)g(y)m(our)g(program)f(as)h(the)g
(argumen)m(t.)67 b Fo(gdb)150 3403 y Fu(prompts)29 b(y)m(ou,)j(as)e
(usual,)f(with)h(the)g(prompt)g(`)p Fo(\(gdb\))p Fu('.)40
b(Use)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(sp)s(ecial)d(commands)h(to)h(b)s(egin)e(y)m(our)
150 3513 y(debugging)k(session:)47 b(`)p Fo(target)29
b(hms)p Fu(')34 b(to)h(sp)s(ecify)d(cross-debugging)i(to)h(the)f(Hitac)
m(hi)g(b)s(oard,)g(and)g(the)150 3622 y Fo(load)g Fu(command)i(to)g(do)
m(wnload)e(y)m(our)i(program)f(to)h(the)g(b)s(oard.)55
b Fo(load)34 b Fu(displa)m(ys)g(the)i(names)f(of)h(the)150
3732 y(program's)28 b(sections,)g(and)g(a)g(`)p Fo(*)p
Fu(')g(for)g(eac)m(h)h(2K)f(of)g(data)g(do)m(wnloaded.)39
b(\(If)28 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(refresh)e(GDB)150
3842 y(data)36 b(on)g(sym)m(b)s(ols)f(or)g(on)h(the)g(executable)g
(\014le)f(without)g(do)m(wnloading,)h(use)f(the)h(GDB)h(commands)150
3951 y Fo(file)j Fu(or)h Fo(symbol-file)p Fu(.)70 b(These)41
b(commands,)i(and)e Fo(load)f Fu(itself,)i(are)g(describ)s(ed)d(in)h
(Section)g(12.1)150 4061 y([Commands)30 b(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(\014les],)g
(page)j(101.\))390 4198 y Fo(\(eg-C:\\H8300\\TEST\))43
b(gdb)k(t.x)390 4302 y(GDB)g(is)g(free)g(software)e(and)i(you)g(are)g
(welcome)f(to)h(distribute)e(copies)438 4406 y(of)i(it)g(under)f
(certain)g(conditions;)f(type)i("show)f(copying")g(to)h(see)438
4510 y(the)g(conditions.)390 4614 y(There)f(is)i(absolutely)d(no)i
(warranty)e(for)i(GDB;)g(type)f("show)h(warranty")390
4717 y(for)g(details.)390 4821 y(GDB)g(19990707,)e(Copyright)g(1992)i
(Free)g(Software)e(Foundation,)g(Inc...)390 4925 y(\(gdb\))h(target)g
(hms)390 5029 y(Connected)f(to)i(remote)g(H8/300)f(HMS)h(system.)390
5132 y(\(gdb\))f(load)h(t.x)390 5236 y(.text)142 b(:)47
b(0x8000)f(..)i(0xabde)e(***********)390 5340 y(.data)142
b(:)47 b(0xabde)f(..)i(0xad30)e(*)p eop
135 136 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(13:)41 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28
b(a)j(Debugging)f(T)-8 b(arget)1729 b(135)390 299 y Fo(.stack)94
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143 144 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(15:)41 b(Canned)30
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736 y(unit:)39 b(user-de\014ned)29 b(commands)h(and)g(command)g
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1283 y(name)28 b(as)f(a)h(command.)40 b(This)26 b(is)h(done)g(with)f
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2755 y(that)31 b(name,)g(y)m(ou)f(are)h(ask)m(ed)g(to)g(con\014rm)f
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b(commands)g(are)h(executed)h(rep)s(eatedly)e(as)630
4179 y(long)i(as)h(the)f(expression)f(ev)-5 b(aluates)31
b(to)g(true.)150 4332 y Fo(document)d Fn(commandname)630
4442 y Fu(Do)s(cumen)m(t)46 b(the)f(user-de\014ned)e(command)h
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5340 y(men)m(tation.)p eop
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299 y Fo(help)g(user-defined)630 408 y Fu(List)24 b(all)f
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1622 y(If)e(used)g(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)29 b(commands)e(that)i(w)
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1731 y(when)e(used)g(inside)f(a)i(user-de\014ned)f(command.)39
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2503 y(run)d(the)j(command)e(`)p Fo(foo)p Fu(',)i(if)e(the)h
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4049 y(end)390 4257 y(define)g(hook-continue)390 4361
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5340 y(from)30 b(the)g Fo(define)f Fu(command.)p eop
145 146 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(15:)41 b(Canned)30
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844 y(When)e(y)m(ou)g(start)h(GDB,)g(it)f(automatically)g(executes)i
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2474 y(Eac)m(h)38 b(time)g(GDB)h(displa)m(ys)d(a)j(stac)m(k)g(frame,)i
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4982 y Fu(\(preceded)37 b(b)m(y)g Fl(ESC)29 b(ESC)p Fu(,)38
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b(of)f(GDB.)275 1194 y(In)36 b(order)g(for)g(a)i(bug)e(rep)s(ort)g(to)h
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(information)e(that)150 1303 y(enables)30 b(us)f(to)i(\014x)f(the)h
(bug.)150 1592 y Fs(17.1)68 b(Ha)l(v)l(e)47 b(y)l(ou)e(found)f(a)h
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225 2013 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)25 b(the)h(debugger)f(gets)i(a)f(fatal)g
(signal,)f(for)g(an)m(y)h(input)e(whatev)m(er,)k(that)e(is)e(a)i(GDB)h
(bug.)39 b(Reliable)330 2122 y(debuggers)30 b(nev)m(er)h(crash.)225
2263 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)32 b(GDB)h(pro)s(duces)e(an)h(error)f
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(connection)g(to)h(the)f(target.\))225 2514 y Fq(\017)60
b Fu(If)32 b(GDB)j(do)s(es)d(not)h(pro)s(duce)f(an)h(error)g(message)h
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b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)330 2623 y(y)m(ou)31 b(should)d(note)j(that)h(y)m
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(for)i(traditional)d(practice".)225 2874 y Fq(\017)60
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22 b(o\013er)28 b(supp)s(ort)e(for)h Ft(gnu)g Fu(pro)s(ducts.)39
b(If)27 b(y)m(ou)h(obtained)150 3587 y(GDB)j(from)f(a)h(supp)s(ort)e
(organization,)h(w)m(e)h(recommend)f(y)m(ou)h(con)m(tact)i(that)e
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(and)f(individuals)d(in)i(the)j(\014le)150 3843 y(`)p
Fo(etc/SERVICE)p Fu(')h(in)h(the)h Ft(gnu)h Fu(Emacs)f(distribution.)
275 3990 y(In)f(an)m(y)i(ev)m(en)m(t,)h(w)m(e)f(also)f(recommend)g
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(addresses:)390 4132 y Fo(bug-gdb@prep.ai.mit.edu)275
4279 y Fm(Do)j(not)g(send)f(bug)g(rep)s(orts)h(to)h(`)p
Fo(info-gdb)p Fm(',)e(or)h(to)h(`)p Fo(help-gdb)p Fm(',)e(or)h(to)h(an)
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Fo(bug-gdb)p Fu(')g(has)i(a)g(newsgroup)f(`)p Fo(gnu.gdb.bug)p
Fu(')e(whic)m(h)i(serv)m(es)h(as)g(a)g(rep)s(eater.)150
4755 y(The)26 b(mailing)e(list)h(and)h(the)h(newsgroup)e(carry)h
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5340 y(As)i(a)h(last)f(resort,)h(send)e(bug)h(rep)s(orts)g(on)g(pap)s
(er)f(to:)p eop
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299 y Ft(gnu)48 b Fo(Debugger)d(Bugs)390 403 y(Free)i(Software)e
(Foundation)g(Inc.)390 506 y(59)i(Temple)f(Place)h(-)g(Suite)f(330)390
610 y(Boston,)g(MA)h(02111-1307)390 714 y(USA)275 857
y Fu(The)29 b(fundamen)m(tal)f(principle)e(of)k(rep)s(orting)e(bugs)g
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Fu(.)41 b(If)29 b(y)m(ou)150 966 y(are)i(not)f(sure)g(whether)g(to)h
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1219 y(assume)e(that)h(some)g(details)f(do)g(not)h(matter.)63
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b(P)m(erhaps)39 b(the)g(bug)g(is)f(a)h(stra)m(y)h(memory)f(reference)g
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1548 y(lo)s(cation)g(where)g(that)h(name)f(is)g(stored)g(in)f(memory;)
44 b(p)s(erhaps,)c(if)f(the)g(name)h(w)m(ere)f(di\013eren)m(t,)j(the)
150 1657 y(con)m(ten)m(ts)27 b(of)f(that)f(lo)s(cation)g(w)m(ould)f(fo)
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1876 y(and)e(the)g(most)h(helpful.)275 2019 y(Keep)k(in)f(mind)f(that)j
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2491 y(rep)s(orts)g(are)h(useless,)f(and)g(w)m(e)h(urge)f(ev)m(ery)m
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b(to)d(them)39 b Fu(except)33 b(to)f(c)m(hide)f(the)150
2601 y(sender)f(to)h(rep)s(ort)e(bugs)h(prop)s(erly)-8
b(.)275 2743 y(T)g(o)30 b(enable)g(us)g(to)h(\014x)f(the)g(bug,)g(y)m
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(debugging|)330 3770 y(e.g.)43 b(\\gcc{2.8.1",)36 b(or)31
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b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(GCC,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)g(sa)m(y)330 3879
y Fo(gcc)e(--version)e Fu(to)j(get)h(this)d(information;)g(for)h(other)
h(compilers,)e(see)i(the)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g(for)330
3989 y(those)i(compilers.)225 4128 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30
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y(migh)m(t)i(not)h(encoun)m(ter)g(the)f(bug.)225 4734
y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(A)30 b(complete)h(input)e(script,)g(and)h(all)f
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151 152 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(17:)41 b(Rep)s(orting)30
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3422 y(information,)30 b(suc)m(h)i(as)g(the)f(test)i(case,)g(on)e(the)h
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b(W)-8 b(e)330 3532 y(migh)m(t)30 b(see)i(problems)c(with)i(y)m(our)g
(patc)m(h)i(and)e(decide)g(to)h(\014x)f(the)h(problem)e(another)i(w)m
(a)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(or)e(w)m(e)330 3641 y(migh)m(t)g(not)h(understand)d
(it)i(at)h(all.)330 3776 y(Sometimes)41 b(with)f(a)i(program)f(as)g
(complicated)g(as)h(GDB)g(it)f(is)f(v)m(ery)i(hard)e(to)i(construct)g
(an)330 3885 y(example)29 b(that)g(will)d(mak)m(e)k(the)g(program)e
(follo)m(w)g(a)i(certain)f(path)f(through)h(the)g(co)s(de.)40
b(If)29 b(y)m(ou)g(do)330 3995 y(not)k(send)f(us)g(the)h(example,)h(w)m
(e)f(will)e(not)i(b)s(e)f(able)g(to)i(construct)f(one,)h(so)f(w)m(e)h
(will)c(not)j(b)s(e)f(able)330 4105 y(to)f(v)m(erify)f(that)h(the)f
(bug)g(is)g(\014xed.)330 4239 y(And)c(if)g(w)m(e)i(cannot)f(understand)
f(what)h(bug)f(y)m(ou)i(are)f(trying)f(to)i(\014x,)f(or)h(wh)m(y)e(y)m
(our)h(patc)m(h)h(should)330 4349 y(b)s(e)i(an)g(impro)m(v)m(emen)m(t,)
h(w)m(e)g(will)d(not)i(install)e(it.)41 b(A)30 b(test)h(case)h(will)c
(help)g(us)i(to)h(understand.)225 4483 y Fq(\017)60 b
Fu(A)30 b(guess)h(ab)s(out)f(what)g(the)h(bug)f(is)f(or)h(what)h(it)f
(dep)s(ends)e(on.)330 4618 y(Suc)m(h)e(guesses)g(are)h(usually)d
(wrong.)39 b(Ev)m(en)26 b(w)m(e)h(cannot)g(guess)f(righ)m(t)g(ab)s(out)
g(suc)m(h)g(things)f(without)330 4727 y(\014rst)30 b(using)f(the)h
(debugger)g(to)h(\014nd)e(the)i(facts.)p eop
152 153 bop 150 -116 a Fu(152)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)p
eop
153 154 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
b(Line)f(Editing)2015 b(153)150 299 y Fp(18)80 b(Command)52
b(Line)i(Editing)275 533 y Fu(This)28 b(c)m(hapter)j(describ)s(es)e
(the)h(basic)g(features)h(of)f(the)h Ft(GNU)g Fu(command)f(line)e
(editing)h(in)m(terface.)150 791 y Fs(18.1)68 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)45
b(to)h(Line)f(Editing)275 984 y Fu(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)g(paragraphs)h
(describ)s(e)f(the)h(notation)h(used)e(to)j(represen)m(t)e(k)m(eystrok)
m(es.)275 1119 y(The)h(text)654 1116 y Fj(h)p 678 1063
112 4 v 678 1119 a Fi(C-k)p 678 1134 V 786 1116 a Fj(i)848
1119 y Fu(is)g(read)h(as)g(`Con)m(trol-K')g(and)g(describ)s(es)e(the)i
(c)m(haracter)i(pro)s(duced)d(when)g(the)3663 1116 y
Fj(h)p 3687 1063 38 4 v 3687 1119 a Fi(k)p 3687 1134
V 3720 1116 a Fj(i)150 1228 y Fu(k)m(ey)g(is)f(pressed)f(while)f(the)j
(Con)m(trol)f(k)m(ey)h(is)f(depressed.)275 1363 y(The)f(text)650
1360 y Fj(h)p 675 1307 126 4 v 675 1363 a Fi(M-k)p 675
1378 V 796 1360 a Fj(i)856 1363 y Fu(is)g(read)h(as)g(`Meta-K')i(and)e
(describ)s(es)e(the)i(c)m(haracter)i(pro)s(duced)d(when)g(the)h(meta)
150 1473 y(k)m(ey)e(\(if)e(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(one\))f(is)f
(depressed,)h(and)f(the)1845 1470 y Fj(h)p 1869 1416
38 4 v 1869 1473 a Fi(k)p 1869 1488 V 1902 1470 a Fj(i)1959
1473 y Fu(k)m(ey)h(is)f(pressed.)39 b(If)26 b(y)m(ou)h(do)g(not)g(ha)m
(v)m(e)h(a)f(meta)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)150 1582 y(the)34 b(iden)m(tical)f(k)
m(eystrok)m(e)j(can)f(b)s(e)e(generated)j(b)m(y)e(t)m(yping)2219
1579 y Fj(h)p 2244 1526 139 4 v 2244 1582 a Fi(ESC)p
2244 1597 V 2378 1579 a Fj(i)2442 1582 y Fr(\014rst)p
Fu(,)i(and)d(then)h(t)m(yping)3337 1579 y Fj(h)p 3361
1526 38 4 v 3361 1582 a Fi(k)p 3361 1597 V 3394 1579
a Fj(i)3424 1582 y Fu(.)52 b(Either)150 1692 y(pro)s(cess)30
b(is)f(kno)m(wn)h(as)h Fn(metafying)38 b Fu(the)1546
1689 y Fj(h)p 1571 1636 V 1571 1692 a Fi(k)p 1571 1707
V 1604 1689 a Fj(i)1664 1692 y Fu(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)275 1826
y(The)38 b(text)669 1823 y Fj(h)p 693 1770 200 4 v 693
1826 a Fi(M-C-k)p 693 1842 V 889 1823 a Fj(i)958 1826
y Fu(is)g(read)i(as)f(`Meta-Con)m(trol-k')j(and)d(describ)s(es)f(the)h
(c)m(haracter)i(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)150 1936 y Fn(metafying)582
