method.c   [plain text]

/* Handle the hair of processing (but not expanding) inline functions.
   Also manage function and variable name overloading.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)

This file is part of GNU CC.
   
GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* Handle method declarations.  */
#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "cp-tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "tm_p.h"
#include "target.h"

/* Various flags to control the mangling process.  */

enum mangling_flags
{
  /* No flags.  */
  mf_none = 0,
  /* The thing we are presently mangling is part of a template type,
     rather than a fully instantiated type.  Therefore, we may see
     complex expressions where we would normally expect to see a
     simple integer constant.  */
  mf_maybe_uninstantiated = 1,
  /* When mangling a numeric value, use the form `_XX_' (instead of
     just `XX') if the value has more than one digit.  */
  mf_use_underscores_around_value = 2,
};

typedef enum mangling_flags mangling_flags;

static void do_build_assign_ref PARAMS ((tree));
static void do_build_copy_constructor PARAMS ((tree));
static tree synthesize_exception_spec PARAMS ((tree, tree (*) (tree, void *), void *));
static tree locate_dtor PARAMS ((tree, void *));
static tree locate_ctor PARAMS ((tree, void *));
static tree locate_copy PARAMS ((tree, void *));

/* Called once to initialize method.c.  */

void
init_method ()
{
  init_mangle ();
}


/* Set the mangled name (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME) for DECL.  */

void
set_mangled_name_for_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (processing_template_decl)
    /* There's no need to mangle the name of a template function.  */
    return;

  mangle_decl (decl);
}


/* Given a tree_code CODE, and some arguments (at least one),
   attempt to use an overloaded operator on the arguments.

   For unary operators, only the first argument need be checked.
   For binary operators, both arguments may need to be checked.

   Member functions can convert class references to class pointers,
   for one-level deep indirection.  More than that is not supported.
   Operators [](), ()(), and ->() must be member functions.

   We call function call building calls with LOOKUP_COMPLAIN if they
   are our only hope.  This is true when we see a vanilla operator
   applied to something of aggregate type.  If this fails, we are free
   to return `error_mark_node', because we will have reported the
   error.

   Operators NEW and DELETE overload in funny ways: operator new takes
   a single `size' parameter, and operator delete takes a pointer to the
   storage being deleted.  When overloading these operators, success is
   assumed.  If there is a failure, report an error message and return
   `error_mark_node'.  */

/* NOSTRICT */
tree
build_opfncall (code, flags, xarg1, xarg2, arg3)
     enum tree_code code;
     int flags;
     tree xarg1, xarg2, arg3;
{
  return build_new_op (code, flags, xarg1, xarg2, arg3);
}

/* This function takes an identifier, ID, and attempts to figure out what
   it means. There are a number of possible scenarios, presented in increasing
   order of hair:

   1) not in a class's scope
   2) in class's scope, member name of the class's method
   3) in class's scope, but not a member name of the class
   4) in class's scope, member name of a class's variable

   NAME is $1 from the bison rule. It is an IDENTIFIER_NODE.
   VALUE is $$ from the bison rule. It is the value returned by lookup_name ($1)

   As a last ditch, try to look up the name as a label and return that
   address.

   Values which are declared as being of REFERENCE_TYPE are
   automatically dereferenced here (as a hack to make the
   compiler faster).  */

tree
hack_identifier (value, name)
     tree value, name;
{
  tree type;

  if (value == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  type = TREE_TYPE (value);
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FIELD_DECL)
    {
      if (current_class_ptr == NULL_TREE)
	{
	  if (current_function_decl 
	      && DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl))
	    error ("invalid use of member `%D' in static member function",
		      value);
	  else
	    /* We can get here when processing a bad default
	       argument, like:
	         struct S { int a; void f(int i = a); }  */
	    error ("invalid use of member `%D'", value);

	  return error_mark_node;
	}
      TREE_USED (current_class_ptr) = 1;
      if (processing_template_decl)
	value = build_min_nt (COMPONENT_REF, current_class_ref, name);
      else
	{
	  tree access_type = current_class_type;
	  
