decl2.c   [plain text]

/* Process declarations and variables for C compiler.
   Copyright (C) 1988, 92-98, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Hacked by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)

This file is part of GNU CC.

GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* Process declarations and symbol lookup for C front end.
   Also constructs types; the standard scalar types at initialization,
   and structure, union, array and enum types when they are declared.  */

/* ??? not all decl nodes are given the most useful possible
   line numbers.  For example, the CONST_DECLs for enum values.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "cp-tree.h"
#include "decl.h"
#include "lex.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "except.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "defaults.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "dwarf2out.h"
#include "dwarfout.h"
#include "splay-tree.h"
#include "varray.h"

#if USE_CPPLIB
#include "cpplib.h"
extern cpp_reader  parse_in;
#endif

/* This structure contains information about the initializations
   and/or destructions required for a particular priority level.  */
typedef struct priority_info_s {
  /* A label indicating where we should generate the next
     initialization with this priority.  */
  rtx initialization_sequence;
  /* A label indicating where we should generate the next destruction
     with this priority.  */
  rtx destruction_sequence;
  /* Non-zero if there have been any initializations at this priority
     throughout the translation unit.  */
  int initializations_p;
  /* Non-zero if there have been any destructions at this priority
     throughout the translation unit.  */
  int destructions_p;
} *priority_info;

static tree get_sentry PROTO((tree));
static void mark_vtable_entries PROTO((tree));
static void grok_function_init PROTO((tree, tree));
static int finish_vtable_vardecl PROTO((tree *, void *));
static int prune_vtable_vardecl PROTO((tree *, void *));
static int finish_sigtable_vardecl PROTO((tree *, void *));
static int is_namespace_ancestor PROTO((tree, tree));
static void add_using_namespace PROTO((tree, tree, int));
static tree ambiguous_decl PROTO((tree, tree, tree,int));
static tree build_anon_union_vars PROTO((tree, tree*, int, int));
static int acceptable_java_type PROTO((tree));
static void output_vtable_inherit PROTO((tree));
static void start_objects PROTO((int, int));
static void finish_objects PROTO((int, int));
static tree merge_functions PROTO((tree, tree));
static tree decl_namespace PROTO((tree));
static tree validate_nonmember_using_decl PROTO((tree, tree *, tree *));
static void do_nonmember_using_decl PROTO((tree, tree, tree, tree,
					   tree *, tree *));
static void start_static_storage_duration_function PROTO((void));
static int generate_inits_for_priority PROTO((splay_tree_node, void *));
static void finish_static_storage_duration_function PROTO((void));
static priority_info get_priority_info PROTO((int));
static void do_static_initialization PROTO((tree, tree, tree, int));
static void do_static_destruction PROTO((tree, tree, int));
static void do_static_initialization_and_destruction PROTO((tree, tree));
static void generate_ctor_or_dtor_function PROTO((int, int));
static int generate_ctor_and_dtor_functions_for_priority
                                  PROTO((splay_tree_node, void *));
extern int current_class_depth;

/* A list of virtual function tables we must make sure to write out.  */
tree pending_vtables;

/* A list of static class variables.  This is needed, because a
   static class variable can be declared inside the class without
   an initializer, and then initialized, staticly, outside the class.  */
static varray_type pending_statics;
static size_t pending_statics_used;

/* A list of functions which were declared inline, but which we
   may need to emit outline anyway.  */
static varray_type saved_inlines;
static size_t saved_inlines_used;

/* Used to help generate temporary names which are unique within
   a function.  Reset to 0 by start_function.  */

int temp_name_counter;

/* Same, but not reset.  Local temp variables and global temp variables
   can have the same name.  */
static int global_temp_name_counter;

/* Flag used when debugging spew.c */

extern int spew_debug;

/* Nonzero if we're done parsing and into end-of-file activities.  */

int at_eof;

/* Functions called along with real static constructors and destructors.  */

tree static_ctors, static_dtors;

/* The current open namespace, and ::. */

tree current_namespace;
tree global_namespace;

/* The stack for namespaces of current declarations. */

static tree decl_namespace_list;


/* C (and C++) language-specific option variables.  */

/* Nonzero means allow type mismatches in conditional expressions;
   just make their values `void'.   */

int flag_cond_mismatch;

/* Nonzero means give `double' the same size as `float'.  */

int flag_short_double;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the keyword `asm'.  */

int flag_no_asm;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize any extension keywords.  */

int flag_no_gnu_keywords;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the non-ANSI builtin functions.  */

int flag_no_builtin;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the non-ANSI builtin functions.
   -ansi sets this.  */

int flag_no_nonansi_builtin;

/* Nonzero for -faltivec: Enable the SIMD programming model.  */

int flag_altivec;

/* Nonzero means do some things the same way PCC does.  Only provided so
   the compiler will link.  */

int flag_traditional;

/* Nonzero means to treat bitfields as unsigned unless they say `signed'.  */

int flag_signed_bitfields = 1;

/* Nonzero means enable obscure ANSI features and disable GNU extensions
   that might cause ANSI-compliant code to be miscompiled.  */

int flag_ansi;

/* Nonzero means do emit exported implementations of functions even if
   they can be inlined.  */

int flag_implement_inlines = 1;

/* Nonzero means do emit exported implementations of templates, instead of
   multiple static copies in each file that needs a definition.  */

int flag_external_templates;

/* Nonzero means that the decision to emit or not emit the implementation of a
   template depends on where the template is instantiated, rather than where
   it is defined.  */

int flag_alt_external_templates;

/* Nonzero means that implicit instantiations will be emitted if needed.  */

int flag_implicit_templates = 1;

/* Nonzero means that implicit instantiations of inline templates will be
   emitted if needed, even if instantiations of non-inline templates
   aren't.  */

int flag_implicit_inline_templates = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about implicit declarations.  */

int warn_implicit = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about usage of long long when `-pedantic'.  */

int warn_long_long = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about usage of long double.  */

int warn_long_double = 1;

/* Nonzero means we already warned about long doubles.  */

int warned_about_long_double = 0;

/* Nonzero means warn when all ctors or dtors are private, and the class
   has no friends.  */

int warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = 1;

/* True if we want to implement vtables using "thunks".
   The default is off.  */

#ifndef DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS
#define DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS 0
#endif
int flag_vtable_thunks = DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS;

/* True if we want to deal with repository information.  */

int flag_use_repository;

/* Nonzero if we want to issue diagnostics that the standard says are not
   required.  */

int flag_optional_diags = 1;

#ifdef ENABLE_NEWLINE_MAPPING
/* Nonzero means map \n to carriage return (0x0D) instead of
   to line feed (0x0A).  */
int flag_map_newline_to_cr;
#endif

#ifdef PASCAL_STRINGS
/* Nonzero means initial "\p" in string becomes a length byte and
   string type becomes _unsigned_ char* .  */

int flag_pascal_strings;
#endif

/* Nonzero means give string constants the type `const char *', as mandated
   by the standard.  */

int flag_const_strings = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about deprecated conversion from string constant to
   `char *'.  */

int warn_write_strings;

#ifdef FOUR_CHAR_CONSTANTS
/* Nonzero (the default) means give warnings for any four-character
   character constants.  Zero means be quiet about them.  These are
   used often in Mac code, as "OSTypes".  */

int warn_four_char_constants = 1;
#endif

/* Nonzero means warn about pointer casts that can drop a type qualifier
   from the pointer target type.  */

int warn_cast_qual;

/* Nonzero means warn about sizeof(function) or addition/subtraction
   of function pointers.  */

int warn_pointer_arith = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn for any function def without prototype decl.  */

int warn_missing_prototypes;

/* Nonzero means warn about multiple (redundant) decls for the same single
   variable or function.  */

int warn_redundant_decls;

/* Warn if initializer is not completely bracketed.  */

int warn_missing_braces;

/* Warn about comparison of signed and unsigned values.  */

int warn_sign_compare;

/* Warn about *printf or *scanf format/argument anomalies.  */

int warn_format;

/* Warn about a subscript that has type char.  */

int warn_char_subscripts;

/* Warn if a type conversion is done that might have confusing results.  */

int warn_conversion;

/* Warn if adding () is suggested.  */

int warn_parentheses;

/* Non-zero means warn in function declared in derived class has the
   same name as a virtual in the base class, but fails to match the
   type signature of any virtual function in the base class.  */
int warn_overloaded_virtual;

/* Non-zero means warn when declaring a class that has a non virtual
   destructor, when it really ought to have a virtual one.  */
int warn_nonvdtor;

/* Non-zero means warn when a function is declared extern and later inline.  */
int warn_extern_inline;

/* Non-zero means warn when the compiler will reorder code.  */
int warn_reorder;

/* Non-zero means warn when synthesis behavior differs from Cfront's.  */
int warn_synth;

/* Non-zero means warn when we convert a pointer to member function
   into a pointer to (void or function).  */
int warn_pmf2ptr = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about violation of some Effective C++ style rules.  */

int warn_ecpp;

/* Nonzero means warn where overload resolution chooses a promotion from
   unsigned to signed over a conversion to an unsigned of the same size.  */

int warn_sign_promo;

/* Nonzero means warn when an old-style cast is used.  */

int warn_old_style_cast;

/* Warn about #pragma directives that are not recognised.  */      

int warn_unknown_pragmas; /* Tri state variable.  */  

/* Nonzero means warn about use of multicharacter literals.  */

int warn_multichar = 1;

#if defined (NEXT_SEMANTICS) || defined (NEXT_PDO)
/* Nonzero if the -Wmost switch was encountered; reset to zero if -Wall is
   encountered.  (-Wmost is very similar to -Wall, except that it omits
   warnings we don't find particularly useful.)  */

int warn_most = 0;
#endif

/* Nonzero means warn when non-templatized friend functions are
   declared within a template */

int warn_nontemplate_friend = 1;

/* Nonzero means complain about deprecated features.  */

int warn_deprecated = 1;

/* Nonzero means `$' can be in an identifier.  */

#ifndef DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS
#define DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS 1
#endif
int dollars_in_ident = DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS;

/* Nonzero for -fno-strict-prototype switch: do not consider empty
   argument prototype to mean function takes no arguments.  */

int flag_strict_prototype = 2;
int strict_prototype = 1;
int strict_prototypes_lang_c, strict_prototypes_lang_cplusplus = 1;

/* Nonzero means that labels can be used as first-class objects */

int flag_labels_ok;

/* Non-zero means to collect statistics which might be expensive
   and to print them when we are done.  */
int flag_detailed_statistics;

/* C++ specific flags.  */   
/* Zero means that `this' is a *const.  This gives nice behavior in the
   2.0 world.  1 gives 1.2-compatible behavior.  2 gives Spring behavior.
   -2 means we're constructing an object and it has fixed type.  */

int flag_this_is_variable;

/* 3 means write out only virtuals function tables `defined'
   in this implementation file.
   0 means write out virtual function tables and give them
   (C) static access (default).  */

int write_virtuals;

/* Nonzero means we should attempt to elide constructors when possible.  */

int flag_elide_constructors = 1;

/* Nonzero means recognize and handle signature language constructs.  */

int flag_handle_signatures;

/* Nonzero means that member functions defined in class scope are
   inline by default.  */

int flag_default_inline = 1;

/* Controls whether compiler generates 'type descriptor' that give
   run-time type information.  */
int flag_rtti = 1;

/* Nonzero if we wish to output cross-referencing information
   for the GNU class browser.  */
extern int flag_gnu_xref;

/* Nonzero if we want to support huge (> 2^(sizeof(short)*8-1) bytes)
   objects.  */

int flag_huge_objects;

/* Nonzero if we want to conserve space in the .o files.  We do this
   by putting uninitialized data and runtime initialized data into
   .common instead of .data at the expense of not flagging multiple
   definitions.  */

int flag_conserve_space;

/* Nonzero if we want to obey access control semantics.  */

int flag_access_control = 1;

/* Nonzero if all calls to virtual functions should cause indirection 
   through a vtable.  */

int flag_indirect_virtual_calls;

/* Nonzero if we want to understand the operator names, i.e. 'bitand'.  */

int flag_operator_names = 1;

/* Nonzero if we want to check the return value of new and avoid calling
   constructors if it is a null pointer.  */

int flag_check_new;