1933 y Fj(h)p 606 1880 112 4 v 606 1936 a Fi(C-k)p 606
1951 V 714 1933 a Fj(i)744 1936 y Fu(.)275 2071 y(In)e(addition,)h(sev)
m(eral)g(k)m(eys)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(their)e(o)m(wn)h(names.)60
b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)2768 2068 y Fj(h)p 2792 2015
146 4 v 2792 2071 a Fi(DEL)p 2792 2086 V 2934 2068 a
Fj(i)2964 2071 y Fu(,)3028 2068 y Fj(h)p 3052 2015 139
4 v 3052 2071 a Fi(ESC)p 3052 2086 V 3186 2068 a Fj(i)3216
2071 y Fu(,)3279 2068 y Fj(h)p 3303 2015 144 4 v 3303
2071 a Fi(LFD)p 3303 2086 V 3443 2068 a Fj(i)3473 2071
y Fu(,)3537 2068 y Fj(h)p 3561 2015 139 4 v 3561 2071
a Fi(SPC)p 3561 2086 V 3695 2068 a Fj(i)3725 2071 y Fu(,)150
2177 y Fj(h)p 174 2124 151 4 v 174 2180 a Fi(RET)p 174
2196 V 321 2177 a Fj(i)351 2180 y Fu(,)47 b(and)612 2177
y Fj(h)p 637 2124 148 4 v 637 2180 a Fi(T)-6 b(AB)p 637
2196 V 780 2177 a Fj(i)853 2180 y Fu(all)43 b(stand)g(for)g(themselv)m
(es)h(when)e(seen)i(in)e(this)g(text,)48 b(or)43 b(in)f(an)i(init)d
(\014le)i(\(see)150 2290 y(Section)30 b(18.3)i([Readline)d(Init)h
(File],)g(page)h(155\).)150 2548 y Fs(18.2)68 b(Readline)47
b(In)l(teraction)275 2740 y Fu(Often)24 b(during)f(an)i(in)m(teractiv)m
(e)h(session)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(in)e(a)h(long)g(line)e(of)j(text,)
h(only)e(to)g(notice)h(that)g(the)150 2850 y(\014rst)32
b(w)m(ord)g(on)g(the)g(line)f(is)h(missp)s(elled.)43
b(The)32 b(Readline)f(library)f(giv)m(es)i(y)m(ou)h(a)g(set)g(of)f
(commands)g(for)150 2960 y(manipulating)27 b(the)j(text)h(as)f(y)m(ou)g
(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)f(in,)g(allo)m(wing)f(y)m(ou)i(to)h(just)e(\014x)g(y)m
(our)h(t)m(yp)s(o,)g(and)g(not)g(forcing)150 3069 y(y)m(ou)e(to)h(ret)m
(yp)s(e)g(the)f(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)28 b(of)g(the)h(line.)38
b(Using)27 b(these)i(editing)e(commands,)h(y)m(ou)h(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)g
(cursor)150 3179 y(to)35 b(the)f(place)h(that)f(needs)g(correction,)i
(and)e(delete)g(or)g(insert)g(the)g(text)h(of)g(the)f(corrections.)53
b(Then,)150 3288 y(when)30 b(y)m(ou)i(are)f(satis\014ed)f(with)g(the)h
(line,)f(y)m(ou)i(simply)c(press)2320 3285 y Fj(h)p 2344
3232 309 4 v 2344 3288 a Fi(RETURN)p 2344 3304 V 2648
3285 a Fj(i)2678 3288 y Fu(.)43 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)
g(to)g(b)s(e)e(at)150 3398 y(the)j(end)f(of)h(the)g(line)f(to)h(press)
1267 3395 y Fj(h)p 1291 3342 V 1291 3398 a Fi(RETURN)p
1291 3413 V 1596 3395 a Fj(i)1626 3398 y Fu(;)h(the)f(en)m(tire)g(line)
e(is)h(accepted)i(regardless)e(of)h(the)g(lo)s(cation)150
3507 y(of)e(the)f(cursor)g(within)e(the)i(line.)150 3732
y Fk(18.2.1)63 b(Readline)41 b(Bare)g(Essen)m(tials)275
3925 y Fu(In)22 b(order)g(to)i(en)m(ter)g(c)m(haracters)g(in)m(to)f
(the)h(line,)f(simply)d(t)m(yp)s(e)k(them.)38 b(The)22
b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i(app)s(ears)150 4034 y(where)32
b(the)h(cursor)e(w)m(as,)j(and)e(then)g(the)h(cursor)e(mo)m(v)m(es)j
(one)f(space)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.)46 b(If)32 b(y)m(ou)h(mist)m(yp)s
(e)f(a)150 4144 y(c)m(haracter,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(use)f(y)m(our)g(erase)
h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(bac)m(k)g(up)f(and)f(delete)i(the)g(mist)m(yp)s
(ed)d(c)m(haracter.)275 4279 y(Sometimes)36 b(y)m(ou)i(ma)m(y)f(miss)f
(t)m(yping)g(a)i(c)m(haracter)g(that)g(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(ted)h(to)g(t)m
(yp)s(e,)h(and)d(not)i(notice)150 4388 y(y)m(our)28 b(error)g(un)m(til)
f(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(sev)m(eral)g(other)h(c)m
(haracters.)41 b(In)28 b(that)h(case,)h(y)m(ou)e(can)h(t)m(yp)s(e)3477
4385 y Fj(h)p 3502 4332 114 4 v 3502 4388 a Fi(C-b)p
3502 4403 V 3611 4385 a Fj(i)3669 4388 y Fu(to)150 4498
y(mo)m(v)m(e)k(the)f(cursor)g(to)g(the)g(left,)g(and)g(then)f(correct)i
(y)m(our)f(mistak)m(e.)46 b(Afterw)m(ards,)32 b(y)m(ou)g(can)g(mo)m(v)m
(e)i(the)150 4607 y(cursor)c(to)h(the)f(righ)m(t)g(with)1118
4604 y Fj(h)p 1143 4551 97 4 v 1143 4607 a Fi(C-f)p 1143
4623 V 1234 4604 a Fj(i)1264 4607 y Fu(.)275 4742 y(When)i(y)m(ou)h
(add)f(text)h(in)e(the)i(middle)d(of)j(a)g(line,)f(y)m(ou)g(will)e
(notice)j(that)g(c)m(haracters)h(to)g(the)e(righ)m(t)150
4852 y(of)d(the)g(cursor)f(are)h(`pushed)e(o)m(v)m(er')j(to)g(mak)m(e)f
(ro)s(om)g(for)f(the)h(text)h(that)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(inserted.)39
b(Lik)m(ewise,)150 4961 y(when)e(y)m(ou)g(delete)h(text)h(b)s(ehind)34
b(the)k(cursor,)h(c)m(haracters)g(to)f(the)g(righ)m(t)f(of)h(the)g
(cursor)e(are)i(`pulled)150 5071 y(bac)m(k')33 b(to)f(\014ll)e(in)g
(the)i(blank)f(space)h(created)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(remo)m(v)-5
b(al)32 b(of)g(the)g(text.)46 b(A)32 b(list)e(of)i(the)g(basic)f(bare)
150 5180 y(essen)m(tials)f(for)g(editing)f(the)i(text)g(of)g(an)f
(input)e(line)h(follo)m(ws.)150 5337 y Fj(h)p 174 5284
114 4 v 174 5340 a Fi(C-b)p 174 5355 V 284 5337 a Fj(i)630
5340 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)j(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m(haracter.)p
eop
154 155 bop 150 -116 a Fu(154)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
296 y Fj(h)p 174 243 97 4 v 174 299 a Fi(C-f)p 174 314
V 266 296 a Fj(i)630 299 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)j(forw)m(ard)e(one)h(c)m
(haracter.)150 453 y Fj(h)p 174 400 146 4 v 174 456 a
Fi(DEL)p 174 471 V 316 453 a Fj(i)630 456 y Fu(Delete)h(the)e(c)m
(haracter)i(to)f(the)g(left)f(of)g(the)h(cursor.)150
610 y Fj(h)p 174 557 114 4 v 174 613 a Fi(C-d)p 174 628
V 284 610 a Fj(i)630 613 y Fu(Delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(underneath)
d(the)i(cursor.)150 770 y(Prin)m(ting)e(c)m(haracters)630
879 y(Insert)h(the)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(to)f(the)f(line)f(at)i(the)g
(cursor.)150 1033 y Fj(h)p 174 980 100 4 v 174 1036 a
Fi(C-)p 253 1036 22 3 v 174 1052 100 4 v 270 1033 a Fj(i)630
1036 y Fu(Undo)i(the)h(last)f(editing)f(command.)50 b(Y)-8
b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)f(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g
(empt)m(y)630 1146 y(line.)150 1366 y Fk(18.2.2)63 b(Readline)41
b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)e(Commands)275 1558 y Fu(The)31 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i
(table)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(most)g(basic)g(p)s(ossible)d(k)m(eystrok)
m(es)34 b(that)f(y)m(ou)f(need)g(in)f(order)g(to)150
1667 y(do)d(editing)f(of)h(the)h(input)d(line.)38 b(F)-8
b(or)29 b(y)m(our)f(con)m(v)m(enience,)i(man)m(y)f(other)f(commands)g
(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(added)150 1777 y(in)c(addition)g(to)712
1774 y Fj(h)p 736 1721 114 4 v 736 1777 a Fi(C-b)p 736
1792 V 846 1774 a Fj(i)875 1777 y Fu(,)927 1774 y Fj(h)p
952 1721 97 4 v 952 1777 a Fi(C-f)p 952 1792 V 1043 1774
a Fj(i)1073 1777 y Fu(,)1125 1774 y Fj(h)p 1149 1721
114 4 v 1149 1777 a Fi(C-d)p 1149 1792 V 1259 1774 a
Fj(i)1289 1777 y Fu(,)i(and)1513 1774 y Fj(h)p 1537 1721
146 4 v 1537 1777 a Fi(DEL)p 1537 1792 V 1679 1774 a
Fj(i)1708 1777 y Fu(.)40 b(Here)26 b(are)g(some)g(commands)f(for)h(mo)m
(ving)g(more)f(rapidly)150 1887 y(ab)s(out)30 b(the)h(line.)150
2040 y Fj(h)p 174 1987 110 4 v 174 2043 a Fi(C-a)p 174
2059 V 280 2040 a Fj(i)630 2043 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)h(to)g(the)e(start)h
(of)g(the)f(line.)150 2197 y Fj(h)p 174 2144 106 4 v
174 2200 a Fi(C-e)p 174 2216 V 276 2197 a Fj(i)630 2200
y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)i(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150
2354 y Fj(h)p 174 2301 110 4 v 174 2357 a Fi(M-f)p 174
2373 V 280 2354 a Fj(i)630 2357 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)h(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m
(ord,)f(where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)f(comp)s(osed)h(of)h(letters)g(and)e
(digits.)150 2511 y Fj(h)p 174 2458 128 4 v 174 2514
a Fi(M-b)p 174 2530 V 297 2511 a Fj(i)630 2514 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)j(bac)m
(kw)m(ard)f(a)g(w)m(ord.)150 2668 y Fj(h)p 174 2615 95
4 v 174 2671 a Fi(C-l)p 174 2687 V 264 2668 a Fj(i)630
2671 y Fu(Clear)f(the)g(screen,)h(reprin)m(ting)d(the)j(curren)m(t)f
(line)f(at)i(the)f(top.)275 2828 y(Notice)24 b(ho)m(w)735
2825 y Fj(h)p 759 2772 97 4 v 759 2828 a Fi(C-f)p 759
2844 V 851 2825 a Fj(i)904 2828 y Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)h(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m
(haracter,)i(while)2210 2825 y Fj(h)p 2235 2772 110 4
v 2235 2828 a Fi(M-f)p 2235 2844 V 2340 2825 a Fj(i)2393
2828 y Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)f(forw)m(ard)e(a)g(w)m(ord.)39
b(It)23 b(is)f(a)i(lo)s(ose)150 2938 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)31
b(that)g(con)m(trol)f(k)m(eystrok)m(es)i(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m
(haracters)h(while)d(meta)j(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150
3047 y(w)m(ords.)150 3268 y Fk(18.2.3)63 b(Readline)41
b(Killing)h(Commands)275 3459 y Fn(Killing)f Fu(text)e(means)e(to)h
(delete)f(the)h(text)g(from)f(the)g(line,)h(but)f(to)h(sa)m(v)m(e)h(it)
d(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)k(for)d(later)g(use,)150 3569 y(usually)d(b)m(y)j
Fn(y)m(anking)44 b Fu(\(re-inserting\))36 b(it)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)g
(the)f(line.)58 b(If)36 b(the)h(description)e(for)h(a)h(command)150
3678 y(sa)m(ys)c(that)h(it)e(`kills')f(text,)k(then)d(y)m(ou)h(can)g(b)
s(e)g(sure)f(that)h(y)m(ou)g(can)g(get)h(the)f(text)h(bac)m(k)g(in)d(a)
i(di\013eren)m(t)150 3788 y(\(or)e(the)f(same\))h(place)g(later.)275
3921 y(When)23 b(y)m(ou)g(use)g(a)h(kill)d(command,)j(the)g(text)g(is)e
(sa)m(v)m(ed)j(in)d(a)h Fn(kill-ring)p Fu(.)35 b(An)m(y)24
b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(consecutiv)m(e)150 4031 y(kills)28
b(sa)m(v)m(e)33 b(all)d(of)h(the)g(killed)e(text)j(together,)g(so)g
(that)f(when)f(y)m(ou)h(y)m(ank)h(it)e(bac)m(k,)i(y)m(ou)g(get)g(it)e
(all.)41 b(The)150 4141 y(kill)30 b(ring)h(is)g(not)i(line)e(sp)s
(eci\014c;)h(the)h(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)c(on)k(a)f(previously)
e(t)m(yp)s(ed)j(line)d(is)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)150 4250
y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)g(when)e(y)m(ou)i
(are)g(t)m(yping)e(another)i(line.)275 4383 y(Here)f(is)g(the)g(list)f
(of)i(commands)f(for)g(killing)d(text.)150 4537 y Fj(h)p
174 4484 112 4 v 174 4540 a Fi(C-k)p 174 4556 V 282 4537
a Fj(i)630 4540 y Fu(Kill)h(the)i(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g
(cursor)g(p)s(osition)f(to)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150
4694 y Fj(h)p 174 4641 128 4 v 174 4697 a Fi(M-d)p 174
4713 V 297 4694 a Fj(i)630 4697 y Fu(Kill)25 b(from)j(the)g(cursor)f
(to)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)g(or)g(if)f(b)s(et)m
(w)m(een)i(w)m(ords,)f(to)h(the)630 4807 y(end)h(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m
(ord.)150 4961 y Fj(h)p 174 4908 235 4 v 174 4964 a Fi(M-DEL)p
174 4979 V 404 4961 a Fj(i)630 4964 y Fu(Kill)d(from)h(the)i(cursor)e
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(een)i(w)m(ords,)f(to)h(the)630 5073 y(start)h(of)f(the)h(previous)e(w)
m(ord.)150 5227 y Fj(h)p 174 5174 126 4 v 174 5230 a
Fi(C-w)p 174 5246 V 295 5227 a Fj(i)630 5230 y Fu(Kill)g(from)i(the)h
(cursor)f(to)i(the)f(previous)e(whitespace.)45 b(This)30
b(is)g(di\013eren)m(t)i(than)3466 5227 y Fj(h)p 3490
5174 235 4 v 3490 5230 a Fi(M-DEL)p 3490 5246 V 3720
5227 a Fj(i)630 5340 y Fu(b)s(ecause)e(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(oundaries)e
(di\013er.)p eop
155 156 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
b(Line)f(Editing)2015 b(155)275 299 y(Here)42 b(is)e(ho)m(w)i(to)g
Fn(y)m(ank)47 b Fu(the)42 b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)e(the)h(line.)72
b(Y)-8 b(anking)42 b(means)f(to)h(cop)m(y)h(the)e(most-)150
408 y(recen)m(tly-killed)29 b(text)i(from)f(the)g(kill)f(bu\013er.)150
573 y Fj(h)p 174 519 112 4 v 174 576 a Fi(C-y)p 174 591
V 282 573 a Fj(i)630 576 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ank)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(tly)
g(killed)d(text)j(bac)m(k)g(in)m(to)g(the)f(bu\013er)g(at)h(the)f
(cursor.)150 737 y Fj(h)p 174 684 126 4 v 174 740 a Fi(M-y)p
174 755 V 295 737 a Fj(i)630 740 y Fu(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)e
(and)h(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)e(do)i
(this)e(if)h(the)h(prior)630 850 y(command)30 b(is)1136