	  while (!DERIVED_FROM_P (context_for_name_lookup (value), 
				  access_type))
	    {
	      access_type = TYPE_CONTEXT (access_type);
	      while (DECL_P (access_type))
		access_type = DECL_CONTEXT (access_type);
	    }

	  enforce_access (access_type, value);
	  value 
	    = build_class_member_access_expr (current_class_ref, value,
					      /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
					      /*preserve_reference=*/false);
	}
    }
  else if ((TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL
	    && DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (value))
	   || (TREE_CODE (value) == OVERLOAD
	       && DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (OVL_CURRENT (value))))
    {
      tree decl;

      if (TREE_CODE (value) == OVERLOAD)
	value = OVL_CURRENT (value);

      decl = maybe_dummy_object (DECL_CONTEXT (value), 0);
      value = finish_class_member_access_expr (decl, name);
    }
  else if (really_overloaded_fn (value))
    ;
  else if (TREE_CODE (value) == OVERLOAD)
    /* not really overloaded function */
    mark_used (OVL_FUNCTION (value));
  else if (TREE_CODE (value) == TREE_LIST)
    {
      /* Ambiguous reference to base members, possibly other cases?.  */
      tree t = value;
      while (t && TREE_CODE (t) == TREE_LIST)
	{
	  mark_used (TREE_VALUE (t));
	  t = TREE_CHAIN (t);
	}
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (value) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      error ("use of namespace `%D' as expression", value);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  else if (DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (value))
    {
      error ("use of class template `%T' as expression", value);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  else
    mark_used (value);

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (value) == PARM_DECL
      || TREE_CODE (value) == RESULT_DECL)
    {
      tree context = decl_function_context (value);
      if (context != NULL_TREE && context != current_function_decl
	  && ! TREE_STATIC (value))
	{
	  error ("use of %s from containing function",
		      (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL
		       ? "`auto' variable" : "parameter"));
	  cp_error_at ("  `%#D' declared here", value);
	  value = error_mark_node;
	}
    }

  if (DECL_P (value) && DECL_NONLOCAL (value))
    {
      if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (value)
	  && DECL_CONTEXT (value) != current_class_type)
	{
	  tree path;
	  path = currently_open_derived_class (DECL_CONTEXT (value));
	  enforce_access (path, value);
	}
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (value) == TREE_LIST 
	   && TREE_TYPE (value) == error_mark_node)
    {
      error ("\
request for member `%D' is ambiguous in multiple inheritance lattice",
		name);
      print_candidates (value);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (! processing_template_decl)
    value = convert_from_reference (value);
  return value;
}


/* Return a thunk to FUNCTION.  For a virtual thunk, DELTA is the
   offset to this used to locate the vptr, and VCALL_INDEX is used to
   look up the eventual subobject location.  For a non-virtual thunk,
   DELTA is the offset to this and VCALL_INDEX is NULL.  */

tree
make_thunk (function, delta, vcall_index)
     tree function;
     tree delta;
     tree vcall_index;
{
  tree thunk_id;
  tree thunk;
  tree vcall_offset;
  HOST_WIDE_INT d;

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (function) == FUNCTION_DECL, 20021025);

  /* Scale the VCALL_INDEX to be in terms of bytes.  */
  if (vcall_index)
    vcall_offset 
      = size_binop (MULT_EXPR,
		    vcall_index,
		    convert (ssizetype,
			     TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (vtable_entry_type)));
  else
    vcall_offset = NULL_TREE;

  d = tree_low_cst (delta, 0);

  /* See if we already have the thunk in question.  */
  for (thunk = DECL_THUNKS (function); thunk; thunk = TREE_CHAIN (thunk))
    if (THUNK_DELTA (thunk) == d
	&& ((THUNK_VCALL_OFFSET (thunk) != NULL_TREE)
	    == (vcall_offset != NULL_TREE))
	&& (THUNK_VCALL_OFFSET (thunk)
	    ? tree_int_cst_equal (THUNK_VCALL_OFFSET (thunk), 
				  vcall_offset)
	    : true))
      return thunk;