/* Nonzero if we want the new ANSI rules for pushing a new scope for `for'
   initialization variables.
   0: Old rules, set by -fno-for-scope.
   2: New ANSI rules, set by -ffor-scope.
   1: Try to implement new ANSI rules, but with backup compatibility
   (and warnings).  This is the default, for now.  */

int flag_new_for_scope = 1;

/* Nonzero if we want to emit defined symbols with common-like linkage as
   weak symbols where possible, in order to conform to C++ semantics.
   Otherwise, emit them as local symbols.  */

int flag_weak = 1;

/* Nonzero to enable experimental ABI changes.  */

int flag_new_abi;

/* Nonzero to not ignore namespace std. */

int flag_honor_std;

/* Maximum template instantiation depth. Must be at least 17 for ANSI
   compliance. */

int max_tinst_depth = 17;

/* The name-mangling scheme to use.  Must be 1 or greater to support
   template functions with identical types, but different template
   arguments.  */
int name_mangling_version = 2;

/* Nonzero means that guiding declarations are allowed.  */
int flag_guiding_decls;

/* Nonzero if squashed mangling is to be performed. 
   This uses the B and K codes to reference previously seen class types 
   and class qualifiers.       */
int flag_do_squangling;

/* Nonzero means output .vtable_{entry,inherit} for use in doing vtable gc.  */

int flag_vtable_gc;

/* Nonzero means make the default pedwarns warnings instead of errors.
   The value of this flag is ignored if -pedantic is specified.  */

int flag_permissive;

/* The variant of the C language being processed.  */

int c_language = clk_cplusplus;

/* Table of language-dependent -f options.
   STRING is the option name.  VARIABLE is the address of the variable.
   ON_VALUE is the value to store in VARIABLE
    if `-fSTRING' is seen as an option.
   (If `-fno-STRING' is seen as an option, the opposite value is stored.)  */

static struct { const char *string; int *variable; int on_value;}
lang_f_options[] =
{
  /* C/C++ options.  */
  {"signed-char", &flag_signed_char, 1},
  {"unsigned-char", &flag_signed_char, 0},
  {"signed-bitfields", &flag_signed_bitfields, 1},
  {"unsigned-bitfields", &flag_signed_bitfields, 0},
  {"short-enums", &flag_short_enums, 1},
  {"short-double", &flag_short_double, 1},
  {"cond-mismatch", &flag_cond_mismatch, 1},
  {"asm", &flag_no_asm, 0},
  {"builtin", &flag_no_builtin, 0},
  {"altivec", &flag_altivec, 1},
  {"vec", &flag_altivec, 1},

  /* C++-only options.  */
  {"access-control", &flag_access_control, 1},
  {"check-new", &flag_check_new, 1},
  {"conserve-space", &flag_conserve_space, 1},
  {"const-strings", &flag_const_strings, 1},
  {"default-inline", &flag_default_inline, 1},
  {"dollars-in-identifiers", &dollars_in_ident, 1},
  {"elide-constructors", &flag_elide_constructors, 1},
  {"external-templates", &flag_external_templates, 1},
  {"for-scope", &flag_new_for_scope, 2},
  {"gnu-keywords", &flag_no_gnu_keywords, 0},
  {"handle-exceptions", &flag_exceptions, 1},
  {"handle-signatures", &flag_handle_signatures, 1},
  {"honor-std", &flag_honor_std, 1},
  {"huge-objects", &flag_huge_objects, 1},
  {"implement-inlines", &flag_implement_inlines, 1},
  {"implicit-inline-templates", &flag_implicit_inline_templates, 1},
  {"implicit-templates", &flag_implicit_templates, 1},
  {"indirect-virtual-calls", &flag_indirect_virtual_calls, 1},
  {"labels-ok", &flag_labels_ok, 1},
  {"nonansi-builtins", &flag_no_nonansi_builtin, 0},
  {"operator-names", &flag_operator_names, 1},
  {"optional-diags", &flag_optional_diags, 1},
  {"permissive", &flag_permissive, 1},
  {"repo", &flag_use_repository, 1},
#ifdef ENABLE_NEWLINE_MAPPING
  {"map-newline-to-cr", &flag_map_newline_to_cr, 1},
#endif
#ifdef PASCAL_STRINGS
  {"pascal-strings", &flag_pascal_strings, 1},
#endif
  {"rtti", &flag_rtti, 1},
  {"squangle", &flag_do_squangling, 1},
  {"stats", &flag_detailed_statistics, 1},
  {"strict-prototype", &flag_strict_prototype, 1},
  {"this-is-variable", &flag_this_is_variable, 1},
  {"vtable-gc", &flag_vtable_gc, 1},
  {"vtable-thunks", &flag_vtable_thunks, 1},
  {"weak", &flag_weak, 1},
  {"xref", &flag_gnu_xref, 1}
};

/* Decode the string P as a language-specific option.
   Return the number of strings consumed for a valid option.
   Otherwise return 0.  */

int   
#ifdef OBJCPLUS
cplus_decode_option (argc, argv)
#else
lang_decode_option (argc, argv)
#endif
     int argc
#if !USE_CPPLIB
  ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
#endif
  ;
     char **argv;

{
  int strings_processed;
  char *p = argv[0];
#if USE_CPPLIB
  strings_processed = cpp_handle_option (&parse_in, argc, argv);
#else
  strings_processed = 0;
#endif /* ! USE_CPPLIB */

  if (!strcmp (p, "-ftraditional") || !strcmp (p, "-traditional"))
    /* ignore */;
  else if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] == 'f')
    {
      /* Some kind of -f option.
	 P's value is the option sans `-f'.
	 Search for it in the table of options.  */
      int found = 0;
      size_t j;

      p += 2;
      /* Try special -f options.  */

      if (!strcmp (p, "handle-exceptions")
	  || !strcmp (p, "no-handle-exceptions"))
	warning ("-fhandle-exceptions has been renamed to -fexceptions (and is now on by default)");

      if (!strcmp (p, "memoize-lookups")
	  || !strcmp (p, "no-memoize-lookups")
	  || !strcmp (p, "save-memoized")
	  || !strcmp (p, "no-save-memoized")
	  || !strcmp (p, "no-all-virtual")
	  || !strcmp (p, "no-enum-int-equiv")
	  || !strcmp (p, "nonnull-objects")
          || !strcmp (p, "ansi-overloading"))
	{
	  /* ignore */
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "all-virtual")
	       || !strcmp (p, "enum-int-equiv")
#ifdef NEXT_SEMANTICS
	       || !strcmp (p, "conserve-space")
	       || !strcmp (p, "no-conserve-space")
#endif
	       || !strcmp (p, "no-nonnull-objects")
	       || !strcmp (p, "no-ansi-overloading"))
	{
	  warning ("-f%s is no longer supported", p);
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (! strcmp (p, "alt-external-templates"))
	{
	  flag_external_templates = 1;
	  flag_alt_external_templates = 1;
	  found = 1;
          cp_deprecated ("-falt-external-templates");
	}
      else if (! strcmp (p, "no-alt-external-templates"))
	{
	  flag_alt_external_templates = 0;
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "repo"))
	{
	  flag_use_repository = 1;
	  flag_implicit_templates = 0;
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "guiding-decls"))
	{
	  flag_guiding_decls = 1;
	  name_mangling_version = 0;
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "no-guiding-decls"))
	{
	  flag_guiding_decls = 0;
	  found = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "this-is-variable"))
        {
          flag_this_is_variable = 1;
          found = 1;
          cp_deprecated ("-fthis-is-variable");
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "external-templates"))
        {
          flag_external_templates = 1;
          found = 1;
          cp_deprecated ("-fexternal-templates");
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "handle-signatures"))
        {
          flag_handle_signatures = 1;
          found = 1;
          cp_deprecated ("-fhandle-signatures");
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "new-abi"))
	{
	  flag_new_abi = 1;
	  flag_do_squangling = 1;
	  flag_honor_std = 1;
	  flag_vtable_thunks = 1;
	}
      else if (!strcmp (p, "no-new-abi"))
	{
	  flag_new_abi = 0;
	  flag_do_squangling = 0;
	  flag_honor_std = 0;
	}
      else if (!strncmp (p, "template-depth-", 15))
	{
	  max_tinst_depth =
	  	read_integral_parameter (p + 15, p - 2, max_tinst_depth);
	}
      else if (!strncmp (p, "name-mangling-version-", 22))
	{
	  name_mangling_version =
	  	read_integral_parameter (p + 22, p - 2, name_mangling_version);
	}
      else for (j = 0;
		!found && j < sizeof (lang_f_options) / sizeof (lang_f_options[0]);
		j++)
	{
	  if (!strcmp (p, lang_f_options[j].string))
	    {
	      *lang_f_options[j].variable = lang_f_options[j].on_value;
	      /* A goto here would be cleaner,
		 but breaks the vax pcc.  */
	      found = 1;
	    }
	  if (p[0] == 'n' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == '-'
	      && ! strcmp (p+3, lang_f_options[j].string))
	    {
	      *lang_f_options[j].variable = ! lang_f_options[j].on_value;
	      found = 1;
	    }
	}
      return found;
    }
  else if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] == 'W')
    {
      int setting = 1;

      /* The -W options control the warning behavior of the compiler.  */
      p += 2;

      if (p[0] == 'n' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == '-')
	setting = 0, p += 3;

      if (!strcmp (p, "implicit"))
	warn_implicit = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "long-long"))
	warn_long_long = setting;
#ifdef FOUR_CHAR_CONSTANTS
      else if (!strcmp (p, "four-char-constants"))
        warn_four_char_constants = setting;
#endif
      else if (!strcmp (p, "long-double"))
	warn_long_double = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "return-type"))
	warn_return_type = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "ctor-dtor-privacy"))
	warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "write-strings"))
	warn_write_strings = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "cast-qual"))
	warn_cast_qual = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "char-subscripts"))
	warn_char_subscripts = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "pointer-arith"))
	warn_pointer_arith = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "missing-prototypes"))
	warn_missing_prototypes = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "redundant-decls"))
	warn_redundant_decls = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "missing-braces"))
	warn_missing_braces = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "sign-compare"))
	warn_sign_compare = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "format"))
	warn_format = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "conversion"))
	warn_conversion = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "parentheses"))
	warn_parentheses = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "non-virtual-dtor"))
	warn_nonvdtor = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "extern-inline"))
	warn_extern_inline = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "reorder"))
	warn_reorder = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "synth"))
	warn_synth = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "pmf-conversions"))
	warn_pmf2ptr = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "effc++"))
	warn_ecpp = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "sign-promo"))
	warn_sign_promo = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "old-style-cast"))
	warn_old_style_cast = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "overloaded-virtual"))
	warn_overloaded_virtual = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "multichar"))
	warn_multichar = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "unknown-pragmas"))
	/* Set to greater than 1, so that even unknown pragmas in
	   system headers will be warned about.  */  
	warn_unknown_pragmas = setting * 2;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "non-template-friend"))
	warn_nontemplate_friend = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "deprecated"))
        warn_deprecated = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "comment"))
	;			/* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "comments"))
	;			/* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "trigraphs"))
	;			/* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "import"))
	;			/* cpp handles this one.  */
#if defined (NEXT_SEMANTICS) || defined (NEXT_PDO)
      else if (!strcmp (p, "all") || !strcmp (p, "most"))
#else
      else if (!strcmp (p, "all"))
#endif
	{
	  warn_return_type = setting;
	  warn_unused = setting;
	  warn_implicit = setting;
	  warn_switch = setting;
	  warn_format = setting;
#if defined (NEXT_SEMANTICS) || defined (NEXT_PDO)
	  if (!strcmp (p, "all"))
#endif
	  warn_parentheses = setting;
	  warn_missing_braces = setting;
	  warn_sign_compare = setting;
	  warn_multichar = setting;
	  /* We save the value of warn_uninitialized, since if they put
	     -Wuninitialized on the command line, we need to generate a
	     warning about not using it without also specifying -O.  */
	  if (warn_uninitialized != 1)
	    warn_uninitialized = (setting ? 2 : 0);
#if defined (NEXT_SEMANTICS) || defined (NEXT_PDO)
	  if (!strcmp (p, "all"))
	    {
#endif
	  /* Only warn about unknown pragmas that are not in system
	     headers.  */                                        
	  warn_unknown_pragmas = 1;       