847 y Fj(h)p 1160 794 112 4 v 1160 850 a Fi(C-y)p 1160
865 V 1267 847 a Fj(i)1327 850 y Fu(or)1439 847 y Fj(h)p
1463 794 126 4 v 1463 850 a Fi(M-y)p 1463 865 V 1584
847 a Fj(i)1614 850 y Fu(.)150 1084 y Fk(18.2.4)63 b(Readline)41
b(Argumen)m(ts)275 1282 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(can)h(pass)f(n)m(umeric)f
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b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h(acts)150 1391 y(as)40 b(a)h(rep)s(eat)f(coun)m
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b(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(that)h(is)e(signi\014can)m(t.)69
b(If)40 b(y)m(ou)150 1501 y(pass)33 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t)f
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(direction,)g(that)150 1610 y(command)i(will)e(act)j(in)e(a)i(bac)m(kw)
m(ard)f(direction.)55 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(example,)g(to)g(kill)d(text)j
(bac)m(k)g(to)g(the)g(start)g(of)150 1720 y(the)31 b(line,)e(y)m(ou)h
(migh)m(t)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(`)p Fo(M--)f(C-k)p Fu('.)275
1860 y(The)d(general)h(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)e(pass)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m
(ts)i(to)g(a)f(command)g(is)f(to)i(t)m(yp)s(e)f(meta)i(digits)c(b)s
(efore)150 1969 y(the)32 b(command.)46 b(If)32 b(the)g(\014rst)f
(`digit')h(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(is)f(a)h(min)m(us)f(sign)g(\()2387
1966 y Fj(h)p 2411 1913 24 4 v 2411 1969 a Fi(-)p 2411
1985 V 2431 1966 a Fj(i)2461 1969 y Fu(\),)i(then)e(the)i(sign)e(of)h
(the)g(argumen)m(t)150 2079 y(will)26 b(b)s(e)h(negativ)m(e.)41
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(to)i(get)h(the)e(argumen)m(t)h(started,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)150
2188 y(t)m(yp)s(e)38 b(the)f(remainder)f(of)i(the)f(digits,)h(and)f
(then)g(the)h(command.)61 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)g(to)f(giv)m(e)g
(the)3586 2185 y Fj(h)p 3611 2132 114 4 v 3611 2188 a
Fi(C-d)p 3611 2204 V 3720 2185 a Fj(i)150 2298 y Fu(command)30
b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(of)g(10,)g(y)m(ou)g(could)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(`)p
Fo(M-1)f(0)g(C-d)p Fu('.)150 2532 y Fk(18.2.5)63 b(Searc)m(hing)41
b(for)g(Commands)f(in)h(the)g(History)275 2730 y Fu(Readline)30
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(command)f(history)f(for)h(lines)e(con-)150 2840 y(taining)f(a)i(sp)s
(eci\014ed)e(string.)39 b(There)30 b(are)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(searc)m(h)f(mo)s
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Fu(.)275 2979 y(Incremen)m(tal)25 b(searc)m(hes)i(b)s(egin)d(b)s(efore)
h(the)h(user)f(has)h(\014nished)d(t)m(yping)i(the)h(searc)m(h)g
(string.)38 b(As)26 b(eac)m(h)150 3089 y(c)m(haracter)37
b(of)e(the)h(searc)m(h)g(string)e(is)h(t)m(yp)s(ed,)h(Readline)e
(displa)m(ys)g(the)h(next)h(en)m(try)g(from)e(the)i(history)150
3198 y(matc)m(hing)c(the)h(string)e(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(so)g(far.)46
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1573 3527 a Fi(ESC)p 1573 3542 V 1707 3524 a Fj(i)1768
3527 y Fu(and)1946 3524 y Fj(h)p 1970 3471 111 4 v 1970
3527 a Fi(C-J)p 1970 3542 V 2077 3524 a Fj(i)2138 3527
y Fu(c)m(haracters)h(will)c(terminate)i(an)h(incremen)m(tal)150
3637 y(searc)m(h.)460 3634 y Fj(h)p 484 3581 110 4 v
484 3637 a Fi(C-g)p 484 3652 V 590 3634 a Fj(i)646 3637
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3746 y(is)32 b(terminated,)h(the)h(history)e(en)m(try)h(con)m(taining)f
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b(T)-8 b(o)150 3856 y(\014nd)33 b(other)j(matc)m(hing)f(en)m(tries)g
(in)e(the)i(history)f(list,)h(t)m(yp)s(e)2251 3853 y
Fj(h)p 2275 3800 103 4 v 2275 3856 a Fi(C-s)p 2275 3871
V 2373 3853 a Fj(i)2438 3856 y Fu(or)2554 3853 y Fj(h)p
2578 3800 102 4 v 2578 3856 a Fi(C-r)p 2578 3871 V 2676
3853 a Fj(i)2740 3856 y Fu(as)h(appropriate.)53 b(This)34
b(will)150 3965 y(searc)m(h)39 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(or)g(forw)m(ard)g(in)
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(searc)m(h)h(string)150 4075 y(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(so)h(far.)63
b(An)m(y)38 b(other)f(k)m(ey)i(sequence)f(b)s(ound)e(to)i(a)g(Readline)
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(execute)i(that)g(command.)72 b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(instance,)j(a)2301
4182 y Fj(h)p 2325 4129 151 4 v 2325 4185 a Fi(RET)p
2325 4200 V 2472 4182 a Fj(i)2543 4185 y Fu(will)38 b(terminate)j(the)g
(searc)m(h)h(and)150 4294 y(accept)32 b(the)e(line,)f(thereb)m(y)i
(executing)f(the)h(command)f(from)g(the)h(history)e(list.)275
4434 y(Non-incremen)m(tal)46 b(searc)m(hes)i(read)e(the)h(en)m(tire)g
(searc)m(h)g(string)f(b)s(efore)g(starting)g(to)i(searc)m(h)f(for)150
4543 y(matc)m(hing)c(history)e(lines.)76 b(The)42 b(searc)m(h)h(string)
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(part)g(of)h(the)150 4653 y(con)m(ten)m(ts)32 b(of)f(the)f(curren)m(t)g
(line.)150 4923 y Fs(18.3)68 b(Readline)47 b(Init)e(File)275
5121 y Fu(Although)34 b(the)h(Readline)f(library)e(comes)k(with)e(a)h
(set)h(of)f Fo(emacs)p Fu(-lik)m(e)f(k)m(eybindings)e(installed)h(b)m
(y)150 5230 y(default,)25 b(it)g(is)e(p)s(ossible)g(to)i(use)f(a)i
(di\013eren)m(t)e(set)h(of)g(k)m(eybindings.)36 b(An)m(y)25
b(user)f(can)h(customize)g(programs)150 5340 y(that)k(use)e(Readline)g
(b)m(y)g(putting)g(commands)h(in)e(an)i Fn(inputrc)k
Fu(\014le)27 b(in)f(his)h(home)h(directory)-8 b(.)39
b(The)28 b(name)p eop
156 157 bop 150 -116 a Fu(156)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y(of)i(this)f(\014le)h(is)f(tak)m(en)i(from)f(the)g(v)-5
b(alue)30 b(of)i(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30
b Fo(INPUTRC)p Fu(.)41 b(If)30 b(that)i(v)-5 b(ariable)30
b(is)150 408 y(unset,)g(the)h(default)e(is)h(`)p Fo(~/.inputrc)p
Fu('.)275 557 y(When)f(a)h(program)f(whic)m(h)g(uses)g(the)h(Readline)e
(library)f(starts)j(up,)f(the)h(init)e(\014le)g(is)h(read,)h(and)f(the)
150 667 y(k)m(ey)i(bindings)c(are)k(set.)275 815 y(In)26
b(addition,)g(the)h Fo(C-x)i(C-r)d Fu(command)h(re-reads)g(this)e(init)
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925 y(that)k(y)m(ou)g(migh)m(t)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(made)g(to)g(it.)150
1177 y Fk(18.3.1)63 b(Readline)41 b(Init)f(File)h(Syn)m(tax)275
1384 y Fu(There)33 b(are)h(only)f(a)h(few)f(basic)g(constructs)h(allo)m
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b(lines)f(are)150 1494 y(ignored.)71 b(Lines)40 b(b)s(eginning)e(with)i
(a)h(`)p Fo(#)p Fu(')g(are)h(commen)m(ts.)73 b(Lines)40
b(b)s(eginning)e(with)h(a)j(`)p Fo($)p Fu(')f(indicate)150
1603 y(conditional)32 b(constructs)i(\(see)h(Section)f(18.3.2)i
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b(Other)150 1713 y(lines)29 b(denote)i(v)-5 b(ariable)29
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(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(of)630 2113 y(v)-5 b(ariables)23
b(in)f(Readline)h(using)g(the)h Fo(set)f Fu(command)h(within)d(the)j
(init)f(\014le.)38 b(Here)24 b(is)f(ho)m(w)h(to)630 2222
y(c)m(hange)e(from)d(the)i(default)f(Emacs-lik)m(e)g(k)m(ey)h(binding)c
(to)k(use)g Fo(vi)e Fu(line)g(editing)g(commands:)870
2358 y Fo(set)47 b(editing-mode)d(vi)630 2500 y Fu(A)30
b(great)i(deal)e(of)h(run-time)e(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(c)m(hangeable)j
(with)d(the)h(follo)m(wing)f(v)-5 b(ariables.)630 2673
y Fo(bell-style)1110 2783 y Fu(Con)m(trols)43 b(what)h(happ)s(ens)e
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2892 y(nal)36 b(b)s(ell.)59 b(If)37 b(set)h(to)g(`)p
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b(If)36 b(set)i(to)1110 3002 y(`)p Fo(visible)p Fu(',)32
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b(ailable.)48 b(If)33 b(set)g(to)1110 3112 y(`)p Fo(audible)p
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3504 y Fu(The)29 b(string)f(to)i(insert)e(at)i(the)f(b)s(eginning)e(of)
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1110 3897 y Fu(If)e(set)h(to)g(`)p Fo(on)p Fu(',)g(Readline)e(p)s
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4007 y(in)i(a)i(case-insensitiv)m(e)f(fashion.)39 b(The)30
b(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)h(`)p Fo(off)p Fu('.)630
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4618 y(will)d(ask)j(the)f(user)g(whether)g(or)g(not)h(he)f(wishes)f(to)
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1641 y(when)k(it)g(is)f(called.)39 b(Some)27 b(systems)f(need)h(this)e
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y(w)m(ord)k(completion.)40 b(The)30 b(default)f(is)h(`)p
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(tally)1110 2655 y(on)32 b(a)g(single)e(screen)i(line)e(when)g(they)i
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b(ariable)29 b(is)h(set)g(to)i(`)p Fo(off)p Fu('.)630
3052 y Fo(input-meta)1110 3162 y Fu(If)f(set)h(to)g(`)p
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3381 y(terminal)38 b(claims)h(it)h(can)g(supp)s(ort.)68
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390 1856 y(set)h(editing-mode)d(emacs)390 2063 y($if)j(mode=emacs)390
2271 y(Meta-Control-h:)91 b(backward-kill-word)43 b(Text)k(after)f(the)
h(function)f(name)g(is)h(ignored)390 2478 y(#)390 2582
y(#)g(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(keypad)e(mode)390 2686 y(#)390
2790 y(#"\\M-OD":)379 b(backward-char)390 2893 y(#"\\M-OC":)g
(forward-char)390 2997 y(#"\\M-OA":)g(previous-history)390
3101 y(#"\\M-OB":)g(next-history)390 3205 y(#)390 3308
y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(ANSI)e(mode)390 3412 y(#)390
3516 y("\\M-[D":)380 b(backward-char)390 3620 y("\\M-[C":)g
(forward-char)390 3724 y("\\M-[A":)g(previous-history)390
3827 y("\\M-[B":)g(next-history)390 3931 y(#)390 4035
y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(keypad)f(mode)390
4139 y(#)390 4242 y(#"\\M-\\C-OD":)331 b(backward-char)390
4346 y(#"\\M-\\C-OC":)g(forward-char)390 4450 y(#"\\M-\\C-OA":)g
(previous-history)390 4554 y(#"\\M-\\C-OB":)g(next-history)390
4658 y(#)390 4761 y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(ANSI)g(mode)
390 4865 y(#)390 4969 y(#"\\M-\\C-[D":)331 b(backward-char)390
5073 y(#"\\M-\\C-[C":)g(forward-char)390 5176 y(#"\\M-\\C-[A":)g
(previous-history)390 5280 y(#"\\M-\\C-[B":)g(next-history)p
eop
162 163 bop 150 -116 a Fu(162)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)390
403 y Fo(C-q:)47 b(quoted-insert)390 610 y($endif)390
818 y(#)g(An)h(old-style)d(binding.)93 b(This)47 b(happens)f(to)h(be)g
(the)g(default.)390 922 y(TAB:)g(complete)390 1129 y(#)g(Macros)g(that)
f(are)h(convenient)e(for)i(shell)f(interaction)390 1233
y($if)h(Bash)390 1337 y(#)g(edit)g(the)g(path)390 1440
y("\\C-xp":)f("PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a)o(\\ef)o(\\C-f)o(")390
1544 y(#)h(prepare)f(to)h(type)g(a)h(quoted)e(word)g(--)h(insert)g
(open)f(and)h(close)f(double)h(quotes)390 1648 y(#)g(and)g(move)g(to)g
(just)g(after)f(the)h(open)g(quote)390 1752 y("\\C-x\\"":)e
("\\"\\"\\C-b")390 1856 y(#)i(insert)g(a)g(backslash)e(\(testing)h
(backslash)f(escapes)h(in)h(sequences)e(and)i(macros\))390
1959 y("\\C-x\\\\":)e("\\\\")390 2063 y(#)i(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)
h(previous)e(word)390 2167 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")390
2271 y(#)h(Add)g(a)h(binding)e(to)h(refresh)f(the)h(line,)f(which)g(is)
h(unbound)390 2374 y("\\C-xr":)f(redraw-current-line)390
2478 y(#)h(Edit)g(variable)f(on)h(current)f(line.)390
2582 y("\\M-\\C-v":)f("\\C-a\\C-k$\\C-y\\M-\\C-e\\C-)o(a\\C-)o(y=")390
2686 y($endif)390 2893 y(#)i(use)g(a)h(visible)e(bell)g(if)h(one)g(is)h
(available)390 2997 y(set)f(bell-style)e(visible)390
3205 y(#)i(don't)g(strip)f(characters)f(to)i(7)h(bits)e(when)h(reading)
390 3308 y(set)g(input-meta)e(on)390 3516 y(#)i(allow)g(iso-latin1)e
(characters)g(to)i(be)g(inserted)f(rather)g(than)g(converted)g(to)390
3620 y(#)h(prefix-meta)e(sequences)390 3724 y(set)i(convert-meta)d(off)
390 3931 y(#)j(display)f(characters)f(with)i(the)g(eighth)f(bit)h(set)g
(directly)e(rather)h(than)390 4035 y(#)h(as)h(meta-prefixed)c
(characters)390 4139 y(set)j(output-meta)e(on)390 4346
y(#)i(if)h(there)e(are)h(more)g(than)f(150)h(possible)f(completions)e
(for)j(a)h(word,)e(ask)h(the)390 4450 y(#)g(user)g(if)g(he)g(wants)g
(to)g(see)g(all)g(of)g(them)390 4554 y(set)g(completion-query-items)42
b(150)390 4761 y(#)47 b(For)g(FTP)390 4865 y($if)g(Ftp)390
4969 y("\\C-xg":)f("get)g(\\M-?")390 5073 y("\\C-xt":)g("put)g(\\M-?")