  /* All thunks must be created before FUNCTION is actually emitted;
     the ABI requires that all thunks be emitted together with the
     function to which they transfer control.  */
  my_friendly_assert (!TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (function), 20021025);

  thunk_id = mangle_thunk (function, delta, vcall_offset);
  thunk = build_decl (FUNCTION_DECL, thunk_id, TREE_TYPE (function));
  DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (thunk) = DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (function);
  cxx_dup_lang_specific_decl (function);
  SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (thunk, thunk_id);
  DECL_CONTEXT (thunk) = DECL_CONTEXT (function);
  TREE_READONLY (thunk) = TREE_READONLY (function);
  TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (thunk) = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (function);
  TREE_PUBLIC (thunk) = TREE_PUBLIC (function);
  if (flag_weak)
    comdat_linkage (thunk);
  SET_DECL_THUNK_P (thunk);
  DECL_INITIAL (thunk) = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, vfunc_ptr_type_node, function);
  THUNK_DELTA (thunk) = d;
  THUNK_VCALL_OFFSET (thunk) = vcall_offset;
  /* The thunk itself is not a constructor or destructor, even if
     the thing it is thunking to is.  */
  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (thunk) = 1;
  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (thunk) = 1;
  DECL_SAVED_FUNCTION_DATA (thunk) = NULL;
  DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (thunk) = 0;
  DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (thunk) = 0;
  /* And neither is it a clone.  */
  DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION (thunk) = NULL_TREE;
  DECL_EXTERNAL (thunk) = 1;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (thunk) = 1;
  /* Even if this thunk is a member of a local class, we don't
     need a static chain.  */
  DECL_NO_STATIC_CHAIN (thunk) = 1;
  /* The THUNK is not a pending inline, even if the FUNCTION is.  */
  DECL_PENDING_INLINE_P (thunk) = 0;
  DECL_INLINE (thunk) = 0;
  DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (thunk) = 0;
  /* Nor has it been deferred.  */
  DECL_DEFERRED_FN (thunk) = 0;
  /* Add it to the list of thunks associated with FUNCTION.  */
  TREE_CHAIN (thunk) = DECL_THUNKS (function);
  DECL_THUNKS (function) = thunk;

  return thunk;
}

/* Emit the definition of a C++ multiple inheritance vtable thunk.  If
   EMIT_P is nonzero, the thunk is emitted immediately.  */

void
use_thunk (thunk_fndecl, emit_p)
     tree thunk_fndecl;
     int emit_p;
{
  tree fnaddr;
  tree function;
  tree vcall_offset;
  HOST_WIDE_INT delta, vcall_value;

  if (TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (thunk_fndecl))
    return;
  
  fnaddr = DECL_INITIAL (thunk_fndecl);
  if (TREE_CODE (DECL_INITIAL (thunk_fndecl)) != ADDR_EXPR)
    /* We already turned this thunk into an ordinary function.
       There's no need to process this thunk again.  */
    return;

  /* Thunks are always addressable; they only appear in vtables.  */
  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (thunk_fndecl) = 1;

  /* Figure out what function is being thunked to.  It's referenced in
     this translation unit.  */
  function = TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0);
  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (function) = 1;
  mark_used (function);
  TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function)) = 1;
  if (!emit_p)
    return;

  delta = THUNK_DELTA (thunk_fndecl);
  vcall_offset = THUNK_VCALL_OFFSET (thunk_fndecl);

  if (vcall_offset)
    {
      vcall_value = tree_low_cst (vcall_offset, /*pos=*/0);

      /* It is expected that a value of zero means no vcall.  */
      if (!vcall_value)
	abort ();
    }
  else
    vcall_value = 0;