#if defined (NEXT_SEMANTICS) || defined (NEXT_PDO)
	      warn_most = 0;
	    }
	  else if (!strcmp (p, "most"))
	    {
	      warn_most = 1;
	      /* Change sign so we can tell it was turned on by -Wmost.  */
	      warn_unused = -warn_unused;
	    }
#endif
	  /* C++-specific warnings.  */
	  warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = setting;
	  warn_nonvdtor = setting;
	  warn_reorder = setting;
	  warn_nontemplate_friend = setting;           
	}
      else return strings_processed;
    }
  else if (!strcmp (p, "-ansi"))
    flag_no_nonansi_builtin = 1, flag_ansi = 1,
    flag_no_gnu_keywords = 1, flag_operator_names = 1;
#ifdef SPEW_DEBUG
  /* Undocumented, only ever used when you're invoking cc1plus by hand, since
     it's probably safe to assume no sane person would ever want to use this
     under normal circumstances.  */
  else if (!strcmp (p, "-spew-debug"))
    spew_debug = 1;
#endif
  else
    return strings_processed;

  return 1;
}

/* Incorporate `const' and `volatile' qualifiers for member functions.
   FUNCTION is a TYPE_DECL or a FUNCTION_DECL.
   QUALS is a list of qualifiers.  */

tree
grok_method_quals (ctype, function, quals)
     tree ctype, function, quals;
{
  tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (function);
  tree raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (fntype);
  int type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
  int dup_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;

  do
    {
      int tq = cp_type_qual_from_rid (TREE_VALUE (quals));
      
      if (type_quals & tq)
	dup_quals |= tq;
      else
	type_quals |= tq;
      quals = TREE_CHAIN (quals);
    } 
  while (quals);

  if (dup_quals != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED)
    cp_error ("duplicate type qualifiers in %s declaration",
	      TREE_CODE (function) == FUNCTION_DECL 
	      ? "member function" : "type");

  ctype = cp_build_qualified_type (ctype, type_quals);
  fntype = build_cplus_method_type (ctype, TREE_TYPE (fntype),
				    (TREE_CODE (fntype) == METHOD_TYPE
				     ? TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype))
				     : TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype)));
  if (raises)
    fntype = build_exception_variant (fntype, raises);

  TREE_TYPE (function) = fntype;
  return ctype;
}

/* Warn when -fexternal-templates is used and #pragma
   interface/implementation is not used all the times it should be,
   inform the user.  */

void
warn_if_unknown_interface (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  static int already_warned = 0;
  if (already_warned++)
    return;

  if (flag_alt_external_templates)
    {
      struct tinst_level *til = tinst_for_decl ();
      int sl = lineno;
      char *sf = input_filename;

      if (til)
	{
	  lineno = til->line;
	  input_filename = til->file;
	}
      cp_warning ("template `%#D' instantiated in file without #pragma interface",
		  decl);
      lineno = sl;
      input_filename = sf;
    }
  else
    cp_warning_at ("template `%#D' defined in file without #pragma interface",
		   decl);
}

/* A subroutine of the parser, to handle a component list.  */

void
grok_x_components (specs)
     tree specs;
{
  struct pending_inline **p;
  tree t;

  specs = strip_attrs (specs);

  check_tag_decl (specs);
  t = groktypename (build_decl_list (specs, NULL_TREE)); 

  /* The only case where we need to do anything additional here is an
     anonymous union field, e.g.: `struct S { union { int i; }; };'.  */
  if (t == NULL_TREE || !ANON_UNION_TYPE_P (t))
    return;

  fixup_anonymous_union (t);
  finish_member_declaration (build_lang_field_decl (FIELD_DECL,
						    NULL_TREE,
						    t)); 

  /* Ignore any inline function definitions in the anonymous union
     since an anonymous union may not have function members.  */
  p = &pending_inlines;
  for (; *p; *p = (*p)->next)
    if (DECL_CONTEXT ((*p)->fndecl) != t)
      break;
}

/* Constructors for types with virtual baseclasses need an "in-charge" flag
   saying whether this constructor is responsible for initialization of
   virtual baseclasses or not.  All destructors also need this "in-charge"
   flag, which additionally determines whether or not the destructor should
   free the memory for the object.

   This function adds the "in-charge" flag to member function FN if
   appropriate.  It is called from grokclassfn and tsubst.
   FN must be either a constructor or destructor.  */

void
maybe_retrofit_in_chrg (fn)
     tree fn;
{
  tree basetype, arg_types, parms, parm, fntype;

  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn)
      && TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (fn))
      && ! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_FOR_VBASE_P (fn))
    /* OK */;
  else if (! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn)
	   && TREE_CHAIN (DECL_ARGUMENTS (fn)) == NULL_TREE)
    /* OK */;
  else
    return;

  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn))
    DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_FOR_VBASE_P (fn) = 1;

  /* First add it to DECL_ARGUMENTS...  */
  parm = build_decl (PARM_DECL, in_charge_identifier, integer_type_node);
  /* Mark the artificial `__in_chrg' parameter as "artificial".  */
  SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (parm);
  DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = integer_type_node;
  TREE_READONLY (parm) = 1;
  parms = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fn);
  TREE_CHAIN (parm) = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
  TREE_CHAIN (parms) = parm;

  /* ...and then to TYPE_ARG_TYPES.  */
  arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
  basetype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (arg_types));
  arg_types = hash_tree_chain (integer_type_node, TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
  fntype = build_cplus_method_type (basetype, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fn)),
				    arg_types);
  if (TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn)))
    fntype = build_exception_variant (fntype,
				      TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn)));
  TREE_TYPE (fn) = fntype;
}

/* Classes overload their constituent function names automatically.
   When a function name is declared in a record structure,
   its name is changed to it overloaded name.  Since names for
   constructors and destructors can conflict, we place a leading
   '$' for destructors.

   CNAME is the name of the class we are grokking for.

   FUNCTION is a FUNCTION_DECL.  It was created by `grokdeclarator'.

   FLAGS contains bits saying what's special about today's
   arguments.  1 == DESTRUCTOR.  2 == OPERATOR.

   If FUNCTION is a destructor, then we must add the `auto-delete' field
   as a second parameter.  There is some hair associated with the fact
   that we must "declare" this variable in the manner consistent with the
   way the rest of the arguments were declared.

   QUALS are the qualifiers for the this pointer.  */

void
grokclassfn (ctype, function, flags, quals)
     tree ctype, function;
     enum overload_flags flags;
     tree quals;
{
  tree fn_name = DECL_NAME (function);
  tree arg_types;
  tree parm;
  tree qualtype;

  if (fn_name == NULL_TREE)
    {
      error ("name missing for member function");
      fn_name = get_identifier ("<anonymous>");
      DECL_NAME (function) = fn_name;
    }

  if (quals)
    qualtype = grok_method_quals (ctype, function, quals);
  else
    qualtype = ctype;

  arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (function)) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      /* Must add the class instance variable up front.  */
      /* Right now we just make this a pointer.  But later
	 we may wish to make it special.  */
      tree type = TREE_VALUE (arg_types);
      int constp = 1;

      if ((flag_this_is_variable > 0)
	  && (flags == DTOR_FLAG || DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function)))
	constp = 0;

      parm = build_decl (PARM_DECL, this_identifier, type);
      /* Mark the artificial `this' parameter as "artificial".  */
      SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (parm);
      DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = type;
      /* We can make this a register, so long as we don't
	 accidentally complain if someone tries to take its address.  */
      DECL_REGISTER (parm) = 1;
      if (constp)
	TREE_READONLY (parm) = 1;
      TREE_CHAIN (parm) = last_function_parms;
      last_function_parms = parm;
    }

  DECL_ARGUMENTS (function) = last_function_parms;
  /* First approximations.  */
  DECL_CONTEXT (function) = ctype;
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (function) = ctype;

  if (flags == DTOR_FLAG || DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function))
    {
      maybe_retrofit_in_chrg (function);
      arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
    }

  if (flags == DTOR_FLAG)
    {
      DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function) = build_destructor_name (ctype);
      TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (ctype) = 1;
    }
  else
    set_mangled_name_for_decl (function);
}

/* Work on the expr used by alignof (this is only called by the parser).  */

tree
grok_alignof (expr)
     tree expr;
{
  tree best, t;
  int bestalign;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    return build_min (ALIGNOF_EXPR, sizetype, expr);

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPONENT_REF
      && DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)))
    error ("`__alignof__' applied to a bit-field");

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == INDIRECT_REF)
    {
      best = t = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
      bestalign = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));

      while (TREE_CODE (t) == NOP_EXPR
	     && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == POINTER_TYPE)
	{
	  int thisalign;
	  t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
	  thisalign = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));
	  if (thisalign > bestalign)
	    best = t, bestalign = thisalign;
	}
      return c_alignof (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (best)));
    }
  else
    {
      /* ANSI says arrays and fns are converted inside comma.
	 But we can't convert them in build_compound_expr
	 because that would break commas in lvalues.
	 So do the conversion here if operand was a comma.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPOUND_EXPR
	  && (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == ARRAY_TYPE
	      || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == FUNCTION_TYPE))
	expr = default_conversion (expr);
      return c_alignof (TREE_TYPE (expr));
    }
}

/* Create an ARRAY_REF, checking for the user doing things backwards
   along the way.  */

tree
grok_array_decl (array_expr, index_exp)
     tree array_expr, index_exp;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (array_expr);
  tree p1, p2, i1, i2;

  if (type == error_mark_node || index_exp == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return build_min (ARRAY_REF, type ? TREE_TYPE (type) : NULL_TREE,
		      array_expr, index_exp);

  if (type == NULL_TREE)
    {
      /* Something has gone very wrong.  Assume we are mistakenly reducing
	 an expression instead of a declaration.  */
      error ("parser may be lost: is there a '{' missing somewhere?");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == OFFSET_TYPE
      || TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    type = TREE_TYPE (type);

  /* If they have an `operator[]', use that.  */
  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (type) || IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (index_exp)))
    return build_opfncall (ARRAY_REF, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
			   array_expr, index_exp, NULL_TREE);

  /* Otherwise, create an ARRAY_REF for a pointer or array type.  It
     is a little-known fact that, if `a' is an array and `i' is an
     int, you can write `i[a]', which means the same thing as `a[i]'.  */

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    p1 = array_expr;
  else
    p1 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, array_expr, 0);

  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (index_exp)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    p2 = index_exp;
  else
    p2 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, index_exp, 0);

  i1 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM, array_expr, 0);
  i2 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM, index_exp, 0);

  if ((p1 && i2) && (i1 && p2))
    error ("ambiguous conversion for array subscript");

  if (p1 && i2)
    array_expr = p1, index_exp = i2;
  else if (i1 && p2)
    array_expr = p2, index_exp = i1;
  else
    {
      cp_error ("invalid types `%T[%T]' for array subscript",
		type, TREE_TYPE (index_exp));
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (array_expr == error_mark_node || index_exp == error_mark_node)
    error ("ambiguous conversion for array subscript");

  return build_array_ref (array_expr, index_exp);
}

/* Given the cast expression EXP, checking out its validity.   Either return
   an error_mark_node if there was an unavoidable error, return a cast to
   void for trying to delete a pointer w/ the value 0, or return the
   call to delete.  If DOING_VEC is 1, we handle things differently
   for doing an array delete.  If DOING_VEC is 2, they gave us the
   array size as an argument to delete.
   Implements ARM $5.3.4.  This is called from the parser.  */

tree
delete_sanity (exp, size, doing_vec, use_global_delete)
     tree exp, size;
     int doing_vec, use_global_delete;
{
  tree t, type;
  /* For a regular vector delete (aka, no size argument) we will pass
     this down as a NULL_TREE into build_vec_delete.  */
  tree maxindex = NULL_TREE;

  if (exp == error_mark_node)
    return exp;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      t = build_min (DELETE_EXPR, void_type_node, exp, size);
      DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t) = use_global_delete;
      DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t) = doing_vec;
      return t;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == OFFSET_REF)
    exp = resolve_offset_ref (exp);
  exp = convert_from_reference (exp);
  t = stabilize_reference (exp);
  t = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, t, 1);

  if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
    {
      cp_error ("type `%#T' argument given to `delete', expected pointer",
		TREE_TYPE (exp));
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (doing_vec == 2)
    {
      maxindex = build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, size, integer_one_node);
      pedwarn ("anachronistic use of array size in vector delete");
    }

  type = TREE_TYPE (t);