390 5176 y("\\M-.":)g(yank-last-arg)390 5280 y($endif)p
eop
163 164 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
b(Line)f(Editing)2015 b(163)150 299 y Fs(18.4)68 b(Bindable)45
b(Readline)i(Commands)275 490 y Fu(This)28 b(section)j(describ)s(es)d
(Readline)h(commands)h(that)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(b)s(ound)e(to)j(k)m(ey)h
(sequences.)150 708 y Fk(18.4.1)63 b(Commands)40 b(F)-10
b(or)41 b(Mo)m(ving)150 945 y Fo(beginning-of-line)26
b(\(C-a\))630 1055 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f
(curren)m(t)g(line.)150 1234 y Fo(end-of-line)d(\(C-e\))630
1343 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150
1522 y Fo(forward-char)c(\(C-f\))630 1632 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m(haracter.)150 1810 y Fo(backward-char)c(\(C-b\))
630 1920 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(a)e(c)m(haracter.)150
2099 y Fo(forward-word)d(\(M-f\))630 2208 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
b(forw)m(ard)e(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41
b(W)-8 b(ords)30 b(are)h(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(letters)h(and)630
2318 y(digits.)150 2497 y Fo(backward-word)c(\(M-b\))630
2606 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)34 b(bac)m(k)g(to)f(the)f(start)h(of)g(this,)f(or)
g(the)g(previous,)g(w)m(ord.)46 b(W)-8 b(ords)33 b(are)g(comp)s(osed)f
(of)630 2716 y(letters)f(and)e(digits.)150 2895 y Fo(clear-screen)e
(\(C-l\))630 3004 y Fu(Clear)f(the)h(screen)f(and)h(redra)m(w)f(the)h
(curren)m(t)f(line,)g(lea)m(ving)g(the)h(curren)m(t)g(line)e(at)i(the)g
(top)630 3114 y(of)k(the)f(screen.)150 3293 y Fo(redraw-current-line)25
b(\(\))630 3402 y Fu(Refresh)30 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h(line.)39
b(By)30 b(default,)g(this)f(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 3621
y Fk(18.4.2)63 b(Commands)40 b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Manipulating)h(The)f
(History)150 3858 y Fo(accept-line)27 b(\(Newline,)h(Return\))630
3967 y Fu(Accept)j(the)f(line)e(regardless)h(of)h(where)f(the)h(cursor)
f(is.)40 b(If)29 b(this)g(line)f(is)h(non-empt)m(y)-8
b(,)31 b(add)630 4077 y(it)d(to)g(the)g(history)f(list.)39
b(If)27 b(this)g(line)g(w)m(as)h(a)g(history)f(line,)g(then)h(restore)h
(the)f(history)f(line)630 4186 y(to)k(its)f(original)e(state.)150
4365 y Fo(previous-history)e(\(C-p\))630 4475 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
b(`up')e(through)g(the)g(history)g(list.)150 4654 y Fo(next-history)d
(\(C-n\))630 4763 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(`do)m(wn')f(through)f(the)g
(history)f(list.)150 4942 y Fo(beginning-of-history)c(\(M-<\))630
5052 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(\014rst)g(line)e(in)i(the)g
(history)-8 b(.)150 5230 y Fo(end-of-history)26 b(\(M->\))630
5340 y Fu(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(input)d(history)
-8 b(,)30 b(i.e.,)h(the)g(line)d(curren)m(tly)i(b)s(eing)f(en)m(tered.)
p eop
164 165 bop 150 -116 a Fu(164)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fo(reverse-search-history)24 b(\(C-r\))630 408
y Fu(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)f(at)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g
(line)e(and)i(mo)m(ving)g(`up')f(through)h(the)g(his-)630
518 y(tory)g(as)f(necessary)-8 b(.)42 b(This)28 b(is)i(an)g(incremen)m
(tal)g(searc)m(h.)150 695 y Fo(forward-search-history)24
b(\(C-s\))630 804 y Fu(Searc)m(h)30 b(forw)m(ard)f(starting)g(at)h(the)
g(curren)m(t)f(line)f(and)h(mo)m(ving)g(`do)m(wn')g(through)g(the)h
(the)630 914 y(history)f(as)i(necessary)-8 b(.)41 b(This)29
b(is)g(an)i(incremen)m(tal)e(searc)m(h.)150 1090 y Fo
(non-incremental-reverse-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o(ist)o(ory)24
b(\(M-p\))630 1200 y Fu(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)f(at)h
(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)e(and)i(mo)m(ving)g(`up')f(through)h(the)g
(his-)630 1309 y(tory)36 b(as)g(necessary)h(using)d(a)j(non-incremen)m
(tal)e(searc)m(h)h(for)g(a)g(string)f(supplied)e(b)m(y)j(the)630
1419 y(user.)150 1596 y Fo(non-incremental-forward-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o
(ist)o(ory)24 b(\(M-n\))630 1705 y Fu(Searc)m(h)30 b(forw)m(ard)f
(starting)g(at)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)f(and)h(mo)m(ving)g(`do)m(wn')
g(through)g(the)h(the)630 1815 y(history)c(as)g(necessary)i(using)d(a)i
(non-incremen)m(tal)e(searc)m(h)j(for)e(a)h(string)f(supplied)d(b)m(y)k
(the)630 1924 y(user.)150 2101 y Fo(history-search-forward)d(\(\))630
2210 y Fu(Searc)m(h)42 b(forw)m(ard)f(through)f(the)i(history)e(for)h
(the)h(string)e(of)i(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)630
2320 y(start)33 b(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)e(and)h(the)h(curren)m
(t)f(cursor)h(p)s(osition)d(\(the)k Fn(p)s(oin)m(t)r
Fu(\).)47 b(This)31 b(is)h(a)630 2430 y(non-incremen)m(tal)d(searc)m
(h.)42 b(By)30 b(default,)g(this)g(command)g(is)f(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
2606 y Fo(history-search-backward)24 b(\(\))630 2716
y Fu(Searc)m(h)35 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(through)f(the)h(history)f(for)h
(the)f(string)g(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)630
2825 y(start)g(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)e(and)i(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)
54 b(This)33 b(is)i(a)g(non-incremen)m(tal)f(searc)m(h.)56
b(By)630 2935 y(default,)30 b(this)f(command)h(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
3111 y Fo(yank-nth-arg)d(\(M-C-y\))630 3221 y Fu(Insert)e(the)i
(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)h(to)h(the)f(previous)f(command)g(\(usually)f
(the)i(second)g(w)m(ord)g(on)630 3331 y(the)j(previous)e(line\).)39
b(With)28 b(an)h(argumen)m(t)g Fn(n)p Fu(,)g(insert)f(the)h
Fn(n)p Fu(th)f(w)m(ord)g(from)g(the)h(previous)630 3440
y(command)e(\(the)h(w)m(ords)e(in)g(the)i(previous)d(command)i(b)s
(egin)f(with)g(w)m(ord)h(0\).)40 b(A)28 b(negativ)m(e)630
3550 y(argumen)m(t)j(inserts)e(the)i Fn(n)p Fu(th)e(w)m(ord)h(from)g
(the)h(end)e(of)i(the)f(previous)f(command.)150 3726
y Fo(yank-last-arg)e(\(M-.,)i(M-_\))630 3836 y Fu(Insert)34
b(last)h(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(previous)e(command)i(\(the)h(last)e
(w)m(ord)h(of)g(the)g(previous)630 3945 y(history)30
b(en)m(try\).)41 b(With)30 b(an)h(argumen)m(t,)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)g
(exactly)h(lik)m(e)e Fo(yank-nth-arg)p Fu(.)38 b(Succes-)630
4055 y(siv)m(e)c(calls)g(to)h Fo(yank-last-arg)c Fu(mo)m(v)m(e)36
b(bac)m(k)g(through)d(the)i(history)f(list,)g(inserting)f(the)630
4165 y(last)d(argumen)m(t)h(of)g(eac)m(h)g(line)e(in)g(turn.)150
4381 y Fk(18.4.3)63 b(Commands)40 b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Changing)h(T)-10
b(ext)150 4616 y Fo(delete-char)27 b(\(C-d\))630 4725
y Fu(Delete)34 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)j(under)c(the)h(cursor.)47
b(If)32 b(the)h(cursor)f(is)f(at)i(the)g(b)s(eginning)d(of)j(the)630
4835 y(line,)h(there)g(are)h(no)f(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)h(line,)g
(and)g(the)g(last)g(c)m(haracter)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(w)m(as)h(not)630
4944 y(b)s(ound)28 b(to)j Fo(delete-char)p Fu(,)d(then)i(return)f
Fo(EOF)p Fu(.)150 5121 y Fo(backward-delete-char)c(\(Rubout\))630
5230 y Fu(Delete)31 b(the)g(c)m(haracter)g(b)s(ehind)d(the)i(cursor.)40
b(A)30 b(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)i(means)f(to)h(kill)d(the)630
5340 y(c)m(haracters)k(instead)d(of)i(deleting)e(them.)p
eop
165 166 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
b(Line)f(Editing)2015 b(165)150 299 y Fo(forward-backward-delete-)o
(char)24 b(\(\))630 408 y Fu(Delete)39 b(the)g(c)m(haracter)h(under)c
(the)j(cursor,)h(unless)c(the)j(cursor)e(is)g(at)i(the)g(end)e(of)i
(the)630 518 y(line,)31 b(in)f(whic)m(h)g(case)j(the)f(c)m(haracter)h
(b)s(ehind)c(the)j(cursor)f(is)f(deleted.)45 b(By)32
b(default,)f(this)630 628 y(is)e(not)i(b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8
b(.)150 797 y Fo(quoted-insert)27 b(\(C-q,)i(C-v\))630
907 y Fu(Add)k(the)i(next)f(c)m(haracter)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(to)h(the)f
(line)f(v)m(erbatim.)52 b(This)32 b(is)i(ho)m(w)g(to)h(insert)e(k)m(ey)
630 1016 y(sequences)e(lik)m(e)1209 1013 y Fj(h)p 1234
960 112 4 v 1234 1016 a Fi(C-q)p 1234 1032 V 1341 1013
a Fj(i)1371 1016 y Fu(,)f(for)h(example.)150 1186 y Fo(tab-insert)d
(\(M-TAB\))630 1295 y Fu(Insert)i(a)h(tab)f(c)m(haracter.)150
1465 y Fo(self-insert)d(\(a,)j(b,)g(A,)f(1,)h(!,)g(...\))630
1574 y Fu(Insert)g(y)m(ourself.)150 1744 y Fo(transpose-chars)c
(\(C-t\))630 1854 y Fu(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g
(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g
(cursor,)630 1963 y(mo)m(ving)j(the)h(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m
(ell.)55 b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)e(p)s(oin)m(t)g(is)g(at)j(the)e(end)
g(of)h(the)630 2073 y(line,)22 b(then)g(this)f(transp)s(oses)g(the)h
(last)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)36
b(Negativ)m(e)24 b(argumen)m(ts)630 2182 y(don't)30 b(w)m(ork.)150
2352 y Fo(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630 2461 y Fu(Drag)35
b(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)d(the)j(cursor)g(past)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(in)
f(fron)m(t)h(of)g(the)h(cursor)e(mo)m(ving)630 2571 y(the)e(cursor)e(o)
m(v)m(er)j(that)f(w)m(ord)f(as)h(w)m(ell.)150 2740 y
Fo(upcase-word)c(\(M-u\))630 2850 y Fu(Upp)s(ercase)32
b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(follo)m(wing\))f(w)m(ord.)45
b(With)31 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t,)f(upp)s(er-)630
2960 y(case)e(the)g(previous)e(w)m(ord,)h(but)g(do)g(not)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h
(the)e(cursor.)150 3129 y Fo(downcase-word)d(\(M-l\))630
3239 y Fu(Lo)m(w)m(ercase)c(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)h(follo)m(wing\))f
(w)m(ord.)37 b(With)21 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t,)h(lo)m(w)m
(ercase)630 3348 y(the)31 b(previous)d(w)m(ord,)j(but)e(do)i(not)f(mo)m
(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 3518 y Fo(capitalize-word)26
b(\(M-c\))630 3627 y Fu(Capitalize)20 b(the)i(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g
(follo)m(wing\))f(w)m(ord.)38 b(With)20 b(a)i(negativ)m(e)g(argumen)m
(t,)i(capitalize)630 3737 y(the)31 b(previous)d(w)m(ord,)j(but)e(do)i
(not)f(mo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 3946 y Fk(18.4.4)63
b(Killing)42 b(And)f(Y)-10 b(anking)150 4174 y Fo(kill-line)28
b(\(C-k\))630 4284 y Fu(Kill)g(the)i(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g
(cursor)g(p)s(osition)f(to)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150
4453 y Fo(backward-kill-line)25 b(\(C-x)30 b(Rubout\))630
4563 y Fu(Kill)e(bac)m(kw)m(ard)j(to)g(the)f(b)s(eginning)e(of)i(the)h
(line.)150 4732 y Fo(unix-line-discard)26 b(\(C-u\))630
4842 y Fu(Kill)j(bac)m(kw)m(ard)k(from)e(the)h(cursor)f(to)i(the)f(b)s
(eginning)d(of)j(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line.)43 b(The)31
b(killed)630 4951 y(text)g(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)150
5121 y Fo(kill-whole-line)c(\(\))630 5230 y Fu(Kill)20
b(all)i(c)m(haracters)i(on)f(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line,)h(no)g(matter)h
(where)e(the)h(cursor)f(is.)37 b(By)23 b(default,)630
5340 y(this)29 b(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)p eop
166 167 bop 150 -116 a Fu(166)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fo(kill-word)f(\(M-d\))630 408 y Fu(Kill)d(from)j(the)g(cursor)f
(to)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)g(or)g(if)f(b)s(et)m
(w)m(een)i(w)m(ords,)f(to)h(the)630 518 y(end)h(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m
(ord.)41 b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)j(the)g(same)f(as)h