  /* And, if we need to emit the thunk, it's used.  */
  mark_used (thunk_fndecl);
  /* This thunk is actually defined.  */
  DECL_EXTERNAL (thunk_fndecl) = 0;
  /* The linkage of the function may have changed.  FIXME in linkage
     rewrite.  */
  TREE_PUBLIC (thunk_fndecl) = TREE_PUBLIC (function);

  if (flag_syntax_only)
    {
      TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (thunk_fndecl) = 1;
      return;
    }

  /* APPLE LOCAL begin coalescing */
  /* coalesce thunks */
#if defined(DECL_PRIVATE_EXTERN) && defined(COALESCE_STATIC_THUNK)
  DECL_PRIVATE_EXTERN (thunk_fndecl) = DECL_PRIVATE_EXTERN (function);

  if (DECL_PRIVATE_EXTERN (function) || !TREE_PUBLIC (function) || DECL_INLINE (function))
    COALESCE_STATIC_THUNK (thunk_fndecl, /* public*/ 0);
#endif /* DECL_PRIVATE_EXTERN && COALESCE_STATIC_THUNK */
  /* APPLE LOCAL end coalescing */

  push_to_top_level ();

  /* The back-end expects DECL_INITIAL to contain a BLOCK, so we
     create one.  */
  DECL_INITIAL (thunk_fndecl) = make_node (BLOCK);
  BLOCK_VARS (DECL_INITIAL (thunk_fndecl)) 
    = DECL_ARGUMENTS (thunk_fndecl);

  if (targetm.asm_out.can_output_mi_thunk (thunk_fndecl, delta,
					   vcall_value, function))
    {
      const char *fnname;
      current_function_decl = thunk_fndecl;
      DECL_RESULT (thunk_fndecl)
	= build_decl (RESULT_DECL, 0, integer_type_node);
      fnname = XSTR (XEXP (DECL_RTL (thunk_fndecl), 0), 0);
      init_function_start (thunk_fndecl, input_filename, lineno);
      current_function_is_thunk = 1;
      assemble_start_function (thunk_fndecl, fnname);

      targetm.asm_out.output_mi_thunk (asm_out_file, thunk_fndecl, delta,
				       vcall_value, function);

      assemble_end_function (thunk_fndecl, fnname);
      current_function_decl = 0;
      cfun = 0;
      TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (thunk_fndecl) = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      /* If we don't have the necessary code for efficient thunks,
	 generate a thunk function that just makes a call to the real
	 function.  Unfortunately, this doesn't work for varargs.  */

      tree a, t;

      if (varargs_function_p (function))
	error ("generic thunk code fails for method `%#D' which uses `...'",
	       function);

      /* Set up clone argument trees for the thunk.  */
      t = NULL_TREE;
      for (a = DECL_ARGUMENTS (function); a; a = TREE_CHAIN (a))
	{
	  tree x = copy_node (a);
	  TREE_CHAIN (x) = t;
	  DECL_CONTEXT (x) = thunk_fndecl;
	  t = x;
	}
      a = nreverse (t);
      DECL_ARGUMENTS (thunk_fndecl) = a;
      DECL_RESULT (thunk_fndecl) = NULL_TREE;

      start_function (NULL_TREE, thunk_fndecl, NULL_TREE, SF_PRE_PARSED);
      /* We don't bother with a body block for thunks.  */

      /* Adjust the this pointer by the constant.  */
      t = ssize_int (delta);
      t = fold (build (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (a), a, t));

      /* If there's a vcall offset, look up that value in the vtable and
	 adjust the `this' pointer again.  */
      if (vcall_offset && !integer_zerop (vcall_offset))
	{
	  tree orig_this;

	  t = save_expr (t);
	  orig_this = t;
	  /* The vptr is always at offset zero in the object.  */
	  t = build1 (NOP_EXPR,
		      build_pointer_type (build_pointer_type 
					  (vtable_entry_type)),
		      t);
	  /* Form the vtable address.  */
	  t = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)), t);
	  /* Find the entry with the vcall offset.  */
	  t = build (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (t), t, vcall_offset);
	  /* Calculate the offset itself.  */
	  t = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)), t);
	  /* Adjust the `this' pointer.  */
	  t = fold (build (PLUS_EXPR,
			   TREE_TYPE (orig_this),
			   orig_this,
			   t));
	}