  /* As of Valley Forge, you can delete a pointer to const.  */

  /* You can't delete functions.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    {
      error ("cannot delete a function");
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* Deleting ptr to void is undefined behaviour [expr.delete/3].  */
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == VOID_TYPE)
    cp_warning ("`%T' is not a pointer-to-object type", type);
  
  /* An array can't have been allocated by new, so complain.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == VAR_DECL
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    cp_warning ("deleting array `%#D'", TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));

  /* Deleting a pointer with the value zero is valid and has no effect.  */
  if (integer_zerop (t))
    return build1 (NOP_EXPR, void_type_node, t);

  if (doing_vec)
    return build_vec_delete (t, maxindex, integer_one_node,
			     integer_zero_node, use_global_delete);
  else
    {
      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (type))
	  && TYPE_GETS_REG_DELETE (TREE_TYPE (type)))
	{
	  /* Only do access checking here; we'll be calling op delete
	     from the destructor.  */
	  tree tmp = build_op_delete_call (DELETE_EXPR, t, size_zero_node,
					   LOOKUP_NORMAL, NULL_TREE);
	  if (tmp == error_mark_node)
	    return error_mark_node;
	}

      return build_delete (type, t, integer_three_node,
			   LOOKUP_NORMAL, use_global_delete);
    }
}

/* Report an error if the indicated template declaration is not the
   sort of thing that should be a member template.  */

void
check_member_template (tmpl)
     tree tmpl;
{
  tree decl;

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_DECL, 0);
  decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
      || (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
	  && IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))))
    {
      if (current_function_decl)
	/* 14.5.2.2 [temp.mem]
	   
	   A local class shall not have member templates. */
	cp_error ("declaration of member template `%#D' in local class",
		  decl);
      
      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_VIRTUAL_P (decl))
	{
	  /* 14.5.2.3 [temp.mem]

	     A member function template shall not be virtual.  */
	  cp_error 
	    ("invalid use of `virtual' in template declaration of `%#D'",
	     decl);
	  DECL_VIRTUAL_P (decl) = 0;
	}

      /* The debug-information generating code doesn't know what to do
	 with member templates.  */ 
      DECL_IGNORED_P (tmpl) = 1;
    } 
  else
    cp_error ("template declaration of `%#D'", decl);
}

/* Return true iff TYPE is a valid Java parameter or return type. */

static int
acceptable_java_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE || TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
    return 1;
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
    {
      type = TREE_TYPE (type);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE)
	{
	  tree args;  int i;
	  if (! TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
	    return 0;
	  if (! CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
	    return 1;
	  args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type);
	  i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args);
	  while (--i >= 0)
	    {
	      type = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i);
	      if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
		type = TREE_TYPE (type);
	      if (! TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
		return 0;
	    }
	  return 1;
	}
    }
  return 0;
}

/* For a METHOD in a Java class CTYPE, return 1 if
   the parameter and return types are valid Java types.
   Otherwise, print appropriate error messages, and return 0.  */

int
check_java_method (method)
     tree method;
{
  int jerr = 0;
  tree arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (method));
  tree ret_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (method));
  if (! acceptable_java_type (ret_type))
    {
      cp_error ("Java method '%D' has non-Java return type `%T'",
		method, ret_type);
      jerr++;
    }
  for (; arg_types != NULL_TREE; arg_types = TREE_CHAIN (arg_types))
    {
      tree type = TREE_VALUE (arg_types);
      if (! acceptable_java_type (type))
	{
	  cp_error ("Java method '%D' has non-Java parameter type `%T'",
		    method, type);
	  jerr++;
	}
    }
  return jerr ? 0 : 1;
}

/* Sanity check: report error if this function FUNCTION is not
   really a member of the class (CTYPE) it is supposed to belong to.
   CNAME is the same here as it is for grokclassfn above.  */

tree
check_classfn (ctype, function)
     tree ctype, function;
{
  tree fn_name = DECL_NAME (function);
  tree fndecl, fndecls;
  tree method_vec = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (complete_type (ctype));
  tree *methods = 0;
  tree *end = 0;
  
  if (DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (function)
      && is_member_template (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (function)))
    /* Since this is a specialization of a member template,
       we're not going to find the declaration in the class.
       For example, in:
       
         struct S { template <typename T> void f(T); };
         template <> void S::f(int);
       
       we're not going to find `S::f(int)', but there's no
       reason we should, either.  We let our callers know we didn't
       find the method, but we don't complain.  */
    return NULL_TREE;
      
  if (method_vec != 0)
    {
      methods = &TREE_VEC_ELT (method_vec, 0);
      end = TREE_VEC_END (method_vec);

      /* First suss out ctors and dtors.  */
      if (*methods && fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods))
	  && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function))
	goto got_it;
      if (*++methods && fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods))
	  && DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function)))
	goto got_it;

      while (++methods != end && *methods)
	{
	  fndecl = *methods;
	  if (fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods)))
	    {
	    got_it:
	      for (fndecls = *methods; fndecls != NULL_TREE;
		   fndecls = OVL_NEXT (fndecls))
		{
		  fndecl = OVL_CURRENT (fndecls);
		  /* The DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME for a TEMPLATE_DECL, or
		     for a for member function of a template class, is
		     not mangled, so the check below does not work
		     correctly in that case.  Since mangled destructor
		     names do not include the type of the arguments,
		     we can't use this short-cut for them, either.
		     (It's not legal to declare arguments for a
		     destructor, but some people try.)  */
		  if (!DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function))
		      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function)
			  != DECL_NAME (function))
		      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (fndecl)
			  != DECL_NAME (fndecl))
		      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function) 
			  == DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (fndecl)))
		    return fndecl;

		  /* We cannot simply call decls_match because this
		     doesn't work for static member functions that are 
                     pretending to be methods, and because the name
		     may have been changed by asm("new_name").  */ 
		  if (DECL_NAME (function) == DECL_NAME (fndecl))
		    {
		      tree p1 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
		      tree p2 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl));

		      /* Get rid of the this parameter on functions that become
			 static.  */
		      if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (fndecl)
			  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (function)) == METHOD_TYPE)
			p1 = TREE_CHAIN (p1);

		      if (same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function)),
				       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)))
			  && compparms (p1, p2)
			  && (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (function)
			      == DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (fndecl))
			  && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (function)
			      || (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (function) 
				  == DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fndecl))))
			return fndecl;
		    }
		}
	      break;		/* loser */
	    }
	}
    }

  if (methods != end && *methods)
    {
      tree fndecl = *methods;
      cp_error ("prototype for `%#D' does not match any in class `%T'",
		function, ctype);
      cp_error_at ("candidate%s: %+#D", OVL_NEXT (fndecl) ? "s are" : " is",
		   OVL_CURRENT (fndecl));
      while (fndecl = OVL_NEXT (fndecl), fndecl)
	cp_error_at ("                %#D", OVL_CURRENT(fndecl));
    }
  else
    {
      methods = 0;
      if (TYPE_SIZE (ctype) == 0)
        incomplete_type_error (function, ctype);
      else
        cp_error ("no `%#D' member function declared in class `%T'",
		  function, ctype);
    }

  /* If we did not find the method in the class, add it to avoid
     spurious errors (unless the CTYPE is not yet defined, in which
     case we'll only confuse ourselves when the function is declared
     properly within the class.  */
  if (TYPE_SIZE (ctype))
    add_method (ctype, methods, function);
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* We have just processed the DECL, which is a static data member.
   Its initializer, if present, is INIT.  The ASMSPEC_TREE, if
   present, is the assembly-language name for the data member.
   NEED_POP and FLAGS are as for cp_finish_decl.  */

void
finish_static_data_member_decl (decl, init, asmspec_tree, need_pop, flags)
     tree decl;
     tree init;
     tree asmspec_tree;
     int need_pop;
     int flags;
{
  char* asmspec = 0;

  if (asmspec_tree)
    asmspec = TREE_STRING_POINTER (asmspec_tree);

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_PUBLIC (decl), 0);

  if (flag_dump_symbols)
    printf ("+dh %s %u\n", IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (decl)),
            DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl));
  if (flag_gen_index)
    dump_symbol_info ("+dh ", IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (decl)),
            DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl));

  /* We cannot call pushdecl here, because that would fill in the
     decl of our TREE_CHAIN.  Instead, we modify cp_finish_decl to do
     the right thing, namely, to put this decl out straight away.  */
  /* current_class_type can be NULL_TREE in case of error.  */
  if (!asmspec && current_class_type)
    {
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
      DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl)
	= build_static_name (current_class_type, DECL_NAME (decl));
    }
  if (! processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (!pending_statics)
	VARRAY_TREE_INIT (pending_statics, 32, "pending_statics");
	
      if (pending_statics_used == pending_statics->num_elements)
	VARRAY_GROW (pending_statics, 
		     2 * pending_statics->num_elements);
      VARRAY_TREE (pending_statics, pending_statics_used) = decl;
      ++pending_statics_used;
    }

  /* Static consts need not be initialized in the class definition.  */
  if (init != NULL_TREE && TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
    {
      static int explanation = 0;
	  
      error ("initializer invalid for static member with constructor");
      if (explanation++ == 0)
	error ("(you really want to initialize it separately)");
      init = 0;
    }
  /* Force the compiler to know when an uninitialized static const
     member is being used.  */
  if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)) && init == 0)
    TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = init;
  DECL_IN_AGGR_P (decl) = 1;
  DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_class_type;
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl) = current_class_type;

  cp_finish_decl (decl, init, asmspec_tree, need_pop, flags);
}

/* Process the specs, declarator (NULL if omitted) and width (NULL if omitted)
   of a structure component, returning a FIELD_DECL node.
   QUALS is a list of type qualifiers for this decl (such as for declaring
   const member functions).

   This is done during the parsing of the struct declaration.
   The FIELD_DECL nodes are chained together and the lot of them
   are ultimately passed to `build_struct' to make the RECORD_TYPE node.

   C++:

   If class A defines that certain functions in class B are friends, then
   the way I have set things up, it is B who is interested in permission
   granted by A.  However, it is in A's context that these declarations
   are parsed.  By returning a void_type_node, class A does not attempt
   to incorporate the declarations of the friends within its structure.

   DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THIS CODE WITHOUT MAKING CORRESPONDING
   CHANGES TO CODE IN `start_method'.  */

tree
grokfield (declarator, declspecs, init, asmspec_tree, attrlist)
     tree declarator, declspecs, init, asmspec_tree, attrlist;
{
  register tree value;
  char *asmspec = 0;
  int flags = LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING;

  /* Convert () initializers to = initializers.  */
  if (init == NULL_TREE && declarator != NULL_TREE
      && TREE_CODE (declarator) == CALL_EXPR
      && TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)
      && (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
	  || TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
      && parmlist_is_exprlist (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1)))
    {
      init = TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1);
      declarator = TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0);
      flags = 0;
    }

  if (declspecs == NULL_TREE
      && TREE_CODE (declarator) == SCOPE_REF
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      /* Access declaration */
      if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0))))
	;
      else if (TREE_COMPLEXITY (declarator) == current_class_depth)
	pop_nested_class ();
      return do_class_using_decl (declarator);
    }

  if (init
      && TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST
      && TREE_VALUE (init) == error_mark_node
      && TREE_CHAIN (init) == NULL_TREE)
    init = NULL_TREE;

  value = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, FIELD, init != 0, attrlist);
  if (! value || value == error_mark_node)
    /* friend or constructor went bad.  */
    return value;

  /* Pass friendly classes back.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VOID_TYPE)
    return void_type_node;

  if (DECL_NAME (value) != NULL_TREE
      && IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (value))[0] == '_'
      && ! strcmp (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (value)), "_vptr"))
    cp_error ("member `%D' conflicts with virtual function table field name",
	      value);

  /* Stash away type declarations.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == TYPE_DECL)
    {
      DECL_NONLOCAL (value) = 1;
      DECL_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;
      DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;