Fo(forward-word)p Fu(.)150 702 y Fo(backward-kill-word)25
b(\(M-DEL\))630 811 y Fu(Kill)j(the)j(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)d(the)j
(cursor.)42 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)i(the)g(same)g(as)g
Fo(backward-)630 921 y(word)p Fu(.)150 1104 y Fo(unix-word-rubout)26
b(\(C-w\))630 1214 y Fu(Kill)32 b(the)k(w)m(ord)e(b)s(ehind)f(the)i
(cursor,)h(using)d(white)h(space)i(as)f(a)h(w)m(ord)e(b)s(oundary)-8
b(.)53 b(The)630 1324 y(killed)28 b(text)j(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(on)f(the)
h(kill-ring.)150 1507 y Fo(delete-horizontal-space)24
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1800 y Fo(kill-region)e(\(\))630 1910 y Fu(Kill)c(the)j(text)g(b)s(et)m
(w)m(een)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)e(and)h(the)h Fr(mark)36
b Fu(\(sa)m(v)m(ed)27 b(cursor)e(p)s(osition\).)37 b(This)24
b(text)630 2020 y(is)29 b(referred)h(to)h(as)g(the)f
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(ound.)150 2203 y Fo(copy-region-as-kill)c(\(\))630 2313
y Fu(Cop)m(y)34 b(the)g(text)h(in)e(the)h(region)f(to)i(the)f(kill)e
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(a)m(y)-8 b(.)630 2422 y(By)31 b(default,)e(this)h(command)g(is)f(un)m
(b)s(ound.)150 2606 y Fo(copy-backward-word)c(\(\))630
2716 y Fu(Cop)m(y)38 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)j
(the)e(kill)e(bu\013er.)64 b(The)38 b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(oundaries)e(are)j
(the)630 2825 y(same)31 b(as)f Fo(backward-word)p Fu(.)38
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3009 y Fo(copy-forward-word)c(\(\))630 3118 y Fu(Cop)m(y)31
b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(follo)m(wing)e(p)s(oin)m(t)h(to)i(the)f(kill)e
(bu\013er.)42 b(The)30 b(w)m(ord)h(b)s(oundaries)d(are)k(the)630
3228 y(same)f(as)f Fo(forward-word)p Fu(.)38 b(By)30
b(default,)g(this)g(command)g(is)f(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
3412 y Fo(yank)g(\(C-y\))630 3521 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ank)31
b(the)f(top)h(of)g(the)f(kill)e(ring)h(in)m(to)i(the)f(bu\013er)g(at)h
(the)f(curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s(osition.)150 3705 y
Fo(yank-pop)e(\(M-y\))630 3814 y Fu(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)e(and)
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b(Numeric)f(Argumen)m(ts)150 4389 y Fo(digit-argument)26
b(\(M-0,)j(M-1,)h(...)f(M--\))630 4499 y Fu(Add)d(this)g(digit)f(to)j
(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(already)g(accum)m(ulating,)g(or)g(start)h(a)f(new)
f(argumen)m(t.)630 4605 y Fj(h)p 654 4552 100 4 v 654
4608 a Fi(M{)p 654 4624 V 750 4605 a Fj(i)810 4608 y
Fu(starts)31 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)g(argumen)m(t.)150 4792
y Fo(universal-argument)25 b(\(\))630 4902 y Fu(This)f(is)g(another)i
(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)d(an)h(argumen)m(t.)40 b(If)25
b(this)f(command)i(is)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)h(one)630
5011 y(or)k(more)f(digits,)g(optionally)f(with)g(a)i(leading)f(min)m
(us)f(sign,)h(those)h(digits)e(de\014ne)h(the)h(ar-)630
5121 y(gumen)m(t.)41 b(If)28 b(the)i(command)f(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)
m(y)h(digits,)g(executing)g Fo(universal-argument)630
5230 y Fu(again)j(ends)f(the)h(n)m(umeric)e(argumen)m(t,)j(but)e(is)g
(otherwise)g(ignored.)44 b(As)32 b(a)g(sp)s(ecial)f(case,)630
5340 y(if)h(this)g(command)g(is)g(immediately)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)
f(a)h(c)m(haracter)i(that)e(is)f(neither)g(a)h(digit)p
eop
167 168 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
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(\014rst)e(time)630 518 y(mak)m(es)d(the)e(argumen)m(t)i(coun)m(t)f
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(is)g(not)i(b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150 855
y Fk(18.4.6)63 b(Letting)41 b(Readline)f(T)m(yp)s(e)i(F)-10
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1210 y Fu(A)m(ttempt)37 b(to)f(do)f(completion)g(on)g(the)g(text)i(b)s
(efore)e(the)g(cursor.)55 b(This)34 b(is)g(application-)630
1320 y(sp)s(eci\014c.)39 b(Generally)-8 b(,)30 b(if)e(y)m(ou)i(are)f(t)
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(\014lename)630 1429 y(completion;)g(if)g(y)m(ou)h(are)g(t)m(yping)f(a)
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1539 y(y)m(ou)37 b(are)g(t)m(yping)e(in)h(a)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)g(to)h(GDB,)
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1649 y(y)m(ou)27 b(are)f(t)m(yping)g(in)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)25
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y Fo(possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 2054 y Fu(List)30
b(the)g(p)s(ossible)e(completions)i(of)g(the)h(text)g(b)s(efore)f(the)h
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2350 y Fu(Insert)30 b(all)f(completions)h(of)h(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)f
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2460 y(b)m(y)g Fo(possible-completions)p Fu(.)150 2646
y Fo(menu-complete)d(\(\))630 2756 y Fu(Similar)21 b(to)j
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b(the)h(list)f(of)h(p)s(ossible)d(completions.)62 b(Rep)s(eated)39
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(text)j(is)630 3194 y(restored.)53 b(An)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(of)f
Fn(n)g Fu(mo)m(v)m(es)i Fn(n)e Fu(p)s(ositions)f(forw)m(ard)h(in)f(the)
i(list)e(of)i(matc)m(hes;)630 3304 y(a)40 b(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t)g
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(y)i(default.)150 3600 y Fo(delete-char-or-list)25 b(\(\))630
3709 y Fu(Deletes)j(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(under)e(the)h(cursor)f(if)g
(not)h(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(or)h(end)h(of)g(the)g(line)630
3819 y(\(lik)m(e)i Fo(delete-char)p Fu(\).)37 b(If)29
b(at)h(the)f(end)f(of)i(the)f(line,)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)i(iden)m
(tically)d(to)i Fo(possible-)630 3929 y(completions)p
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4156 y Fk(18.4.7)63 b(Keyb)s(oard)42 b(Macros)150 4401
y Fo(start-kbd-macro)26 b(\(C-x)j(\(\))630 4511 y Fu(Begin)h(sa)m(ving)
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(eyb)s(oard)g(macro.)150 4698 y Fo(end-kbd-macro)d(\(C-x)i(\)\))630
4807 y Fu(Stop)e(sa)m(ving)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(in)m
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(the)630 4917 y(de\014nition.)150 5103 y Fo(call-last-kbd-macro)c
(\(C-x)k(e\))630 5213 y Fu(Re-execute)37 b(the)e(last)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)
g(macro)h(de\014ned,)f(b)m(y)h(making)e(the)h(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)
630 5322 y(macro)d(app)s(ear)f(as)g(if)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(at)h(the)f(k)m
(eyb)s(oard.)p eop
168 169 bop 150 -116 a Fu(168)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fk(18.4.8)63 b(Some)41 b(Miscellaneous)h(Commands)150
530 y Fo(re-read-init-file)26 b(\(C-x)j(C-r\))630 639
y Fu(Read)23 b(in)e(the)h(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)f(inputrc)e
(\014le,)k(and)d(incorp)s(orate)h(an)m(y)h(bindings)c(or)j(v)-5
b(ariable)630 749 y(assignmen)m(ts)30 b(found)f(there.)150
921 y Fo(abort)g(\(C-g\))630 1031 y Fu(Ab)s(ort)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f
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b(ject)26 b(to)i(the)630 1140 y(setting)i(of)h Fo(bell-style)p
Fu(\).)150 1313 y Fo(do-uppercase-version)25 b(\(M-a,)k(M-b,)g(M-)p
Fn(x)p Fo(,)g(...\))630 1423 y Fu(If)e(the)h(meta\014ed)g(c)m(haracter)
h Fn(x)34 b Fu(is)27 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase,)i(run)e(the)g(command)h(that)g
(is)f(b)s(ound)e(to)k(the)630 1532 y(corresp)s(onding)f(upp)s(ercase)i
(c)m(haracter.)150 1705 y Fo(prefix-meta)d(\(ESC\))630
1814 y Fu(Mak)m(e)38 b(the)e(next)h(c)m(haracter)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(b)s(e)
g(meta\014ed.)59 b(This)34 b(is)h(for)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards)g(without)g(a)
630 1924 y(meta)31 b(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)42 b(T)m(yping)29
b(`)p Fo(ESC)h(f)p Fu(')g(is)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)30
b(to)h(t)m(yping)f(`)p Fo(M-f)p Fu('.)150 2096 y Fo(undo)f(\(C-_,)g
(C-x)h(C-u\))630 2206 y Fu(Incremen)m(tal)g(undo,)g(separately)g(remem)
m(b)s(ered)g(for)g(eac)m(h)i(line.)150 2379 y Fo(revert-line)27
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(line.)47 b(This)31 b(is)h(lik)m(e)h(executing)g(the)g
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(to)g(the)f(b)s(eginning.)150 2770 y Fo(tilde-expand)d(\(M-~\))630
2880 y Fu(P)m(erform)j(tilde)f(expansion)h(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)h(w)m
(ord.)150 3053 y Fo(set-mark)d(\(C-@\))630 3162 y Fu(Set)f(the)h(mark)f
(to)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)39 b(If)26 b(a)i(n)m(umeric)e
(argumen)m(t)i(is)e(supplied,)f(the)i(mark)630 3272 y(is)i(set)i(to)g
(that)g(p)s(osition.)150 3444 y Fo(exchange-point-and-mark)24
b(\(C-x)29 b(C-x\))630 3554 y Fu(Sw)m(ap)i(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(with)g
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(set)i(to)f(the)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)630 3663 y(p)s(osition,)d(and)g(the)i
(old)f(cursor)f(p)s(osition)g(is)g(sa)m(v)m(ed)j(as)e(the)h(mark.)150
3836 y Fo(character-search)26 b(\(C-]\))630 3946 y Fu(A)f(c)m(haracter)
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(o)s(ccurrence)g(of)g(that)g(c)m(haracter.)630 4055 y(A)30
b(negativ)m(e)i(coun)m(t)f(searc)m(hes)g(for)f(previous)f(o)s
(ccurrences.)150 4228 y Fo(character-search-backwar)o(d)24
b(\(M-C-]\))630 4337 y Fu(A)45 b(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(read)h(and)f(p)s
(oin)m(t)g(is)g(mo)m(v)m(ed)i(to)f(the)g(previous)e(o)s(ccurrence)i(of)
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(searc)m(hes)h(for)e(subsequen)m(t)f(o)s(ccurrences.)150
4619 y Fo(insert-comment)d(\(M-#\))630 4729 y Fu(The)38
b(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)g(the)h Fo(comment-begin)c Fu(v)-5
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4839 y(curren)m(t)30 b(line,)f(and)h(the)g(line)f(is)h(accepted)h(as)g
(if)e(a)i(newline)d(had)i(b)s(een)g(t)m(yp)s(ed.)150
5011 y Fo(dump-functions)c(\(\))630 5121 y Fu(Prin)m(t)f(all)h(of)g
(the)h(functions)e(and)h(their)f(k)m(ey)i(bindings)c(to)28
b(the)e(Readline)f(output)h(stream.)630 5230 y(If)31
b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(supplied,)e(the)j(output)f(is)g
(formatted)h(in)e(suc)m(h)i(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)630
5340 y(it)e(can)h(b)s(e)e(made)i(part)f(of)g(an)h Fn(inputrc)j
Fu(\014le.)40 b(This)28 b(command)i(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m(y)k
(default.)p eop
169 170 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(18:)41 b(Command)30
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(output)h(stream.)630 518 y(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f
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(y)g(that)630 628 y(it)e(can)h(b)s(e)e(made)i(part)f(of)g(an)h
Fn(inputrc)j Fu(\014le.)40 b(This)28 b(command)i(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound)d
(b)m(y)k(default.)150 812 y Fo(dump-macros)c(\(\))630
922 y Fu(Prin)m(t)33 b(all)f(of)i(the)g(Readline)e(k)m(ey)j(sequences)f
(b)s(ound)e(to)i(macros)g(and)f(the)h(strings)f(they)630
1031 y(ouput.)60 b(If)37 b(a)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e
(supplied,)f(the)j(output)e(is)g(formatted)i(in)e(suc)m(h)h(a)630
1141 y(w)m(a)m(y)31 b(that)g(it)e(can)h(b)s(e)g(made)g(part)f(of)i(an)e
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Fu(editing)f(functions,)i(it)f(do)s(es)h(con)m(tain)150
1810 y(enough)34 b(to)h(allo)m(w)e(simple)f(editing)h(of)h(the)g(line.)