      /* Build up the call to the real function.  */
      t = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, t, NULL_TREE);
      for (a = TREE_CHAIN (a); a; a = TREE_CHAIN (a))
	t = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, a, t);
      t = nreverse (t);
      t = build_call (function, t);
      if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t)))
	finish_expr_stmt (t);
      else
	finish_return_stmt (t);

      /* Since we want to emit the thunk, we explicitly mark its name as
	 referenced.  */
      TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (thunk_fndecl)) = 1;

      /* But we don't want debugging information about it.  */
      DECL_IGNORED_P (thunk_fndecl) = 1;

      expand_body (finish_function (0));
    }

  pop_from_top_level ();
}

/* Code for synthesizing methods which have default semantics defined.  */

/* Generate code for default X(X&) constructor.  */

static void
do_build_copy_constructor (fndecl)
     tree fndecl;
{
  tree parm = FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARM (fndecl);
  tree t;

  parm = convert_from_reference (parm);

  if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_INIT_REF (current_class_type)
      && is_empty_class (current_class_type))
    /* Don't copy the padding byte; it might not have been allocated
       if *this is a base subobject.  */;
  else if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_INIT_REF (current_class_type))
    {
      t = build (INIT_EXPR, void_type_node, current_class_ref, parm);
      finish_expr_stmt (t);
    }
  else
    {
      tree fields = TYPE_FIELDS (current_class_type);
      int n_bases = CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (current_class_type);
      tree binfos = TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPES (current_class_type);
      tree member_init_list = NULL_TREE;
      int cvquals = cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (parm));
      int i;

      /* Initialize all the base-classes with the parameter converted
	 to their type so that we get their copy constructor and not
	 another constructor that takes current_class_type.  We must
	 deal with the binfo's directly as a direct base might be
	 inaccessible due to ambiguity.  */
      for (t = CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (current_class_type); t;
	   t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
	{
	  tree binfo = TREE_VALUE (t);
	  
	  member_init_list 
	    = tree_cons (binfo,
			 build_tree_list (NULL_TREE,
					  build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, parm,
							   binfo, 1)),
			 member_init_list);
	}

      for (i = 0; i < n_bases; ++i)
	{
	  tree binfo = TREE_VEC_ELT (binfos, i);
	  if (TREE_VIA_VIRTUAL (binfo))
	    continue; 

	  member_init_list 
	    = tree_cons (binfo,
			 build_tree_list (NULL_TREE,
					  build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, parm,
							   binfo, 1)),
			 member_init_list);
	}

      for (; fields; fields = TREE_CHAIN (fields))
	{
	  tree init;
	  tree field = fields;
	  tree expr_type;

	  if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL)
	    continue;

	  init = parm;
	  if (DECL_NAME (field))
	    {
	      if (VFIELD_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (field)))
		continue;

	      /* True for duplicate members.  */
	      if (IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (DECL_NAME (field)) != field)
		continue;
	    }
	  else if ((t = TREE_TYPE (field)) != NULL_TREE
		   && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (t)
		   && TYPE_FIELDS (t) != NULL_TREE)
	    /* Just use the field; anonymous types can't have
	       nontrivial copy ctors or assignment ops.  */;
	  else
	    continue;