      /* Now that we've updated the context, we need to remangle the
	 name for this TYPE_DECL.  */
      DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = DECL_NAME (value);
      if (!uses_template_parms (value))
	DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) =
	  get_identifier (build_overload_name (TREE_TYPE (value), 1, 1));

      return value;
    }

  if (current_class_type != NULL_TREE && IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type)
      && TREE_CODE (value) != FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      error ("field declaration not allowed in signature");
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' is already defined in `%T'", value,
		DECL_CONTEXT (value));
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (asmspec_tree)
    asmspec = TREE_STRING_POINTER (asmspec_tree);

  if (init)
    {
      if (current_class_type != NULL_TREE && IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type)
	  && TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
	{
	  error ("function declarations cannot have initializers in signature");
	  init = NULL_TREE;
	}
      else if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
	{
	  grok_function_init (value, init);
	  init = NULL_TREE;
	}
      else if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (value) != VAR_DECL)
	/* Already complained in grokdeclarator.  */
	init = NULL_TREE;
      else
	{
	  /* We allow initializers to become parameters to base
             initializers.  */
	  if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
	    {
	      if (TREE_CHAIN (init) == NULL_TREE)
		init = TREE_VALUE (init);
	      else
		init = digest_init (TREE_TYPE (value), init, (tree *)0);
	    }
	  
	  if (TREE_CODE (init) == CONST_DECL)
	    init = DECL_INITIAL (init);
	  else if (TREE_READONLY_DECL_P (init))
	    init = decl_constant_value (init);
	  else if (TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR)
	    init = digest_init (TREE_TYPE (value), init, (tree *)0);
	  my_friendly_assert (TREE_PERMANENT (init), 192);
	  if (init == error_mark_node)
	    /* We must make this look different than `error_mark_node'
	       because `decl_const_value' would mis-interpret it
	       as only meaning that this VAR_DECL is defined.  */
	    init = build1 (NOP_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (value), init);
	  else if (processing_template_decl)
	    ;
	  else if (! TREE_CONSTANT (init))
	    {
	      /* We can allow references to things that are effectively
		 static, since references are initialized with the address.  */
	      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (value)) != REFERENCE_TYPE
		  || (TREE_STATIC (init) == 0
		      && (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (init)) != 'd'
			  || DECL_EXTERNAL (init) == 0)))
		{
		  error ("field initializer is not constant");
		  init = error_mark_node;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

  /* The corresponding pop_obstacks is in cp_finish_decl.  */
  push_obstacks_nochange ();

  if (processing_template_decl && ! current_function_decl
      && (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL))
    value = push_template_decl (value);

  if (attrlist)
    cplus_decl_attributes (value, TREE_PURPOSE (attrlist),
			   TREE_VALUE (attrlist));

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL)
    {
      finish_static_data_member_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 
				      /*need_pop=*/1, flags);
      return value;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FIELD_DECL)
    {
      if (asmspec)
	{
	  /* This must override the asm specifier which was placed
	     by grokclassfn.  Lay this out fresh.  */
	  DECL_RTL (value) = NULL_RTX;
	  DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = get_identifier (asmspec);
	}
      if (DECL_INITIAL (value) == error_mark_node)
	init = error_mark_node;
      cp_finish_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 1, flags);
      DECL_INITIAL (value) = init;
      DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
      return value;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      if (asmspec)
	{
	  /* This must override the asm specifier which was placed
	     by grokclassfn.  Lay this out fresh.  */
	  DECL_RTL (value) = NULL_RTX;
	  DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = get_identifier (asmspec);
	}
      cp_finish_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 1, flags);

      /* Pass friends back this way.  */
      if (DECL_FRIEND_P (value))
	return void_type_node;

#if 0 /* Just because a fn is declared doesn't mean we'll try to define it.  */
      if (current_function_decl && ! IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type))
	cp_error ("method `%#D' of local class must be defined in class body",
		  value);
#endif

      DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
      return value;
    }
  my_friendly_abort (21);
  /* NOTREACHED */
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Like `grokfield', but for bitfields.
   WIDTH is non-NULL for bit fields only, and is an INTEGER_CST node.  */

tree
grokbitfield (declarator, declspecs, width)
     tree declarator, declspecs, width;
{
  register tree value = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, BITFIELD,
					0, NULL_TREE);

  if (! value) return NULL_TREE; /* friends went bad.  */

  /* Pass friendly classes back.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VOID_TYPE)
    return void_type_node;

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == TYPE_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("cannot declare `%D' to be a bitfield type", value);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  /* Usually, finish_struct_1 catches bitifields with invalid types.
     But, in the case of bitfields with function type, we confuse
     ourselves into thinking they are member functions, so we must
     check here.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("cannot declare bitfield `%D' with funcion type",
		DECL_NAME (value));
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  if (IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type))
    {
      error ("field declaration not allowed in signature");
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' is already defined in the class %T", value,
		  DECL_CONTEXT (value));
      return void_type_node;
    }

  GNU_xref_member (current_class_name, value);

  if (TREE_STATIC (value))
    {
      cp_error ("static member `%D' cannot be a bitfield", value);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  cp_finish_decl (value, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);

  if (width != error_mark_node)
    {
      constant_expression_warning (width);
      DECL_INITIAL (value) = width;
      SET_DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (value);
    }

  DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
  return value;
}

tree
grokoptypename (declspecs, declarator)
     tree declspecs, declarator;
{
  tree t = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, TYPENAME, 0, NULL_TREE);
  return build_typename_overload (t);
}

/* When a function is declared with an initializer,
   do the right thing.  Currently, there are two possibilities:

   class B
   {
    public:
     // initialization possibility #1.
     virtual void f () = 0;
     int g ();
   };
   
   class D1 : B
   {
    public:
     int d1;
     // error, no f ();
   };
   
   class D2 : B
   {
    public:
     int d2;
     void f ();
   };
   
   class D3 : B
   {
    public:
     int d3;
     // initialization possibility #2
     void f () = B::f;
   };

*/

int
copy_assignment_arg_p (parmtype, virtualp)
     tree parmtype;
     int virtualp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  if (current_class_type == NULL_TREE)
    return 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (parmtype) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    parmtype = TREE_TYPE (parmtype);

  if ((TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (parmtype) == current_class_type)
#if 0
      /* Non-standard hack to support old Booch components.  */
      || (! virtualp && DERIVED_FROM_P (parmtype, current_class_type))
#endif
      )
    return 1;

  return 0;
}

static void
grok_function_init (decl, init)
     tree decl;
     tree init;
{
  /* An initializer for a function tells how this function should
     be inherited.  */
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    cp_error ("initializer specified for non-member function `%D'", decl);
#if 0
  /* We'll check for this in finish_struct_1.  */
  else if (DECL_VINDEX (decl) == NULL_TREE)
    cp_error ("initializer specified for non-virtual method `%D'", decl);
#endif
  else if (integer_zerop (init))
    {
#if 0
      /* Mark this function as being "defined".  */
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
      /* pure virtual destructors must be defined.  */
      /* pure virtual needs to be defined (as abort) only when put in 
	 vtbl. For wellformed call, it should be itself. pr4737 */
      if (!DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl)))
	{
	  extern tree abort_fndecl;
	  /* Give this node rtl from `abort'.  */
	  DECL_RTL (decl) = DECL_RTL (abort_fndecl);
	}
#endif
      DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (decl) = 1;
      if (DECL_NAME (decl) == ansi_opname [(int) MODIFY_EXPR])
	{
	  tree parmtype
	    = TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl))));

	  if (copy_assignment_arg_p (parmtype, 1))
	    TYPE_HAS_ABSTRACT_ASSIGN_REF (current_class_type) = 1;
	}
    }
  else
    cp_error ("invalid initializer for virtual method `%D'", decl);
}

void
cplus_decl_attributes (decl, attributes, prefix_attributes)
     tree decl, attributes, prefix_attributes;
{
  if (decl == NULL_TREE || decl == void_type_node)
    return;

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
    decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (decl);

  decl_attributes (decl, attributes, prefix_attributes);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
    SET_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE (DECL_NAME (decl), TREE_TYPE (decl));
}

/* CONSTRUCTOR_NAME:
   Return the name for the constructor (or destructor) for the
   specified class.  Argument can be RECORD_TYPE, TYPE_DECL, or
   IDENTIFIER_NODE.  When given a template, this routine doesn't
   lose the specialization.  */

tree
constructor_name_full (thing)
     tree thing;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
      || TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
      || TREE_CODE (thing) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
    thing = TYPE_NAME (thing);
  else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (thing)))
    {
      if (TYPE_WAS_ANONYMOUS (thing) && TYPE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (thing))
	thing = DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (thing), 0)));
      else
	thing = TYPE_NAME (thing);
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (thing) == TYPE_DECL
      || (TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_DECL
	  && TREE_CODE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (thing)) == TYPE_DECL))
    thing = DECL_NAME (thing);
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (thing) == IDENTIFIER_NODE, 197);
  return thing;
}

/* CONSTRUCTOR_NAME:
   Return the name for the constructor (or destructor) for the
   specified class.  Argument can be RECORD_TYPE, TYPE_DECL, or
   IDENTIFIER_NODE.  When given a template, return the plain
   unspecialized name.  */

tree
constructor_name (thing)
     tree thing;
{
  tree t;
  thing = constructor_name_full (thing);
  t = IDENTIFIER_TEMPLATE (thing);
  if (!t)
    return thing;
  return t;
}

/* Cache the value of this class's main virtual function table pointer
   in a register variable.  This will save one indirection if a
   more than one virtual function call is made this function.  */

void
setup_vtbl_ptr ()
{
  extern tree base_init_expr;

  if (base_init_expr == 0
      && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl))
    {
      if (processing_template_decl)
	add_tree (build_min_nt
		  (CTOR_INITIALIZER,
		   current_member_init_list, current_base_init_list));
      else
	emit_base_init (current_class_type, 0);
    }
}

/* Record the existence of an addressable inline function.  */

void
mark_inline_for_output (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  decl = DECL_MAIN_VARIANT (decl);
  if (DECL_SAVED_INLINE (decl))
    return;
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_PERMANENT (decl), 363);
  DECL_SAVED_INLINE (decl) = 1;
  if (!saved_inlines)
    VARRAY_TREE_INIT (saved_inlines, 32, "saved_inlines");
  
  if (saved_inlines_used == saved_inlines->num_elements)
    VARRAY_GROW (saved_inlines, 
		 2 * saved_inlines->num_elements);
  VARRAY_TREE (saved_inlines, saved_inlines_used) = decl;
  ++saved_inlines_used;
}

void
clear_temp_name ()
{
  temp_name_counter = 0;
}

/* Hand off a unique name which can be used for variable we don't really
   want to know about anyway, for example, the anonymous variables which
   are needed to make references work.  Declare this thing so we can use it.
   The variable created will be of type TYPE.

   STATICP is nonzero if this variable should be static.  */

tree
get_temp_name (type, staticp)
     tree type;
     int staticp;
{
  char buf[sizeof (AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT) + 20];
  tree decl;
  int toplev = toplevel_bindings_p ();

  push_obstacks_nochange ();
  if (toplev || staticp)
    {
      end_temporary_allocation ();
      sprintf (buf, AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT, global_temp_name_counter++);
      decl = pushdecl_top_level (build_decl (VAR_DECL, get_identifier (buf), type));
    }
  else
    {
      sprintf (buf, AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT, temp_name_counter++);
      decl = pushdecl (build_decl (VAR_DECL, get_identifier (buf), type));
    }
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  TREE_STATIC (decl) = staticp;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;

  /* If this is a local variable, then lay out its rtl now.
     Otherwise, callers of this function are responsible for dealing
     with this variable's rtl.  */
  if (! toplev)
    {
      expand_decl (decl);
      expand_decl_init (decl);
    }
  pop_obstacks ();

  return decl;
}

/* Get a variable which we can use for multiple assignments.
   It is not entered into current_binding_level, because
   that breaks things when it comes time to do final cleanups
   (which take place "outside" the binding contour of the function).  */

tree
get_temp_regvar (type, init)
     tree type, init;
{
  tree decl;

  decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 1;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;

  DECL_RTL (decl) = assign_temp (type, 2, 0, 1);
  /* We can expand these without fear, since they cannot need
     constructors or destructors.  */
  expand_expr (build_modify_expr (decl, INIT_EXPR, init),
	       NULL_RTX, VOIDmode, 0);

  return decl;
}

/* Hunts through the global anonymous union ANON_DECL, building
   appropriate VAR_DECLs.  Stores cleanups on the list of ELEMS, and
   returns a VAR_DECL whose size is the same as the size of the
   ANON_DECL, if one is available.  */

static tree 
build_anon_union_vars (anon_decl, elems, static_p, external_p)
     tree anon_decl;
     tree* elems;
     int static_p;
     int external_p;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (anon_decl);
  tree main_decl = NULL_TREE;
  tree field;