50 b(The)34 b(Readline)e Fo(vi)i Fu(mo)s(de)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)i(as)f
(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(in)150 1919 y(the)f Ft(POSIX)e Fu(1003.2)k(standard.)
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(et)m(w)m(een)g Fo(emacs)f Fu(and)g Fo(vi)h Fu(editing)e(mo)s(des,)i
(use)g(the)g(command)150 2164 y(M-C-j)i(\(toggle-editing-mo)s(de\).)41
b(The)30 b(Readline)f(default)h(is)f Fo(emacs)g Fu(mo)s(de.)275
2298 y(When)g(y)m(ou)i(en)m(ter)f(a)h(line)d(in)h Fo(vi)g
Fu(mo)s(de,)h(y)m(ou)h(are)f(already)g(placed)f(in)g(`insertion')f(mo)s
(de,)i(as)h(if)e(y)m(ou)150 2408 y(had)d(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(an)g(`)p
Fo(i)p Fu('.)39 b(Pressing)1215 2405 y Fj(h)p 1239 2352
139 4 v 1239 2408 a Fi(ESC)p 1239 2423 V 1373 2405 a
Fj(i)1429 2408 y Fu(switc)m(hes)26 b(y)m(ou)h(in)m(to)f(`command')g(mo)
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b(of)f(the)g(line)e(with)g(the)i(standard)f Fo(vi)g Fu(mo)m(v)m(emen)m
(t)j(k)m(eys,)g(mo)m(v)m(e)f(to)f(previous)f(history)f(lines)g(with)150
2627 y(`)p Fo(k)p Fu(')f(and)e(subsequen)m(t)h(lines)f(with)g(`)p
Fo(j)p Fu(',)h(and)g(so)h(forth.)p eop
170 171 bop 150 -116 a Fu(170)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)p
eop
171 172 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(19:)41 b(Using)30
b(History)g(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1877 b(171)150 299 y
Fp(19)80 b(Using)54 b(History)g(In)l(teractiv)l(ely)275
577 y Fu(This)28 b(c)m(hapter)j(describ)s(es)d(ho)m(w)j(to)g(use)f(the)
g(GNU)h(History)f(Library)e(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)31
b(from)f(a)h(user's)150 687 y(standp)s(oin)m(t.)68 b(It)40
b(should)e(b)s(e)h(considered)g(a)h(user's)g(guide.)68
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797 y(History)30 b(Library)f(in)g(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)h(programs,)f(see)i
Fq(h)p Fu(unde\014ned)p Fq(i)d Fu([Programming)g(with)h(GNU)h
(History],)150 906 y(page)g Fq(h)p Fu(unde\014ned)p Fq(i)p
Fu(.)150 1201 y Fs(19.1)68 b(History)46 b(Expansion)275
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1518 y(expansion)21 b(pro)m(vided)f(b)m(y)i Fo(csh)p
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1886 y(it)f(easy)h(to)g(rep)s(eat)g(commands,)f(insert)f(the)i(argumen)
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(called)g(the)150 2474 y Fn(ev)m(en)m(t)p Fu(,)g(and)c(the)i(p)s
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(called)e Fn(w)m(ords)p Fu(.)39 b(V)-8 b(arious)27 b
Fn(mo)s(di\014ers)150 2583 y Fu(are)33 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33
b(to)g(manipulate)f(the)h(selected)g(w)m(ords.)48 b(The)32
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2693 y(fashion)22 b(that)h(Bash)g(do)s(es,)h(so)f(that)h(sev)m(eral)f
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(ord.)150 2802 y(History)36 b(expansions)g(are)h(in)m(tro)s(duced)e(b)m
(y)i(the)g(app)s(earance)g(of)g(the)g(history)e(expansion)h(c)m
(haracter,)150 2912 y(whic)m(h)29 b(is)h(`)p Fo(!)p Fu(')g(b)m(y)g
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3555 y Fo(!)432 b Fu(Start)34 b(a)f(history)g(substitution,)f(except)i
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3664 y(the)e(line,)e(`)p Fo(=)p Fu(')h(or)g(`)p Fo(\()p
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b(to)i(the)e(command)g Fn(n)g Fu(lines)f(bac)m(k.)150
4187 y Fo(!!)384 b Fu(Refer)30 b(to)i(the)e(previous)f(command.)40
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Fu('.)150 4361 y Fo(!)p Fn(string)203 b Fu(Refer)30 b(to)i(the)e(most)h
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Fu(.)150 4536 y Fo(!?)p Fn(string)8 b Fo([?])630 4645
y Fu(Refer)34 b(to)g(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)h(command)e(con)m(taining)g
Fn(string)p Fu(.)49 b(The)33 b(trailing)f(`)p Fo(?)p
Fu(')h(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)630 4755 y(omitted)30 b(if)g(the)g
Fn(string)37 b Fu(is)30 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(immediately)f(b)m(y)h(a)h
(newline.)150 4929 y Fo(^)p Fn(string1)7 b Fo(^)p Fn(string2)g
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b(the)g(last)g(command,)g(replacing)e Fn(string1)39 b
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b(to)i Fo(!!:s/)p Fn(string1)7 b Fo(/)p Fn(string2)g
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172 173 bop 150 -116 a Fu(172)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
299 y Fk(19.1.2)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41 b(Designators)275
491 y Fu(W)-8 b(ord)35 b(designators)f(are)h(used)f(to)h(select)g
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b(sp)s(eci\014cation)d(from)i(the)f(w)m(ord)g(designator.)68
b(It)40 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(omitted)h(if)e(the)i(w)m(ord)f(designator)
150 710 y(b)s(egins)32 b(with)h(a)i(`)p Fo(^)p Fu(',)g(`)p
Fo($)p Fu(',)g(`)p Fo(*)p Fu(',)h(`)p Fo(-)p Fu(',)f(or)f(`)p
Fo(\045)p Fu('.)52 b(W)-8 b(ords)35 b(are)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)f(from)g
(the)i(b)s(eginning)c(of)j(the)g(line,)150 820 y(with)k(the)i(\014rst)f
(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f(denoted)i(b)m(y)g(0)g(\(zero\).)70
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150 929 y(separated)31 b(b)m(y)f(single)f(spaces.)150
1088 y Fo(0)h(\(zero\))114 b Fu(The)30 b Fo(0)p Fu(th)g(w)m(ord.)40
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(w)m(ord.)150 1247 y Fn(n)429 b Fu(The)30 b Fn(n)p Fu(th)g(w)m(ord.)150
1405 y Fo(^)432 b Fu(The)30 b(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t;)j(that)f(is,)e(w)m
(ord)h(1.)150 1564 y Fo($)432 b Fu(The)30 b(last)g(argumen)m(t.)150
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b(searc)m(h.)150 1881 y Fn(x)p Fo(-)p Fn(y)336 b Fu(A)30
b(range)h(of)g(w)m(ords;)f(`)p Fo(-)p Fn(y)8 b Fu(')30
b(abbreviates)g(`)p Fo(0-)p Fn(y)8 b Fu('.)150 2040 y
Fo(*)432 b Fu(All)26 b(of)i(the)g(w)m(ords,)g(except)h(the)e
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2149 y(to)j(use)g(`)p Fo(*)p Fu(')f(if)g(there)h(is)f(just)g(one)h(w)m
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(returned)f(in)630 2259 y(that)j(case.)150 2417 y Fn(x)6
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(eci\014cation,)f(the)g(previous)e(command)150 2844 y(is)d(used)h(as)h
(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)150 3067 y Fk(19.1.3)63 b(Mo)s(di\014ers)275
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3845 y Fo(r)432 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)d(su\016x)i(of)g
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b(the)i(new)f(command)g(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)i(it.)150
4321 y Fo(s/)p Fn(old)t Fo(/)p Fn(new)8 b Fo(/)630 4430
y Fu(Substitute)31 b Fn(new)40 b Fu(for)32 b(the)h(\014rst)f(o)s
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b(An)m(y)32 b(delimiter)630 4540 y(ma)m(y)25 b(b)s(e)g(used)f(in)f
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b(a)630 4649 y(single)j(bac)m(kslash.)39 b(If)28 b(`)p
Fo(&)p Fu(')g(app)s(ears)g(in)e Fn(new)p Fu(,)j(it)e(is)h(replaced)f(b)
m(y)h Fn(old)p Fu(.)39 b(A)28 b(single)f(bac)m(kslash)630
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173 174 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(F)-8
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y Fp(App)t(endix)53 b(A)81 b(F)-13 b(ormatting)53 b(Do)t(cumen)l
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629 y(with)30 b(P)m(ostScript)i(or)f(Ghostscript,)h(in)f(the)g(`)p
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848 y(immediately)29 b(with)g(`)p Fo(refcard.ps)p Fu('.)275
980 y(The)38 b(release)h(also)g(includes)e(the)i(source)g(for)g(the)g
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1089 y(T)201 1109 y(E)251 1089 y(X,)31 b(b)m(y)f(t)m(yping:)390
1215 y Fo(make)47 b(refcard.dvi)275 1347 y Fu(The)40
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Fu(output)g(program.)275 1698 y(All)22 b(the)j(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f
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2136 y(and)30 b(T)378 2156 y(E)428 2136 y(X)g(\(or)h
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b(.)49 b(The)33 b(main)g(Info)g(\014le)g(is)g(`)p Fo
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2487 y(to)27 b(sub)s(ordinate)d(\014les)i(matc)m(hing)g(`)p
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Fo(info)150 2706 y Fu(subsystem)h(in)f Ft(gnu)i Fu(Emacs)g(or)g(the)g
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y Fo(cd)47 b(gdb)390 3528 y(make)g(gdb.info)275 3660
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3680 y(E)2901 3660 y(X,)i(a)f(program)g(to)h(prin)m(t)150
3770 y(its)k Ft(d)n(vi)g Fu(output)g(\014les,)g(and)f(`)p
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(extension)f(or)h(a)f(`)p Fo(.dvi)p Fu(')g(extension.)275
4471 y(T)326 4491 y(E)376 4471 y(X)h(also)g(requires)f(a)h(macro)h
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5241 1200 4 v 192 5307 a Fh(1)275 5340 y Fu(In)f(`)p
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2111 y Fo(gdb-19990707/include)630 2220 y Ft(gnu)g Fu(include)e
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299 y(Running)17 b(`)p Fo(configure)28 b Fn(host)r Fu(')21
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Fu(on)i(it)e(explicitly:)390 893 y Fo(sh)47 b(configure)e
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1726 y(to)e(it.)275 1868 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(example,)g(with)e(v)m(ersion)
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2115 y Fo(cd)47 b(gdb-19990707/bfd)390 2219 y(../configure)d
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2464 y(sure)g(that)i(the)f(shell)e(on)i(y)m(our)g(path)f(\(named)h(b)m
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(readable.)150 2961 y Fs(B.1)67 b(Compiling)47 b(GDB)d(in)h(another)g
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(y)m(ou)h(need)e(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)150 3271 y Fo(gdb)j
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b(.)39 b(If)27 b(y)m(our)g Fo(make)f Fu(program)h(handles)f(the)h(`)p
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3600 y(running)i Fo(make)h Fu(in)g(eac)m(h)i(of)g(these)g(directories)e
(builds)e(the)k Fo(gdb)e Fu(program)i(sp)s(eci\014ed)d(there.)275
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(directory)-8 b(.)40 b(If)28 b(the)g(path)g(to)h Fo(configure)d
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4071 y(to)j(`)p Fo(--srcdir)p Fu(',)e(y)m(ou)i(can)f(lea)m(v)m(e)i(out)
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(directory)-8 b(,)42 b(it)d(creates)j(a)150 5121 y(tree)30
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5230 y(the)38 b(source)g(directory)-8 b(.)63 b(In)37
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Fo(gdb-sun4/gdb)p Fu('.)p eop
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b(177)275 299 y(One)40 b(p)s(opular)e(reason)j(to)g(build)c(sev)m(eral)
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408 y(con\014gure)28 b(GDB)i(for)e(cross-compiling)f(\(where)h(GDB)i
(runs)d(on)h(one)h(mac)m(hine|the)f Fn(host)p Fu(|while)f(de-)150
518 y(bugging)22 b(programs)h(that)h(run)e(on)i(another)f(mac)m
(hine|the)h Fn(target)r Fu(\).)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)24 b(sp)s(ecify)e(a)h
(cross-debugging)150 628 y(target)32 b(b)m(y)e(giving)f(the)i(`)p
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Fo(configure)f Fu(\(or)j(one)f(of)h(its)f(sub)s(di-)150
979 y(rectories\).)275 1111 y(The)j Fo(Makefile)f Fu(that)j
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(separate)j(directories,)e(y)m(ou)h(can)g(run)150 1682
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(they)150 1791 y(will)f(not)i(in)m(terfere)g(with)f(eac)m(h)j(other.)