	  /* Compute the type of "init->field".  If the copy-constructor
	     parameter is, for example, "const S&", and the type of
	     the field is "T", then the type will usually be "const
	     T".  (There are no cv-qualified variants of reference
	     types.)  */
	  expr_type = TREE_TYPE (field);
	  if (TREE_CODE (expr_type) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
	    expr_type = cp_build_qualified_type (expr_type, cvquals);
	  init = build (COMPONENT_REF, expr_type, init, field);
	  init = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, init);

	  member_init_list
	    = tree_cons (field, init, member_init_list);
	}
      finish_mem_initializers (member_init_list);
    }
}

static void
do_build_assign_ref (fndecl)
     tree fndecl;
{
  tree parm = TREE_CHAIN (DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl));
  tree compound_stmt;

  compound_stmt = begin_compound_stmt (/*has_no_scope=*/0);
  parm = convert_from_reference (parm);

  if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN_REF (current_class_type)
      && is_empty_class (current_class_type))
    /* Don't copy the padding byte; it might not have been allocated
       if *this is a base subobject.  */;
  else if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN_REF (current_class_type))
    {
      tree t = build (MODIFY_EXPR, void_type_node, current_class_ref, parm);
      finish_expr_stmt (t);
    }
  else
    {
      tree fields;
      int cvquals = cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (parm));
      int i;

      /* Assign to each of thedirect base classes.  */
      for (i = 0; i < CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (current_class_type); ++i)
	{
	  tree binfo;
	  tree converted_parm;

	  binfo = BINFO_BASETYPE (TYPE_BINFO (current_class_type), i);
	  /* We must convert PARM directly to the base class
	     explicitly since the base class may be ambiguous.  */
	  converted_parm = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, parm, binfo, 1);
	  /* Call the base class assignment operator.  */
	  finish_expr_stmt 
	    (build_special_member_call (current_class_ref, 
					ansi_assopname (NOP_EXPR),
					build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, 
							 converted_parm),
					binfo,
					LOOKUP_NORMAL | LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL));
	}

      /* Assign to each of the non-static data members.  */
      for (fields = TYPE_FIELDS (current_class_type); 
	   fields; 
	   fields = TREE_CHAIN (fields))
	{
	  tree comp, init, t;
	  tree field = fields;

	  if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL || DECL_ARTIFICIAL (field))
	    continue;

	  if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (field)))
	    {
              error ("non-static const member `%#D', can't use default assignment operator", field);
	      continue;
	    }
	  else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
	    {
	      error ("non-static reference member `%#D', can't use default assignment operator", field);
	      continue;
	    }

	  comp = current_class_ref;
	  init = parm;

	  if (DECL_NAME (field))
	    {
	      if (VFIELD_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (field)))
		continue;

	      /* True for duplicate members.  */
	      if (IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (DECL_NAME (field)) != field)
		continue;
	    }
	  else if ((t = TREE_TYPE (field)) != NULL_TREE
		   && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (t)
		   && TYPE_FIELDS (t) != NULL_TREE)
	    /* Just use the field; anonymous types can't have
	       nontrivial copy ctors or assignment ops.  */;
	  else
	    continue;

	  comp = build (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (field), comp, field);
	  init = build (COMPONENT_REF,
	                cp_build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (field), cvquals),
	                init, field);

	  if (DECL_NAME (field))
	    finish_expr_stmt (build_modify_expr (comp, NOP_EXPR, init));
	  else
	    finish_expr_stmt (build (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (comp), comp,
				     init));
	}
    }
  finish_return_stmt (current_class_ref);
  finish_compound_stmt (/*has_no_scope=*/0, compound_stmt);
}

void
synthesize_method (fndecl)
     tree fndecl;
{
  int nested = (current_function_decl != NULL_TREE);
  tree context = decl_function_context (fndecl);
  int need_body = 1;
  tree stmt;

  if (at_eof)
    import_export_decl (fndecl);

  /* If we've been asked to synthesize a clone, just synthesize the
     cloned function instead.  Doing so will automatically fill in the
     body for the clone.  */
  if (DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION_P (fndecl))
    {
      synthesize_method (DECL_CLONED_FUNCTION (fndecl));
      return;
    }

  if (! context)
    push_to_top_level ();
  else if (nested)
    push_function_context_to (context);