  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); 
       field != NULL_TREE; 
       field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
    {
      tree decl;

      if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (field))
	continue;
      if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL)
	{
	  cp_pedwarn_at ("`%#D' invalid; an anonymous union can only have non-static data members",
			 field);
	  continue;
	}

      if (TREE_PRIVATE (field))
	cp_pedwarn_at ("private member `%#D' in anonymous union", field);
      else if (TREE_PROTECTED (field))
	cp_pedwarn_at ("protected member `%#D' in anonymous union", field);

      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == UNION_TYPE)
	{
	  decl = build_anon_union_vars (field, elems, static_p, external_p);
	  if (!decl)
	    continue;
	}
      else if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE)
	continue;
      else
	{
	  decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, DECL_NAME (field), TREE_TYPE (field));
	  /* tell `pushdecl' that this is not tentative.  */
	  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
	  TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 0;
	  TREE_STATIC (decl) = static_p;
	  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = external_p;
	  decl = pushdecl (decl);
	  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = NULL_TREE;
	}

      /* Only write out one anon union element--choose the one that
	 can hold them all.  */
      if (main_decl == NULL_TREE
	  && simple_cst_equal (DECL_SIZE (decl),
			       DECL_SIZE (anon_decl)) == 1)
	main_decl = decl;
      else 
	/* ??? This causes there to be no debug info written out
	   about this decl.  */
	TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (decl) = 1;
      
      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == UNION_TYPE)
	/* The remainder of the processing was already done in the
	   recursive call.  */
	continue;

      /* If there's a cleanup to do, it belongs in the
	 TREE_PURPOSE of the following TREE_LIST.  */
      *elems = scratch_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, decl, *elems);
      TREE_TYPE (*elems) = type;
    }
  
  return main_decl;
}

/* Finish off the processing of a UNION_TYPE structure.
   If there are static members, then all members are
   static, and must be laid out together.  If the
   union is an anonymous union, we arrange for that
   as well.  PUBLIC_P is nonzero if this union is
   not declared static.  */

void
finish_anon_union (anon_union_decl)
     tree anon_union_decl;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (anon_union_decl);
  tree elems = NULL_TREE;
  tree main_decl;
  int public_p = TREE_PUBLIC (anon_union_decl);
  int static_p = TREE_STATIC (anon_union_decl);
  int external_p = DECL_EXTERNAL (anon_union_decl);

  if (TYPE_FIELDS (type) == NULL_TREE)
    return;

  if (public_p)
    {
      error ("global anonymous unions must be declared static");
      return;
    }

  main_decl = build_anon_union_vars (anon_union_decl, &elems, 
				     static_p, external_p);

  if (main_decl == NULL_TREE)
    {
      warning ("anonymous union with no members");
      return;
    }

  if (static_p)
    {
      make_decl_rtl (main_decl, 0, toplevel_bindings_p ());
      DECL_RTL (anon_union_decl) = DECL_RTL (main_decl);
    }

  /* The following call assumes that there are never any cleanups
     for anonymous unions--a reasonable assumption.  */
  expand_anon_union_decl (anon_union_decl, NULL_TREE, elems);
}

/* Finish processing a builtin type TYPE.  Its name is NAME,
   its fields are in the array FIELDS.  LEN is the number of elements
   in FIELDS minus one, or put another way, it is the maximum subscript
   used in FIELDS.

   It is given the same alignment as ALIGN_TYPE.  */

void
finish_builtin_type (type, name, fields, len, align_type)
     tree type;
     const char *name;
     tree fields[];
     int len;
     tree align_type;
{
  register int i;

  TYPE_FIELDS (type) = fields[0];
  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      layout_type (TREE_TYPE (fields[i]));
      DECL_FIELD_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
      TREE_CHAIN (fields[i]) = fields[i+1];
    }
  DECL_FIELD_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
  TYPE_ALIGN (type) = TYPE_ALIGN (align_type);
  layout_type (type);
#if 0 /* not yet, should get fixed properly later */
  TYPE_NAME (type) = make_type_decl (get_identifier (name), type);
#else
  TYPE_NAME (type) = build_decl (TYPE_DECL, get_identifier (name), type);
#endif
  TYPE_STUB_DECL (type) = TYPE_NAME (type);
  layout_decl (TYPE_NAME (type), 0);
}

/* Auxiliary functions to make type signatures for
   `operator new' and `operator delete' correspond to
   what compiler will be expecting.  */

tree
coerce_new_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  int e1 = 0, e2 = 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
    type = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type)));
  if (! same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (type), ptr_type_node))
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator new' must return type `void *'");

  /* Technically the type must be `size_t', but we may not know
     what that is.  */
  if (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type) == NULL_TREE)
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator new' takes type `size_t' parameter");
  else if (! same_type_p (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type)), sizetype))
    e2 = 1, error ("`operator new' takes type `size_t' as first parameter");
  if (e2)
    type = build_function_type (ptr_type_node, tree_cons (NULL_TREE, sizetype, TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type))));
  else if (e1)
    type = build_function_type (ptr_type_node, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type));
  return type;
}

tree
coerce_delete_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  int e1 = 0, e2 = 0;
#if 0
  e3 = 0;
#endif
  tree arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      type = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
      arg_types = TREE_CHAIN (arg_types);
    }

  if (TREE_TYPE (type) != void_type_node)
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator delete' must return type `void'");

  if (arg_types == NULL_TREE
      || ! same_type_p (TREE_VALUE (arg_types), ptr_type_node))
    e2 = 1, error ("`operator delete' takes type `void *' as first parameter");

#if 0
  if (arg_types
      && TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)
      && TREE_CHAIN (arg_types) != void_list_node)
    {
      /* Again, technically this argument must be `size_t', but again
	 we may not know what that is.  */
      tree t2 = TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
      if (! same_type_p (t2, sizetype))
	e3 = 1, error ("second argument to `operator delete' must be of type `size_t'");
      else if (TREE_CHAIN (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)) != void_list_node)
	{
	  e3 = 1;
	  if (TREE_CHAIN (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)))
	    error ("too many arguments in declaration of `operator delete'");
	  else
	    error ("`...' invalid in specification of `operator delete'");
	}
    }

  if (e3)
    arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
			   build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, sizetype));
  else if (e3 |= e2)
    {
      if (arg_types == NULL_TREE)
	arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node, void_list_node);
      else
	arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node, TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
    }
  else e3 |= e1;
#endif

  if (e2)
    arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
			   arg_types ? TREE_CHAIN (arg_types): NULL_TREE);
  if (e2 || e1)
    type = build_function_type (void_type_node, arg_types);

  return type;
}

extern tree abort_fndecl;

static void
mark_vtable_entries (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree entries = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (DECL_INITIAL (decl));

  for (; entries; entries = TREE_CHAIN (entries))
    {
      tree fnaddr;
      tree fn;

      fnaddr = (flag_vtable_thunks ? TREE_VALUE (entries) 
		: FNADDR_FROM_VTABLE_ENTRY (TREE_VALUE (entries)));

      if (TREE_CODE (fnaddr) == NOP_EXPR)
	/* RTTI offset.  */
	continue;

      fn = TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0);
      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (fn) = 1;
      if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (fn) && DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (fn))
	{
	  TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0) = fn = copy_node (fn);
	  DECL_RTL (fn) = DECL_RTL (abort_fndecl);
	  mark_used (abort_fndecl);
	}
      if (TREE_CODE (fn) == THUNK_DECL && DECL_EXTERNAL (fn))
	{
	  DECL_EXTERNAL (fn) = 0;
	  emit_thunk (fn);
	}
      mark_used (fn);
    }
}

/* Set DECL up to have the closest approximation of "initialized common"
   linkage available.  */

void
comdat_linkage (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (flag_weak)
    make_decl_one_only (decl);
  else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL || DECL_VIRTUAL_P (decl))
    /* We can just emit functions and vtables statically; it doesn't really
       matter if we have multiple copies.  */
    TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 0;
  else
    {
      /* Static data member template instantiations, however, cannot
	 have multiple copies.  */
      if (DECL_INITIAL (decl) == 0
	  || DECL_INITIAL (decl) == error_mark_node)
	DECL_COMMON (decl) = 1;
      else if (EMPTY_CONSTRUCTOR_P (DECL_INITIAL (decl)))
	{
	  DECL_COMMON (decl) = 1;
	  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We can't do anything useful; leave vars for explicit
	     instantiation.  */
	  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
	  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 0;
	}
    }

  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
    DECL_COMDAT (decl) = 1;
}

/* For win32 we also want to put explicit instantiations in
   linkonce sections, so that they will be merged with implicit
   instantiations; otherwise we get duplicate symbol errors.  */

void
maybe_make_one_only (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  /* This is not necessary on targets that support weak symbols, because
     the implicit instantiations will defer to the explicit one.  */     
  if (! supports_one_only () || SUPPORTS_WEAK)
    return;

  /* We can't set DECL_COMDAT on functions, or finish_file will think
     we can get away with not emitting them if they aren't used.  We need
     to for variables so that cp_finish_decl will update their linkage,
     because their DECL_INITIAL may not have been set properly yet.  */

  make_decl_one_only (decl);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
    DECL_COMDAT (decl) = 1;
}

/* Set TREE_PUBLIC and/or DECL_EXTERN on the vtable DECL,
   based on TYPE and other static flags.

   Note that anything public is tagged TREE_PUBLIC, whether
   it's public in this file or in another one.  */

void
import_export_vtable (decl, type, final)
     tree decl, type;
     int final;
{
  if (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl))
    return;

#ifdef MARK_VTABLE_COALESCED
  MARK_VTABLE_COALESCED (decl);
#endif

  if (TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
    {
      TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
      DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
    }
  else if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (type))
    {
      TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = ! CLASSTYPE_VTABLE_NEEDS_WRITING (type);
      DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      /* We can only wait to decide if we have real non-inline virtual
	 functions in our class, or if we come from a template.  */

      int found = CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (type);

      if (! found && ! final)
	{
	  tree method;
	  for (method = TYPE_METHODS (type); method != NULL_TREE;
	       method = TREE_CHAIN (method))
	    if (DECL_VINDEX (method) != NULL_TREE
		&& ! DECL_THIS_INLINE (method)
		&& ! DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (method))
	      {
		found = 1;
		break;
	      }
	}

      if (final || ! found)
	{
	  comdat_linkage (decl);
	  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
	  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
	}
    }
}

/* Determine whether or not we want to specifically import or export CTYPE,
   using various heuristics.  */

void
import_export_class (ctype)
     tree ctype;
{
  /* -1 for imported, 1 for exported.  */
  int import_export = 0;

  if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype))
    return;

  /* If MULTIPLE_SYMBOL_SPACES is defined and we saw a #pragma interface,
     we will have CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY set but not
     CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN.  In that case, we don't want to use this
     heuristic because someone will supply a #pragma implementation
     elsewhere, and deducing it here would produce a conflict.  */
  if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype))
    return;

#ifdef VALID_MACHINE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE
  /* FIXME this should really use some sort of target-independent macro.  */
  if (lookup_attribute ("dllimport", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (ctype)))
    import_export = -1;
  else if (lookup_attribute ("dllexport", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (ctype)))
    import_export = 1;
#endif

  /* If we got -fno-implicit-templates, we import template classes that
     weren't explicitly instantiated.  */
  if (import_export == 0
      && CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (ctype)
#ifdef COALESCING_TEMPLATES_P
      && ! COALESCING_TEMPLATES_P (ctype)
#endif
      && ! flag_implicit_templates)
    import_export = -1;

  /* Base our import/export status on that of the first non-inline,
     non-abstract virtual function, if any.  */
  if (import_export == 0
      && TYPE_VIRTUAL_P (ctype)
      && ! CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (ctype))
    {
      tree method;
      for (method = TYPE_METHODS (ctype); method != NULL_TREE;
	   method = TREE_CHAIN (method))
	{
	  if (DECL_VINDEX (method) != NULL_TREE
	      && !DECL_THIS_INLINE (method)
	      && !DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (method))
	    {
	      import_export = (DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (method) ? -1 : 1);
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }

#ifdef MULTIPLE_SYMBOL_SPACES
  if (import_export == -1)
    import_export = 0;
#endif

  if (import_export)
    {
      SET_CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype);
      CLASSTYPE_VTABLE_NEEDS_WRITING (ctype) = (import_export > 0);
      CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype) = (import_export < 0);
    }
}
    
/* We need to describe to the assembler the relationship between
   a vtable and the vtable of the parent class.  */

static void
output_vtable_inherit (vars)
     tree vars;
{
  tree parent;
  rtx op[2];

  op[0] = XEXP (DECL_RTL (vars), 0);	  /* strip the mem ref  */

  parent = binfo_for_vtable (vars);

  if (parent == TYPE_BINFO (DECL_CONTEXT (vars)))
    op[1] = const0_rtx;
  else if (parent)
    {
      parent = TYPE_BINFO_VTABLE (BINFO_TYPE (parent));
      op[1] = XEXP (DECL_RTL (parent), 0);  /* strip the mem ref  */
    }
  else
    my_friendly_abort (980826);

  output_asm_insn (".vtable_inherit %c0, %c1", op);
}

static int
finish_vtable_vardecl (t, data)
     tree *t;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  tree vars = *t;
  tree ctype = DECL_CONTEXT (vars);
  import_export_class (ctype);
  import_export_vtable (vars, ctype, 1);

  if (! DECL_EXTERNAL (vars)
      && (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (vars) 
	  || TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (vars))
	  || (hack_decl_function_context (vars) && TREE_USED (vars)))
      && ! TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (vars))
    {
      /* Write it out.  */
      mark_vtable_entries (vars);
      if (TREE_TYPE (DECL_INITIAL (vars)) == 0)
	store_init_value (vars, DECL_INITIAL (vars));

      if (write_symbols == DWARF_DEBUG || write_symbols == DWARF2_DEBUG)
	{
	  /* Mark the VAR_DECL node representing the vtable itself as a
	     "gratuitous" one, thereby forcing dwarfout.c to ignore it.
	     It is rather important that such things be ignored because
	     any effort to actually generate DWARF for them will run
	     into trouble when/if we encounter code like:

		#pragma interface
		struct S { virtual void member (); };

	      because the artificial declaration of the vtable itself (as
	      manufactured by the g++ front end) will say that the vtable
	      is a static member of `S' but only *after* the debug output
	      for the definition of `S' has already been output.  This causes
	      grief because the DWARF entry for the definition of the vtable
	      will try to refer back to an earlier *declaration* of the
	      vtable as a static member of `S' and there won't be one.
	      We might be able to arrange to have the "vtable static member"
	      attached to the member list for `S' before the debug info for
	      `S' get written (which would solve the problem) but that would
	      require more intrusive changes to the g++ front end.  */

	  DECL_IGNORED_P (vars) = 1;
	}

      /* Always make vtables weak.  */
      if (flag_weak)
	comdat_linkage (vars);

#ifdef MARK_STATIC_VTABLE_COALESCED 
      MARK_STATIC_VTABLE_COALESCED (vars);
#endif
      rest_of_decl_compilation (vars, NULL_PTR, 1, 1);

      if (flag_vtable_gc)
	output_vtable_inherit (vars);

      return 1;
    }
  else if (! TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (vars)))
    /* We don't know what to do with this one yet.  */
    return 0;

  *t = TREE_CHAIN (vars);
  return 0;
}

static int
prune_vtable_vardecl (t, data)
     tree *t;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  *t = TREE_CHAIN (*t);
  return 1;
}

static int
finish_sigtable_vardecl (t, data)
     tree *t;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  /* We don't need to mark sigtable entries as addressable here as is done
     for vtables.  Since sigtables, unlike vtables, are always written out,
     that was already done in build_signature_table_constructor.  */

  rest_of_decl_compilation (*t, NULL_PTR, 1, 1);
  *t = TREE_CHAIN (*t);
  return 1;
}

/* Determines the proper settings of TREE_PUBLIC and DECL_EXTERNAL for an
   inline function or template instantiation at end-of-file.  */

void
import_export_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl))
    return;

  if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl)
      || DECL_FRIEND_PSEUDO_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl))
    {
      DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 1;
      if ((DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
	   || DECL_FRIEND_PSEUDO_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl))
#ifdef COALESCING_TEMPLATES_P
	  && ((flag_implicit_templates || COALESCING_TEMPLATES_P (decl))
#else
	  && (flag_implicit_templates
#endif
	      || (flag_implicit_inline_templates && DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl))))
	{
	  if (!TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
	    /* Templates are allowed to have internal linkage.  See 
	       [basic.link].  */
	    ;
	  else
	    comdat_linkage (decl);
	}
      else
	DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 0;

#ifdef MARK_TEMPLATE_COALESCED
      /* Global template functions are good candidates for coalescing.  */
      if (TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
	MARK_TEMPLATE_COALESCED (decl);
#endif
    }
  else if (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (decl))
    {
      tree ctype = DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl);
      import_export_class (ctype);
      if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype)
	  && (! DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) || DECL_VINDEX (decl)))
	{
	  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
	    = ! (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype)
		 || (DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl) && ! flag_implement_inlines
		     && !DECL_VINDEX (decl)));

#ifdef MARK_ARTIFICIAL_MEMBER_COALESCED
	  if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl))
	    MARK_ARTIFICIAL_MEMBER_COALESCED (decl);
#endif
	  /* Always make artificials weak.  */
	  if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && flag_weak)
	    comdat_linkage (decl);
	  else
	    maybe_make_one_only (decl);
	}
      else
	comdat_linkage (decl);
    }
  else if (DECL_TINFO_FN_P (decl))
    {
      tree ctype = TREE_TYPE (DECL_NAME (decl));

      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (ctype))
	import_export_class (ctype);

#ifdef MARK_RTTI_FUNC_COALESCED
      MARK_RTTI_FUNC_COALESCED (decl);
#endif

      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (ctype) && CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype)
	  && TYPE_VIRTUAL_P (ctype)
	  /* If the type is a cv-qualified variant of a type, then we
	     must emit the tinfo function in this translation unit
	     since it will not be emitted when the vtable for the type
	     is output (which is when the unqualified version is
	     generated).  */
	  && same_type_p (ctype, TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ctype)))
	{
	  DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
	    = ! (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype)
		 || (DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl) && ! flag_implement_inlines
		     && !DECL_VINDEX (decl)));

	  /* Always make artificials weak.  */
	  if (flag_weak)
	    comdat_linkage (decl);
	}
      else if (TYPE_BUILT_IN (ctype) 
	       && same_type_p (ctype, TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ctype)))
	DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 0;
      else
	comdat_linkage (decl);
    } 
  else
    comdat_linkage (decl);

  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
}

tree
build_cleanup (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree temp;
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    temp = decl;
  else
    {
      mark_addressable (decl);
      temp = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (type), decl);
    }
  temp = build_delete (TREE_TYPE (temp), temp,
		       integer_two_node,
		       LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR, 0);
  return temp;
}

extern int parse_time, varconst_time;

static tree
get_sentry (base)
     tree base;
{
  tree sname = get_id_2 ("__sn", base);
  /* For struct X foo __attribute__((weak)), there is a counter
     __snfoo. Since base is already an assembler name, sname should
     be globally unique */
  tree sentry = IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (sname);
  if (! sentry)
    {
      push_obstacks_nochange ();
      end_temporary_allocation ();
      sentry = build_decl (VAR_DECL, sname, integer_type_node);
      TREE_PUBLIC (sentry) = 1;
      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (sentry) = 1;
      TREE_STATIC (sentry) = 1;
      TREE_USED (sentry) = 1;
      DECL_COMMON (sentry) = 1;
      pushdecl_top_level (sentry);
      cp_finish_decl (sentry, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
      pop_obstacks ();
    }
  return sentry;
}

/* Start the process of running a particular set of global constructors
   or destructors.  Subroutine of do_[cd]tors.  */

static void
start_objects (method_type, initp)
     int method_type, initp;
{
  tree fnname;
  char type[10];

  /* Make ctor or dtor function.  METHOD_TYPE may be 'I' or 'D'.  */

  if (initp != DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY)
    {
      char joiner;

#ifdef JOINER
      joiner = JOINER;
#else
      joiner = '_';
#endif

      sprintf (type, "%c%c%.5u", method_type, joiner, initp);
    }
  else
    sprintf (type, "%c", method_type);

  fnname = get_file_function_name_long (type);

  start_function (void_list_node,
		  make_call_declarator (fnname, void_list_node, NULL_TREE,
					NULL_TREE),
		  NULL_TREE, 0);

#if defined(ASM_OUTPUT_CONSTRUCTOR) && defined(ASM_OUTPUT_DESTRUCTOR)
  /* It can be a static function as long as collect2 does not have
     to scan the object file to find its ctor/dtor routine.  */
  TREE_PUBLIC (current_function_decl) = 0;
#endif

  store_parm_decls ();
  pushlevel (0);
  clear_last_expr ();
  push_momentary ();
  expand_start_bindings (0);

  /* We cannot allow these functions to be elided, even if they do not
     have external linkage.  And, there's no point in deferring
     copmilation of thes functions; they're all going to have to be
     out anyhow.  */
  current_function_cannot_inline
    = "static constructors and destructors cannot be inlined";
}

/* Finish the process of running a particular set of global constructors
   or destructors.  Subroutine of do_[cd]tors.  */

static void
finish_objects (method_type, initp)
     int method_type, initp;
{
  char *fnname = XSTR (XEXP (DECL_RTL (current_function_decl), 0), 0);

  /* Finish up. */
  expand_end_bindings (getdecls (), 1, 0);
  poplevel (1, 0, 0);
  pop_momentary ();
  finish_function (lineno, 0, 0);

  if (flag_syntax_only)
    return;

  if (initp == DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY)
    {
      if (method_type == 'I')
	assemble_constructor (fnname);
      else
	assemble_destructor (fnname);
    }

#if defined (ASM_OUTPUT_SECTION_NAME) && defined (ASM_OUTPUT_CONSTRUCTOR)
  /* If we're using init priority we can't use assemble_*tor, but on ELF
     targets we can stick the references into named sections for GNU ld
     to collect.  */
  else
    {
      char buf[15];
      sprintf (buf, ".%ctors.%.5u", method_type == 'I' ? 'c' : 'd',
	       /* invert the numbering so the linker puts us in the proper
		  order; constructors are run from right to left, and the
		  linker sorts in increasing order.  */
	       MAX_INIT_PRIORITY - initp);
      named_section (NULL_TREE, buf, 0);
      assemble_integer (gen_rtx_SYMBOL_REF (Pmode, fnname),
			POINTER_SIZE / BITS_PER_UNIT, 1);
    }
#endif
}

/* The names of the parameters to the function created to handle
   initializations and destructions for objects with static storage
   duration.  */
#define INITIALIZE_P_IDENTIFIER "__initialize_p"
#define PRIORITY_IDENTIFIER "__priority"

/* The name of the function we create to handle initializations and
   destructions for objects with static storage duration.  */
#define SSDF_IDENTIFIER "__static_initialization_and_destruction"

/* The declaration for the __INITIALIZE_P argument.  */
static tree initialize_p_decl;

/* The declaration for the __PRIORITY argument.  */
static tree priority_decl;

/* The declaration for the static storage duration function.  */
static tree ssdf_decl;

/* All the static storage duration functions created in this
   translation unit.  */
static varray_type ssdf_decls;
static size_t ssdf_decls_used;

/* A map from priority levels to information about that priority
   level.  There may be many such levels, so efficient lookup is
   important.  */
static splay_tree priority_info_map;

/* Begins the generation of the function that will handle all
   initialization and destruction of objects with static storage
   duration.  The function generated takes two parameters of type
   `int': __INITIALIZE_P and __PRIORITY.  If __INITIALIZE_P is
   non-zero, it performs initializations.  Otherwise, it performs
   destructions.  It only performs those initializations or
   destructions with the indicated __PRIORITY.  The generated function
   returns no value.  