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2577 y Fn(arc)m(hitecture)p Fo(-)p Fn(v)m(endor)p Fo(-)p
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Fu('.)275 2951 y(The)38 b Fo(configure)e Fu(script)i(accompan)m(ying)h
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(list)150 3061 y(all)f(supp)s(orted)f(host)i(and)f(target)j(names)e(or)
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4029 y(\045)i(sh)h(config.sub)d(sun4)390 4133 y(sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1)
390 4237 y(\045)i(sh)h(config.sub)d(sun3)390 4340 y
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150 5340 y(for)e(building)d(GDB.)k Fo(configure)d Fu(also)j(has)f(sev)m
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299 y Fo(configure)45 b Fu([)p Fo(--help)p Fu(])867 403
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Fu(])867 818 y([)p Fo(--target=)p Fn(target)r Fu(])867
922 y Fn(host)150 1056 y Fu(Y)-8 b(ou)38 b(ma)m(y)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)d
(options)h(with)g(a)h(single)e(`)p Fo(-)p Fu(')i(rather)g(than)f(`)p
Fo(--)p Fu(')h(if)e(y)m(ou)i(prefer;)j(but)c(y)m(ou)h(ma)m(y)150
1166 y(abbreviate)30 b(option)g(names)g(if)g(y)m(ou)g(use)g(`)p
Fo(--)p Fu('.)150 1325 y Fo(--help)192 b Fu(Displa)m(y)30
b(a)g(quic)m(k)g(summary)f(of)i(ho)m(w)f(to)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h
Fo(configure)p Fu(.)150 1484 y Fo(--prefix=)p Fn(dir)630
1594 y Fu(Con\014gure)d(the)i(source)f(to)i(install)c(programs)i(and)g
(\014les)f(under)g(directory)h(`)p Fn(dir)7 b Fu('.)150
1753 y Fo(--exec-prefix=)p Fn(dir)630 1863 y Fu(Con\014gure)29
b(the)i(source)f(to)i(install)c(programs)i(under)f(directory)h(`)p
Fn(dir)7 b Fu('.)150 2003 y Fo(--srcdir=)p Fn(dirname)630
2112 y Fm(W)-8 b(arning:)57 b(using)37 b(this)i(option)g(requires)f
Ft(gnu)g Fo(make)p Fm(,)h(or)g(another)g Fo(make)e Fm(that)i(imple-)630
2222 y(men)m(ts)31 b(the)g Fo(VPATH)d Fm(feature.)630
2332 y Fu(Use)37 b(this)e(option)h(to)i(mak)m(e)f(con\014gurations)f
(in)f(directories)h(separate)h(from)f(the)h(GDB)630 2441
y(source)27 b(directories.)39 b(Among)28 b(other)f(things,)g(y)m(ou)h
(can)f(use)g(this)f(to)i(build)c(\(or)k(main)m(tain\))630
2551 y(sev)m(eral)c(con\014gurations)g(sim)m(ultaneously)-8
b(,)23 b(in)g(separate)i(directories.)37 b Fo(configure)22
b Fu(writes)630 2660 y(con\014guration)j(sp)s(eci\014c)g(\014les)g(in)f
(the)i(curren)m(t)g(directory)-8 b(,)27 b(but)e(arranges)h(for)g(them)g
(to)g(use)630 2770 y(the)35 b(source)h(in)e(the)h(directory)g
Fn(dirname)p Fu(.)53 b Fo(configure)33 b Fu(creates)k(directories)d
(under)g(the)630 2879 y(w)m(orking)c(directory)g(in)f(parallel)f(to)j
(the)g(source)f(directories)g(b)s(elo)m(w)f Fn(dirname)p
Fu(.)150 3039 y Fo(--norecursion)630 3148 y Fu(Con\014gure)g(only)g
(the)h(directory)f(lev)m(el)h(where)f Fo(configure)e
Fu(is)i(executed;)i(do)f(not)g(propa-)630 3258 y(gate)i
(con\014guration)e(to)h(sub)s(directories.)150 3417 y
Fo(--target=)p Fn(target)630 3527 y Fu(Con\014gure)h(GDB)i(for)e
(cross-debugging)h(programs)f(running)e(on)j(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e
Fn(target)p Fu(.)630 3637 y(Without)39 b(this)f(option,)j(GDB)f(is)e
(con\014gured)h(to)g(debug)g(programs)f(that)i(run)e(on)h(the)630
3746 y(same)31 b(mac)m(hine)f(\()p Fn(host)r Fu(\))h(as)g(GDB)g
(itself.)630 3881 y(There)f(is)f(no)i(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)g(w)m(a)m(y)g
(to)h(generate)f(a)g(list)e(of)i(all)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30
b(targets.)150 4040 y Fn(host)i Fo(...)137 b Fu(Con\014gure)29
b(GDB)j(to)f(run)e(on)h(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)d Fn(host)p
Fu(.)630 4175 y(There)i(is)f(no)i(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)
h(generate)f(a)g(list)e(of)i(all)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30
b(hosts.)275 4334 y(There)25 b(are)i(man)m(y)g(other)f(options)g(a)m(v)
-5 b(ailable)26 b(as)g(w)m(ell,)h(but)e(they)i(are)g(generally)e
(needed)h(for)g(sp)s(ecial)150 4444 y(purp)s(oses)j(only)-8
b(.)p eop
179 180 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Index)3241 b(179)150 299 y
Fp(Index)275 658 y Fc(\(Index)24 b(is)i(nonexisten)n(t\))p
eop
180 181 bop 150 -116 a Fu(180)2599 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)1286
1791 y(The)h(b)s(o)s(dy)f(of)i(this)e(man)m(ual)h(is)f(set)i(in)1599
1900 y(cmr10)g(at)g(10.95pt,)1262 2010 y(with)e(headings)g(in)g
Fm(cm)m(b10)j(at)f(10.95pt)1194 2119 y Fu(and)f(examples)g(in)f
Fo(cmtt10)46 b(at)h(10.95pt)p Fu(.)1583 2229 y Fr(cmti10)34
b(at)f(10.95pt)9 b Fu(,)1505 2339 y Fm(cm)m(b10)31 b(at)g(10.95pt)p
Fu(,)i(and)1598 2448 y Fn(cmsl10)d(at)h(10.95pt)1508
2558 y Fu(are)g(used)f(for)g(emphasis.)p eop
-1 182 bop 3725 -116 a Fu(i)150 299 y Fp(T)-13 b(able)54
b(of)g(Con)l(ten)l(ts)150 641 y Fs(Summary)45 b(of)g(GDB)15
b Fb(.)k(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)60 b
Fs(1)449 778 y Fu(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(soft)m(w)m(are)c Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b
Fu(1)449 888 y(Con)m(tributors)29 b(to)i(GDB)11 b Fr(.)16
b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Fu(1)150 1130 y Fs(1)135 b(A)44
b(Sample)i(GDB)e(Session)35 b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)79 b Fs(5)150
1400 y(2)135 b(Getting)46 b(In)e(and)h(Out)g(of)g(GDB)26
b Fb(.)19 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
70 b Fs(9)449 1537 y Fu(2.1)92 b(In)m(v)m(oking)30 b(GDB)d
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Fu(9)748 1646 y(2.1.1)93
b(Cho)s(osing)29 b(\014les)24 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(10)748 1756 y(2.1.2)93
b(Cho)s(osing)29 b(mo)s(des)19 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(11)449 1866 y(2.2)92 b(Quitting)29
b(GDB)d Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Fu(12)449 1975
y(2.3)92 b(Shell)28 b(commands)13 b Fr(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42
b Fu(12)150 2218 y Fs(3)135 b(GDB)44 b(Commands)37 b
Fb(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)81 b Fs(13)449 2355
y Fu(3.1)92 b(Command)29 b(syn)m(tax)f Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56
b Fu(13)449 2464 y(3.2)92 b(Command)29 b(completion)d
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
55 b Fu(13)449 2574 y(3.3)92 b(Getting)31 b(help)19 b
Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(15)150 2816
y Fs(4)135 b(Running)44 b(Programs)i(Under)f(GDB)36 b
Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)82 b
Fs(19)449 2953 y Fu(4.1)92 b(Compiling)27 b(for)j(debugging)15
b Fr(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44
b Fu(19)449 3063 y(4.2)92 b(Starting)30 b(y)m(our)g(program)15
b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
b Fu(19)449 3172 y(4.3)92 b(Y)-8 b(our)30 b(program's)h(argumen)m(ts)19
b Fr(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48
b Fu(20)449 3282 y(4.4)92 b(Y)-8 b(our)30 b(program's)h(en)m(vironmen)m
(t)22 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51
b Fu(21)449 3391 y(4.5)92 b(Y)-8 b(our)30 b(program's)h(w)m(orking)e
(directory)d Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Fu(22)449
3501 y(4.6)92 b(Y)-8 b(our)30 b(program's)h(input)d(and)i(output)11
b Fr(.)j(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Fu(22)449 3611 y(4.7)92
b(Debugging)30 b(an)g(already-running)e(pro)s(cess)23
b Fr(.)14 b(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(23)449 3720 y(4.8)92 b(Killing)27
b(the)j(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cess)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Fu(23)449 3830 y(4.9)92
b(Additional)28 b(pro)s(cess)i(information)19 b Fr(.)14
b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fu(24)449 3939 y(4.10)92
b(Debugging)31 b(programs)f(with)f(m)m(ultiple)f(threads)15
b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
b Fu(24)449 4049 y(4.11)92 b(Debugging)31 b(programs)f(with)f(m)m
(ultiple)f(pro)s(cesses)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)53 b Fu(26)150 4291 y Fs(5)135 b(Stopping)45 b(and)f(Con)l(tin)l
(uing)19 b Fb(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)64 b Fs(27)449 4428 y Fu(5.1)92 b(Breakp)s(oin)m(ts,)30
b(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts,)h(and)f(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts)c
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55
b Fu(27)748 4538 y(5.1.1)93 b(Setting)30 b(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)19
b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fu(28)748
4648 y(5.1.2)93 b(Setting)30 b(w)m(atc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts)13
b Fr(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Fu(31)748
4757 y(5.1.3)93 b(Setting)30 b(catc)m(hp)s(oin)m(ts)25
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(32)748
4867 y(5.1.4)93 b(Deleting)30 b(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)16
b Fr(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fu(33)748
4976 y(5.1.5)93 b(Disabling)28 b(breakp)s(oin)m(ts)17
b Fr(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)46 b Fu(34)748 5086
y(5.1.6)93 b(Break)31 b(conditions)8 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fu(35)748 5196 y(5.1.7)93
b(Breakp)s(oin)m(t)30 b(command)g(lists)15 b Fr(.)e(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44
b Fu(36)748 5305 y(5.1.8)93 b(Breakp)s(oin)m(t)30 b(men)m(us)24
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(37)p eop
-2 183 bop 150 -116 a Fu(ii)2682 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)449
83 y(5.2)92 b(Con)m(tin)m(uing)29 b(and)g(stepping)16
b Fr(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
b Fu(38)449 193 y(5.3)92 b(Signals)23 b Fr(.)13 b(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(40)449 302 y(5.4)92
b(Stopping)29 b(and)h(starting)g(m)m(ulti-thread)f(programs)16
b Fr(.)e(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
b Fu(42)150 545 y Fs(6)135 b(Examining)46 b(the)f(Stac)l(k)20
b Fb(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)65 b Fs(45)449 682 y Fu(6.1)92 b(Stac)m(k)31
b(frames)15 b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Fu(45)449
791 y(6.2)92 b(Bac)m(ktraces)12 b Fr(.)18 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)41 b Fu(46)449 901 y(6.3)92 b(Selecting)30 b(a)h(frame)13
b Fr(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Fu(47)449 1010 y(6.4)92 b(Information)29
b(ab)s(out)h(a)h(frame)18 b Fr(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(48)449 1120 y(6.5)92 b(MIPS/Alpha)29
b(mac)m(hines)h(and)g(the)g(function)f(stac)m(k)22 b
Fr(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)51
b Fu(48)150 1362 y Fs(7)135 b(Examining)46 b(Source)e(Files)35
b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)h(.)f(.)79 b Fs(51)449 1499 y Fu(7.1)92 b(Prin)m(ting)29
b(source)h(lines)13 b Fr(.)h(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fu(51)449 1609 y(7.2)92
b(Searc)m(hing)30 b(source)g(\014les)20 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fu(52)449
1719 y(7.3)92 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28 b(source)i(directories)f
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)58 b Fu(53)449
1828 y(7.4)92 b(Source)30 b(and)g(mac)m(hine)g(co)s(de)25
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(53)150 2071 y Fs(8)135 b(Examining)46 b(Data)28
b Fb(.)21 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)73 b Fs(55)449
2208 y Fu(8.1)92 b(Expressions)15 b Fr(.)e(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)44 b Fu(55)449 2317 y(8.2)92 b(Program)30 b(v)-5 b(ariables)16
b Fr(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fu(56)449 2427 y(8.3)92 b(Arti\014cial)29
b(arra)m(ys)21 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(57)449
2536 y(8.4)92 b(Output)29 b(formats)22 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51
b Fu(58)449 2646 y(8.5)92 b(Examining)28 b(memory)9 b
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fu(59)449 2755 y(8.6)92 b(Automatic)31
b(displa)m(y)12 b Fr(.)h(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Fu(60)449 2865 y(8.7)92
b(Prin)m(t)29 b(settings)21 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50
b Fu(61)449 2975 y(8.8)92 b(V)-8 b(alue)30 b(history)c
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Fu(66)449 3084 y(8.9)92
b(Con)m(v)m(enience)31 b(v)-5 b(ariables)27 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)57
b Fu(67)449 3194 y(8.10)92 b(Registers)23 b Fr(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(68)449 3303 y(8.11)92 b(Floating)31
b(p)s(oin)m(t)e(hardw)m(are)22 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(70)150 3546 y Fs(9)135 b(Using)45
b(GDB)g(with)g(Di\013eren)l(t)i(Languages)27 b Fb(.)20
b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)72 b Fs(71)449 3683 y Fu(9.1)92 b(Switc)m(hing)29
b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(source)f(languages)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57
b Fu(71)748 3792 y(9.1.1)93 b(List)29 b(of)i(\014lename)e(extensions)h
(and)g(languages)15 b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)44
b Fu(71)748 3902 y(9.1.2)93 b(Setting)30 b(the)g(w)m(orking)g(language)
20 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fu(72)748 4012 y(9.1.3)93 b(Ha)m(ving)30
b(GDB)i(infer)c(the)j(source)g(language)25 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(72)449 4121
y(9.2)92 b(Displa)m(ying)29 b(the)h(language)g Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58
b Fu(72)449 4231 y(9.3)92 b(T)m(yp)s(e)30 b(and)g(range)g(c)m(hec)m
(king)8 b Fr(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
38 b Fu(73)748 4340 y(9.3.1)93 b(An)30 b(o)m(v)m(erview)h(of)f(t)m(yp)s
(e)h(c)m(hec)m(king)17 b Fr(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Fu(73)748 4450 y(9.3.2)93
b(An)30 b(o)m(v)m(erview)h(of)f(range)h(c)m(hec)m(king)17
b Fr(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)47 b Fu(74)449 4560 y(9.4)92 b(Supp)s(orted)28 b(languages)h
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
g(.)57 b Fu(75)748 4669 y(9.4.1)93 b(C)29 b(and)h(C)p
Fo(++)18 b Fr(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fu(75)1047 4779 y(9.4.1.1)93 b(C)30
b(and)g(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(op)s(erators)19 b Fr(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fu(76)1047
4888 y(9.4.1.2)93 b(C)30 b(and)g(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(constan)m(ts)19
b Fr(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)49 b Fu(77)1047 4998 y(9.4.1.3)93 b(C)p Fo(++)30
b Fu(expressions)12 b Fr(.)i(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Fu(78)1047
5108 y(9.4.1.4)93 b(C)30 b(and)g(C)p Fo(++)f Fu(defaults)f
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Fu(79)1047 5217 y(9.4.1.5)93 b(C)30 b(and)g(C)p
Fo(++)f Fu(t)m(yp)s(e)i(and)f(range)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)c
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Fu(79)1047 5327 y(9.4.1.6)93
b(GDB)32 b(and)d(C)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56
b Fu(79)p eop
-3 184 bop 3674 -116 a Fu(iii)1047 83 y(9.4.1.7)93 b(GDB)32
b(features)e(for)g(C)p Fo(++)20 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50 b Fu(79)748 193
y(9.4.2)93 b(Mo)s(dula-2)24 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)53 b Fu(80)1047