  /* Put the function definition at the position where it is needed,
     rather than within the body of the class.  That way, an error
     during the generation of the implicit body points at the place
     where the attempt to generate the function occurs, giving the
     user a hint as to why we are attempting to generate the
     function.  */
  DECL_SOURCE_LINE (fndecl) = lineno;
  DECL_SOURCE_FILE (fndecl) = input_filename;

  interface_unknown = 1;
  start_function (NULL_TREE, fndecl, NULL_TREE, SF_DEFAULT | SF_PRE_PARSED);
  clear_last_expr ();
  stmt = begin_function_body ();

  if (DECL_OVERLOADED_OPERATOR_P (fndecl) == NOP_EXPR)
    {
      do_build_assign_ref (fndecl);
      need_body = 0;
    }
  else if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fndecl))
    {
      tree arg_chain = FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARMTYPE (fndecl);
      if (arg_chain != void_list_node)
	do_build_copy_constructor (fndecl);
      else if (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (current_class_type))
	finish_mem_initializers (NULL_TREE);
    }

  /* If we haven't yet generated the body of the function, just
     generate an empty compound statement.  */
  if (need_body)
    {
      tree compound_stmt;
      compound_stmt = begin_compound_stmt (/*has_no_scope=*/0);
      finish_compound_stmt (/*has_no_scope=*/0, compound_stmt);
    }

  finish_function_body (stmt);
  expand_body (finish_function (0));

  extract_interface_info ();
  if (! context)
    pop_from_top_level ();
  else if (nested)
    pop_function_context_from (context);
}

/* Use EXTRACTOR to locate the relevant function called for each base &
   class field of TYPE. CLIENT allows additional information to be passed
   to EXTRACTOR.  Generates the union of all exceptions generated by those
   functions.  Note that we haven't updated TYPE_FIELDS and such of any
   variants yet, so we need to look at the main one.  */

static tree
synthesize_exception_spec (type, extractor, client)
     tree type;
     tree (*extractor) (tree, void *);
     void *client;
{
  tree raises = empty_except_spec;
  tree fields = TYPE_FIELDS (type);
  int i, n_bases = CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type);
  tree binfos = TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPES (type);

  for (i = 0; i != n_bases; i++)
    {
      tree base = BINFO_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (binfos, i));
      tree fn = (*extractor) (base, client);
      if (fn)
        {
          tree fn_raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn));
          
          raises = merge_exception_specifiers (raises, fn_raises);
        }
    }
  for (; fields; fields = TREE_CHAIN (fields))
    {
      tree type = TREE_TYPE (fields);
      tree fn;
      
      if (TREE_CODE (fields) != FIELD_DECL || DECL_ARTIFICIAL (fields))
        continue;
      while (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
  	type = TREE_TYPE (type);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) != RECORD_TYPE)
        continue;
      
      fn = (*extractor) (type, client);
      if (fn)
        {
          tree fn_raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn));
          
          raises = merge_exception_specifiers (raises, fn_raises);
        }
    }
  return raises;
}

/* Locate the dtor of TYPE.  */

static tree
locate_dtor (type, client)
     tree type;
     void *client ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  tree fns;
  
  if (!TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (type))
    return NULL_TREE;
  fns = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type),
                      CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTOR_SLOT);
  return fns;
}

/* Locate the default ctor of TYPE.  */

static tree
locate_ctor (type, client)
     tree type;
     void *client ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  tree fns;
  
  if (!TYPE_HAS_DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTOR (type))
    return NULL_TREE;
  
  fns = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type),
                      CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT);
  for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
      tree parms = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
      
      if (sufficient_parms_p (TREE_CHAIN (parms)))
        return fn;
    }
  return NULL_TREE;
}

struct copy_data
{
  tree name;
  int quals;
};

/* Locate the copy ctor or copy assignment of TYPE. CLIENT_
   points to a COPY_DATA holding the name (NULL for the ctor)
   and desired qualifiers of the source operand.  */

static tree
locate_copy (type, client_)
     tree type;
     void *client_;
{
  struct copy_data *client = (struct copy_data *)client_;
  tree fns;
  int ix = -1;
  tree best = NULL_TREE;
  int excess_p = 0;
  
  if (client->name)
    {
      if (TYPE_HAS_ASSIGN_REF (type))
        ix = lookup_fnfields_1 (type, client->name);
    }
  else if (TYPE_HAS_INIT_REF (type))
    ix = CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT;
  if (ix < 0)
    return NULL_TREE;
  fns = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type), ix);
  
  for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
      tree parms = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
      tree src_type;
      int excess;
      int quals;
      
      parms = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
      if (!parms)
        continue;
      src_type = TREE_VALUE (parms);
      if (TREE_CODE (src_type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
        src_type = TREE_TYPE (src_type);
      if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (src_type, type))
        continue;
      if (!sufficient_parms_p (TREE_CHAIN (parms)))
        continue;
      quals = cp_type_quals (src_type);
      if (client->quals & ~quals)
        continue;
      excess = quals & ~client->quals;
      if (!best || (excess_p && !excess))
        {
          best = fn;
          excess_p = excess;
        }
      else
        /* Ambiguous */
        return NULL_TREE;
    }
  return best;
}

/* Implicitly declare the special function indicated by KIND, as a
   member of TYPE.  For copy constructors and assignment operators,
   CONST_P indicates whether these functions should take a const
   reference argument or a non-const reference.  */

tree
implicitly_declare_fn (kind, type, const_p)
     special_function_kind kind;
     tree type;
     int const_p;
{
  tree declspecs = NULL_TREE;
  tree fn, args = NULL_TREE;
  tree raises = empty_except_spec;
  int retref = 0;
  int has_parm = 0;
  tree name = constructor_name (TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type));

  switch (kind)
    {
    case sfk_destructor:
      /* Destructor.  */
      name = build_nt (BIT_NOT_EXPR, name);
      args = void_list_node;
      raises = synthesize_exception_spec (type, &locate_dtor, 0);
      break;

    case sfk_constructor:
      /* Default constructor.  */
      args = void_list_node;
      raises = synthesize_exception_spec (type, &locate_ctor, 0);
      break;

    case sfk_copy_constructor:
    case sfk_assignment_operator:
    {
      struct copy_data data;
      tree argtype = type;
      
      has_parm = 1;
      data.name = NULL;
      data.quals = 0;
      if (kind == sfk_assignment_operator)
        {
          retref = 1;
          declspecs = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, type);

          name = ansi_assopname (NOP_EXPR);
          data.name = name;
        }
      if (const_p)
        {
          data.quals = TYPE_QUAL_CONST;
          argtype = build_qualified_type (argtype, TYPE_QUAL_CONST);
        }
    
      argtype = build_reference_type (argtype);
      args = build_tree_list (hash_tree_chain (argtype, NULL_TREE),
			      get_identifier ("_ctor_arg"));
      args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, args, void_list_node);
      
      raises = synthesize_exception_spec (type, &locate_copy, &data);
      break;
    }
    default:
      abort ();
    }

  TREE_PARMLIST (args) = 1;

  {
    tree declarator = make_call_declarator (name, args, NULL_TREE, raises);
    
    if (retref)
      declarator = build_nt (ADDR_EXPR, declarator);

    fn = grokfield (declarator, declspecs, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
    if (has_parm)
      TREE_USED (FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARM (fn)) = 1;
  }

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (fn) == FUNCTION_DECL, 20000408);

  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (fn) = 1;
  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (fn) = 1;
  DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (fn) = 1;
  DECL_INLINE (fn) = 1;
  if (TREE_USED (fn))
    abort ();
  
  return fn;
}

/* Given a FUNCTION_DECL FN and a chain LIST, skip as many elements of LIST
   as there are artificial parms in FN.  */

tree
skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, list)
     tree fn, list;
{
  if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (fn))
    list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
  else
    return list;

  if (DECL_HAS_IN_CHARGE_PARM_P (fn))
    list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
  if (DECL_HAS_VTT_PARM_P (fn))
    list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
  return list;
}