302 y(9.4.2.1)93 b(Op)s(erators)23 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Fu(80)1047 412 y(9.4.2.2)93 b(Built-in)28
b(functions)h(and)h(pro)s(cedures)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58
b Fu(82)1047 521 y(9.4.2.3)93 b(Constan)m(ts)24 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Fu(83)1047
631 y(9.4.2.4)93 b(Mo)s(dula-2)30 b(defaults)13 b Fr(.)h(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42
b Fu(83)1047 741 y(9.4.2.5)93 b(Deviations)30 b(from)g(standard)g(Mo)s
(dula-2)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Fu(83)1047 850 y(9.4.2.6)93
b(Mo)s(dula-2)30 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(and)f(range)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)8
b Fr(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fu(84)1047
960 y(9.4.2.7)93 b(The)30 b(scop)s(e)g(op)s(erators)h
Fo(::)f Fu(and)f Fo(.)17 b Fr(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46
b Fu(84)1047 1069 y(9.4.2.8)93 b(GDB)32 b(and)d(Mo)s(dula-2)21
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)50 b Fu(84)748 1179 y(9.4.3)93 b(Chill)10
b Fr(.)i(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39 b Fu(85)1047 1289 y(9.4.3.1)93
b(Ho)m(w)31 b(mo)s(des)f(are)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)20 b Fr(.)14
b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50
b Fu(85)1047 1398 y(9.4.3.2)93 b(Lo)s(cations)31 b(and)e(their)h
(accesses)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56
b Fu(87)1047 1508 y(9.4.3.3)93 b(V)-8 b(alues)31 b(and)e(their)h(Op)s
(erations)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57
b Fu(87)1047 1617 y(9.4.3.4)93 b(Chill)27 b(t)m(yp)s(e)k(and)f(range)g
(c)m(hec)m(ks)16 b Fr(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
b Fu(89)1047 1727 y(9.4.3.5)93 b(Chill)27 b(defaults)20
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50 b Fu(90)748 1836
y(9.4.4)93 b(Ob)5 b(jectiv)m(e-C/C)p Fo(++)22 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(90)1047
1946 y(9.4.4.1)93 b(Metho)s(d)31 b(Names)f(in)g(Commands)17
b Fr(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46 b Fu(90)1047
2056 y(9.4.4.2)93 b(Command)30 b(Descriptions)16 b Fr(.)d(.)i(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fu(91)1047
2165 y(9.4.4.3)93 b(Ob)5 b(jectiv)m(e-C/C)p Fo(++)30
b Fu(Expressions)20 b Fr(.)13 b(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49
b Fu(91)748 2275 y(9.4.5)93 b(P)m(ostScript)27 b Fr(.)15
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
58 b Fu(91)150 2517 y Fs(10)135 b(Examining)46 b(the)f(Sym)l(b)t(ol)g
(T)-11 b(able)25 b Fb(.)20 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)70 b Fs(93)150 2787 y(11)135 b(Altering)46 b(Execution)40
b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)85 b Fs(97)449 2924 y Fu(11.1)92
b(Assignmen)m(t)30 b(to)h(v)-5 b(ariables)9 b Fr(.)14
b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)38
b Fu(97)449 3034 y(11.2)92 b(Con)m(tin)m(uing)29 b(at)i(a)g(di\013eren)
m(t)f(address)22 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(98)449
3143 y(11.3)92 b(Giving)29 b(y)m(our)i(program)f(a)h(signal)25
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Fu(98)449
3253 y(11.4)92 b(Returning)29 b(from)h(a)h(function)23
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)53
b Fu(99)449 3362 y(11.5)92 b(Calling)29 b(program)h(functions)d
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58
b Fu(99)449 3472 y(11.6)92 b(P)m(atc)m(hing)31 b(programs)22
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(99)150 3714 y Fs(12)135 b(GDB)44 b(Files)36
b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)79
b Fs(101)449 3851 y Fu(12.1)92 b(Commands)30 b(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e
(\014les)d Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57
b Fu(101)449 3961 y(12.2)92 b(Errors)30 b(reading)f(sym)m(b)s(ol)g
(\014les)13 b Fr(.)h(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43
b Fu(104)p eop
-4 185 bop 150 -116 a Fu(iv)2660 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
83 y Fs(13)135 b(Sp)t(ecifying)45 b(a)g(Debugging)h(T)-11
b(arget)33 b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)77
b Fs(107)449 220 y Fu(13.1)92 b(Activ)m(e)32 b(targets)9
b Fr(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39 b Fu(107)449 330 y(13.2)92
b(Commands)30 b(for)g(managing)g(targets)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(107)449 439 y(13.3)92 b(Cho)s(osing)29 b(target)j(b)m(yte)f(order)
9 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39
b Fu(111)449 549 y(13.4)92 b(Remote)32 b(debugging)26
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)56 b Fu(111)748 658 y(13.4.1)93 b(The)30 b(GDB)h(remote)h(serial)d
(proto)s(col)18 b Fr(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)48 b Fu(112)1047 768 y(13.4.1.1)94 b(What)31 b(the)f(stub)g(can)g
(do)h(for)f(y)m(ou)13 b Fr(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43
b Fu(113)1047 878 y(13.4.1.2)94 b(What)31 b(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f
(for)g(the)h(stub)26 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57
b Fu(113)1047 987 y(13.4.1.3)94 b(Putting)29 b(it)h(all)f(together)17
b Fr(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46
b Fu(115)1047 1097 y(13.4.1.4)94 b(Comm)m(unication)29
b(proto)s(col)f Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58
b Fu(116)1047 1206 y(13.4.1.5)94 b(Using)29 b(the)i Fo(gdbserver)d
Fu(program)d Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Fu(124)1047
1316 y(13.4.1.6)94 b(Using)29 b(the)i Fo(gdbserve.nlm)c
Fu(program)19 b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)49 b Fu(125)748 1425
y(13.4.2)93 b(GDB)31 b(with)f(a)g(remote)i(i960)f(\(Nindy\))21
b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51
b Fu(126)1047 1535 y(13.4.2.1)94 b(Startup)29 b(with)g(Nindy)22
b Fr(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)52 b Fu(126)1047 1645 y(13.4.2.2)94 b(Options)29 b(for)h(Nindy)d
Fr(.)15 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)59 b Fu(126)1047 1754 y(13.4.2.3)94 b(Nindy)28
b(reset)j(command)19 b Fr(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fu(127)748 1864 y(13.4.3)93 b(The)30
b(UDI)h(proto)s(col)f(for)g(AMD29K)9 b Fr(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fu(127)748 1973
y(13.4.4)93 b(The)30 b(EBMON)h(proto)s(col)f(for)g(AMD29K)f
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Fu(127)1047
2083 y(13.4.4.1)94 b(Comm)m(unications)29 b(setup)24
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(127)1047 2193 y(13.4.4.2)94 b(EB29K)31 b(cross-debugging)26
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57
b Fu(129)1047 2302 y(13.4.4.3)94 b(Remote)31 b(log)16
b Fr(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46 b Fu(129)748 2412
y(13.4.5)93 b(GDB)31 b(with)f(a)g(T)-8 b(andem)30 b(ST2000)15
b Fr(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
44 b Fu(129)748 2521 y(13.4.6)93 b(GDB)31 b(and)f(VxW)-8
b(orks)15 b Fr(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fu(130)1047
2631 y(13.4.6.1)94 b(Connecting)29 b(to)i(VxW)-8 b(orks)21
b Fr(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)50
b Fu(130)1047 2741 y(13.4.6.2)94 b(VxW)-8 b(orks)31 b(do)m(wnload)26
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)57 b Fu(131)1047 2850 y(13.4.6.3)94 b(Running)28 b(tasks)21
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(131)748 2960 y(13.4.7)93
b(GDB)31 b(and)f(Sparclet)15 b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
45 b Fu(132)1047 3069 y(13.4.7.1)94 b(Setting)30 b(\014le)f(to)i(debug)
10 b Fr(.)k(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)39 b Fu(132)1047 3179 y(13.4.7.2)94 b(Connecting)29
b(to)i(Sparclet)21 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(132)1047 3289 y(13.4.7.3)94 b(Sparclet)29
b(do)m(wnload)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Fu(133)1047 3398 y(13.4.7.4)94
b(Running)28 b(and)h(debugging)24 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(133)748 3508 y(13.4.8)93
b(GDB)31 b(and)f(Hitac)m(hi)g(micropro)s(cessors)d Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)57 b Fu(133)1047
3617 y(13.4.8.1)94 b(Connecting)29 b(to)i(Hitac)m(hi)g(b)s(oards)20
b Fr(.)13 b(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fu(133)1047
3727 y(13.4.8.2)94 b(Using)29 b(the)i(E7000)h(in-circuit)c(em)m(ulator)
23 b Fr(.)15 b(.)53 b Fu(135)1047 3836 y(13.4.8.3)94
b(Sp)s(ecial)28 b(GDB)j(commands)e(for)h(Hitac)m(hi)g(micros)1253
3946 y Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Fu(135)748 4056 y(13.4.9)93
b(GDB)31 b(and)f(remote)i(MIPS)d(b)s(oards)21 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51
b Fu(136)748 4165 y(13.4.10)93 b(Sim)m(ulated)29 b(CPU)h(target)23
b Fr(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Fu(137)150 4408 y Fs(14)135
b(Con)l(trolling)47 b(GDB)28 b Fb(.)18 b(.)i(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)72
b Fs(139)449 4545 y Fu(14.1)92 b(Prompt)28 b Fr(.)16
b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Fu(139)449 4654
y(14.2)92 b(Command)30 b(editing)18 b Fr(.)c(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(139)449
4764 y(14.3)92 b(Command)30 b(history)17 b Fr(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b
Fu(139)449 4873 y(14.4)92 b(Screen)31 b(size)9 b Fr(.)14
b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fu(141)449 4983 y(14.5)92
b(Num)m(b)s(ers)23 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(141)449 5093 y(14.6)92 b(Optional)29 b(w)m(arnings)g(and)h
(messages)g Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)59 b Fu(142)p eop
-5 186 bop 3702 -116 a Fu(v)150 83 y Fs(15)135 b(Canned)45
b(Sequences)g(of)g(Commands)33 b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)77
b Fs(143)449 220 y Fu(15.1)92 b(User-de\014ned)30 b(commands)10
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40
b Fu(143)449 330 y(15.2)92 b(User-de\014ned)30 b(command)g(ho)s(oks)e
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Fu(144)449 439
y(15.3)92 b(Command)30 b(\014les)14 b Fr(.)g(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44
b Fu(145)449 549 y(15.4)92 b(Commands)30 b(for)g(con)m(trolled)g
(output)23 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Fu(145)150 791
y Fs(16)135 b(Using)46 b(GDB)e(under)g Fa(gnu)h Fs(Emacs)28
b Fb(.)20 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)72
b Fs(147)150 1061 y(17)135 b(Rep)t(orting)46 b(Bugs)e(in)h(GDB)35
b Fb(.)19 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)
79 b Fs(149)449 1198 y Fu(17.1)92 b(Ha)m(v)m(e)33 b(y)m(ou)d(found)f(a)
i(bug?)22 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
52 b Fu(149)449 1308 y(17.2)92 b(Ho)m(w)31 b(to)h(rep)s(ort)d(bugs)g
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
59 b Fu(149)150 1550 y Fs(18)135 b(Command)45 b(Line)g(Editing)33
b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
(.)76 b Fs(153)449 1687 y Fu(18.1)92 b(In)m(tro)s(duction)29
b(to)j(Line)d(Editing)21 b Fr(.)13 b(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51
b Fu(153)449 1797 y(18.2)92 b(Readline)29 b(In)m(teraction)13
b Fr(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42
b Fu(153)748 1906 y(18.2.1)93 b(Readline)29 b(Bare)i(Essen)m(tials)22
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(153)748 2016 y(18.2.2)93 b(Readline)29
b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)k(Commands)11 b Fr(.)i(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Fu(154)748 2125 y(18.2.3)93
b(Readline)29 b(Killing)e(Commands)18 b Fr(.)c(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(154)748
2235 y(18.2.4)93 b(Readline)29 b(Argumen)m(ts)21 b Fr(.)15
b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Fu(155)748 2345 y(18.2.5)93
b(Searc)m(hing)30 b(for)g(Commands)f(in)g(the)i(History)22
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Fu(155)449 2454
y(18.3)92 b(Readline)29 b(Init)h(File)24 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
b Fu(155)748 2564 y(18.3.1)93 b(Readline)29 b(Init)g(File)h(Syn)m(tax)
10 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Fu(156)748 2673 y(18.3.2)93
b(Conditional)28 b(Init)h(Constructs)e Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Fu(160)748
2783 y(18.3.3)93 b(Sample)29 b(Init)g(File)19 b Fr(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fu(160)449 2892 y(18.4)92
b(Bindable)29 b(Readline)g(Commands)10 b Fr(.)k(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
40 b Fu(163)748 3002 y(18.4.1)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8
b(or)31 b(Mo)m(ving)25 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(163)748
3112 y(18.4.2)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Manipulating)e(The)g
(History)16 b Fr(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fu(163)748 3221
y(18.4.3)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Changing)e(T)-8
b(ext)28 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
h(.)56 b Fu(164)748 3331 y(18.4.4)93 b(Killing)27 b(And)i(Y)-8
b(anking)15 b Fr(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Fu(165)748
3440 y(18.4.5)93 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28 b(Numeric)h(Argumen)m(ts)22
b Fr(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52
b Fu(166)748 3550 y(18.4.6)93 b(Letting)30 b(Readline)f(T)m(yp)s(e)h(F)
-8 b(or)31 b(Y)-8 b(ou)17 b Fr(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Fu(167)748 3660 y(18.4.7)93 b(Keyb)s(oard)29
b(Macros)9 b Fr(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39
b Fu(167)748 3769 y(18.4.8)93 b(Some)30 b(Miscellaneous)g(Commands)11
b Fr(.)i(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40
b Fu(168)449 3879 y(18.5)92 b(Readline)29 b(vi)h(Mo)s(de)24
b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)54 b Fu(169)150 4121 y Fs(19)135 b(Using)46 b(History)f(In)l
(teractiv)l(ely)11 b Fb(.)23 b(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)h(.)55 b Fs(171)449 4258 y Fu(19.1)92 b(History)30
b(Expansion)c Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Fu(171)748 4368 y(19.1.1)93 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)31
b(Designators)20 b Fr(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50
b Fu(171)748 4477 y(19.1.2)93 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(Designators)c
Fr(.)15 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Fu(172)748
4587 y(19.1.3)93 b(Mo)s(di\014ers)25 b Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Fu(172)150
4829 y Fs(App)t(endix)44 b(A)134 b(F)-11 b(ormatting)46
b(Do)t(cumen)l(tation)33 b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)76 b Fs(173)p
eop
-6 187 bop 150 -116 a Fu(vi)2660 b(Debugging)31 b(with)e(GDB)150
83 y Fs(App)t(endix)44 b(B)134 b(Installing)46 b(GDB)13
b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
57 b Fs(175)449 220 y Fu(B.1)92 b(Compiling)27 b(GDB)32
b(in)d(another)h(directory)18 b Fr(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Fu(176)449
330 y(B.2)92 b(Sp)s(ecifying)28 b(names)i(for)g(hosts)h(and)e(targets)g
Fr(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)57 b Fu(177)449 439 y(B.3)92 b Fo(configure)28 b Fu(options)14
b Fr(.)g(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)43 b Fu(177)150 682 y Fs(Index)34 b Fb(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)79
b Fs(179)p eop
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if