   It is assumed that this function will only be called once per
   translation unit.  */

static void
start_static_storage_duration_function ()
{
  static unsigned ssdf_number;

  tree parm_types;
  tree type;
  char id[sizeof (SSDF_IDENTIFIER) + 1 /* '\0' */ + 32];

  /* Create the identifier for this function.  It will be of the form
     SSDF_IDENTIFIER_<number>.  */
  sprintf (id, "%s_%u", SSDF_IDENTIFIER, ssdf_number++);
  if (ssdf_number == 0)
    {
      /* Overflow occurred.  That means there are at least 4 billion
	 initialization functions.  */
      sorry ("too many initialization functions required");
      my_friendly_abort (19990430);
    }

  /* Create the parameters.  */
  parm_types = void_list_node;
  parm_types = perm_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, integer_type_node, parm_types);
  parm_types = perm_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, integer_type_node, parm_types);
  type = build_function_type (void_type_node, parm_types);

  /* Create the FUNCTION_DECL itself.  */
  ssdf_decl = build_lang_decl (FUNCTION_DECL, 
			       get_identifier (id),
			       type);
  TREE_PUBLIC (ssdf_decl) = 0;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (ssdf_decl) = 1;
#ifdef DECL_MARK_INIT_SEGMENT
  DECL_MARK_INIT_SEGMENT (ssdf_decl);
#endif
  /* Put this function in the list of functions to be called from the
     static constructors and destructors.  */
  if (!ssdf_decls)
    {
      VARRAY_TREE_INIT (ssdf_decls, 32, "ssdf_decls");

      /* Take this opportunity to initialize the map from priority
	 numbers to information about that priority level. */
      priority_info_map = splay_tree_new (splay_tree_compare_ints,
					  /*delete_key_fn=*/0,
					  /*delete_value_fn=*/
					  (splay_tree_delete_value_fn) &free);

      /* We always need to generate functions for the
	 DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY so enter it now.  That way when we walk
	 priorities later, we'll be sure to find the
	 DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY.  */
      get_priority_info (DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY);
    }

  if (ssdf_decls_used == ssdf_decls->num_elements)
    VARRAY_GROW (ssdf_decls, 2 * ssdf_decls_used);
  VARRAY_TREE (ssdf_decls, ssdf_decls_used) = ssdf_decl;
  ++ssdf_decls_used;

  /* Create the argument list.  */
  initialize_p_decl = build_decl (PARM_DECL,
				  get_identifier (INITIALIZE_P_IDENTIFIER),
				  integer_type_node);
  DECL_CONTEXT (initialize_p_decl) = ssdf_decl;
  DECL_ARG_TYPE (initialize_p_decl) = integer_type_node;
  TREE_USED (initialize_p_decl) = 1;
  priority_decl = build_decl (PARM_DECL, get_identifier (PRIORITY_IDENTIFIER),
			      integer_type_node);
  DECL_CONTEXT (priority_decl) = ssdf_decl;
  DECL_ARG_TYPE (priority_decl) = integer_type_node;
  TREE_USED (priority_decl) = 1;

  TREE_CHAIN (initialize_p_decl) = priority_decl;
  DECL_ARGUMENTS (ssdf_decl) = initialize_p_decl;

  /* Start the function itself.  This is equivalent to declarating the
     function as:

       static void __ssdf (int __initialize_p, init __priority_p);
       
     It is static because we only need to call this function from the
     various constructor and destructor functions for this module.  */
  start_function (/*specs=*/NULL_TREE, 
		  ssdf_decl,
		  /*attrs=*/NULL_TREE,
		  /*pre_parsed_p=*/1);

  /* Set up the scope of the outermost block in the function.  */
  store_parm_decls ();
  pushlevel (0);
  clear_last_expr ();
  push_momentary ();
  expand_start_bindings (0);

  /* This function must not be deferred because we are depending on
     its compilation to tell us what is TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED.  */
  current_function_cannot_inline 
    = "static storage duration functions cannot be inlined";
}

/* Generate the initialization code for the priority indicated in N.  */

static int
generate_inits_for_priority (n, data)
     splay_tree_node n;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  int priority = (int) n->key;
  priority_info pi = (priority_info) n->value;

  /* For each priority N which has been used generate code which looks
     like:

       if (__priority == N) {
         if (__initialize_p)
	   ...
	 else
	   ...
       }

     We use the sequences we've accumulated to fill in the `...'s.  */
  expand_start_cond (build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR,
				      priority_decl,
				      build_int_2 (priority, 0)),
		     /*exit_flag=*/0);

  /* Do the initializations.  */
  expand_start_cond (build_binary_op (NE_EXPR,
				      initialize_p_decl,
				      integer_zero_node),
		     /*exit_flag=*/0);
  if (pi->initialization_sequence) 
    {
      rtx insns;

      push_to_sequence (pi->initialization_sequence);
      insns = gen_sequence ();
      end_sequence ();

      emit_insn (insns);
      pi->initialization_sequence = NULL_RTX;
      pi->initializations_p = 1;
    }

  /* Do the destructions.  */
  expand_start_else ();
  if (pi->destruction_sequence)
    {
      rtx insns;

      push_to_sequence (pi->destruction_sequence);
      insns = gen_sequence ();
      end_sequence ();

      emit_insn (insns);
      pi->destruction_sequence = NULL_RTX;
      pi->destructions_p = 1;
    }
  
  /* Close out the conditionals.  */
  expand_end_cond ();
  expand_end_cond ();

  /* Don't stop iterating.  */
  return 0;
}

/* Finish the generation of the function which performs initialization
   and destruction of objects with static storage duration.  After
   this point, no more such objects can be created.  */

static void
finish_static_storage_duration_function ()
{
  splay_tree_foreach (priority_info_map, 
		      generate_inits_for_priority,
		      /*data=*/0);

  /* Close out the function.  */
  expand_end_bindings (getdecls (), 1, 0);
  poplevel (1, 0, 0);
  pop_momentary ();
  finish_function (lineno, 0, 0);
}

/* Return the information about the indicated PRIORITY level.  If no
   code to handle this level has yet been generated, generate the
   appropriate prologue.  */

static priority_info
get_priority_info (priority)
     int priority;
{
  priority_info pi;
  splay_tree_node n;

  n = splay_tree_lookup (priority_info_map, 
			 (splay_tree_key) priority);
  if (!n)
    {
      /* Create a new priority information structure, and insert it
	 into the map.  */
      pi = (priority_info) xmalloc (sizeof (struct priority_info_s));
      pi->initialization_sequence = NULL_RTX;
      pi->destruction_sequence = NULL_RTX;
      pi->initializations_p = 0;
      pi->destructions_p = 0;
      splay_tree_insert (priority_info_map,
			 (splay_tree_key) priority,
			 (splay_tree_value) pi);
    }
  else
    pi = (priority_info) n->value;

  return pi;
}

/* Generate code to do the static initialization of DECL.  The
   initialization is INIT.  If DECL may be initialized more than once
   in different object files, SENTRY is the guard variable to 
   check.  PRIORITY is the priority for the initialization.  */

static void
do_static_initialization (decl, init, sentry, priority)
     tree decl;
     tree init;
     tree sentry;
     int priority;
{
  priority_info pi;

#ifdef NEXT_SEMANTICS
  /* Avoid generating useless init code for objects that don't need it.  */
  if (init == 0 && IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))
      && ! TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
    return;
#endif

  /* Get the priority information for this PRIORITY,  */
  pi = get_priority_info (priority);
  if (!pi->initialization_sequence)
    start_sequence ();
  else
    push_to_sequence (pi->initialization_sequence);

  /* Tell the debugger that we are at the location of the static
     variable in question.  */
  emit_note (input_filename, lineno);

  /* If there's a SENTRY, we only do the initialization if it is
     zero, i.e., if we are the first to initialize it.  */
  if (sentry) 
    expand_start_cond (build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, 
					build_unary_op (PREINCREMENT_EXPR,
							sentry,
							/*noconvert=*/0),
					integer_one_node),
		       /*exit_flag=*/0);
  
  /* Prepare a binding level for temporaries created during the
     initialization.  */
  expand_start_target_temps ();

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))
      || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    expand_aggr_init (decl, init, 0);
  else if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_VEC)
    expand_expr (expand_vec_init (decl, TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 0),
				  TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 1),
				  TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 2), 0),
		 const0_rtx, VOIDmode, EXPAND_NORMAL);
  else
    expand_assignment (decl, init, 0, 0);
  
  /* The expression might have involved increments and decrements.  */
  emit_queue ();

  /* Cleanup any temporaries needed for the initial value.  */
  expand_end_target_temps ();

  /* Cleanup any deferred pops from function calls.  This would be done
     by expand_end_cond, but we also need it when !SENTRY, since we are
     constructing these sequences by parts.  */
  do_pending_stack_adjust ();

  /* Close the conditional opened above.  */
  if (sentry)
    expand_end_cond ();

  /* Save the sequence for later use.  */
  pi->initialization_sequence = get_insns ();
  end_sequence ();
}

/* Generate code to do the static destruction of DECL.  If DECL may be
   initialized more than once in different object files, SENTRY is the
   guard variable to check.  PRIORITY is the priority for the
   destruction.  */

static void
do_static_destruction (decl, sentry, priority)
     tree decl;
     tree sentry;
     int priority;
{
  rtx new_insns;
  priority_info pi;

  /* If we don't need a destructor, there's nothing to do.  */
  if (!TYPE_NEEDS_DESTRUCTOR (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
    return;
    
  /* Get the priority information for this PRIORITY,  */
  pi = get_priority_info (priority);
  if (!pi->destruction_sequence)
    start_sequence ();
  else
    push_to_sequence (pi->destruction_sequence);

  /* Start a new sequence to handle just this destruction.  */
  start_sequence ();

  /* Tell the debugger that we are at the location of the static
     variable in question.  */
  emit_note (input_filename, lineno);
  
  /* If there's a SENTRY, we only do the destruction if it is one,
     i.e., if we are the last to destroy it.  */
  if (sentry)
    expand_start_cond (build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR,
					build_unary_op (PREDECREMENT_EXPR,
							sentry,
							/*nonconvert=*/1),
					integer_zero_node),
		       /*exit_flag=*/0);
  
  /* Actually to the destruction.  */
  expand_expr_stmt (build_cleanup (decl));

  /* Cleanup any deferred pops from function calls.  This would be done
     by expand_end_cond, but we also need it when !SENTRY, since we are
     constructing these sequences by parts.  */
  do_pending_stack_adjust ();

  /* Close the conditional opened above.  */
  if (sentry)
    expand_end_cond ();

  /* Insert the NEW_INSNS before the current insns.  (Destructions are
     run in reverse order of initializations.)  */
  new_insns = gen_sequence ();
  end_sequence ();
  if (pi->destruction_sequence)
    emit_insn_before (new_insns, pi->destruction_sequence);
  else
    emit_insn (new_insns);

  /* Save the sequence for later use.  */
  pi->destruction_sequence = get_insns ();
  end_sequence ();
}

/* Add code to the static storage duration function that will handle
   DECL (a static variable that needs initializing and/or destruction)
   with the indicated PRIORITY.  If DECL needs initializing, INIT is
   the initializer.  */

static void
do_static_initialization_and_destruction (decl, init)
     tree decl;
     tree init;
{
  tree sentry = NULL_TREE;
  int priority;

  /* Deal gracefully with error.  */
  if (decl == error_mark_node)
    return;

  /* The only things that can be initialized are variables.  */
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL, 19990420);

  /* If this object is not defined, we don't need to do anything 
     here.  */ 
  if (DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
    return;

  /* Also, if the initializer already contains errors, we can bail out
     now.  */
  if (init && TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST 
      && value_member (error_mark_node, init))
    return;

  /* Trick the compiler into thinking we are at the file and line
     where DECL was declared so that error-messages make sense, and so
     that the debugger will show somewhat sensible file and line
     information.  */
  input_filename = DECL_SOURCE_FILE (decl);
  lineno = DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl);

  /* Because of:

       [class.access.spec]

       Access control for implicit calls to the constructors,
       the conversion functions, or the destructor called to
       create and destroy a static data member is performed as
       if these calls appeared in the scope of the member's
       class.  

     we pretend we are in a static member function of the class of
     which the DECL is a member.  */
  if (member_p (decl))
    {
      DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl) = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
      DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 1;
    }
  
  /* We need a sentry if this is an object with external linkage that
     might be initialized in more than one place.  */
  if (TREE_PUBLIC (decl) && (DECL_COMMON (decl) 
			     || DECL_ONE_ONLY (decl)
			     || DECL_WEAK (decl)))
    sentry = get_sentry (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl));

  /* Generate the code to actually do the intialization and
     destruction.  */
  priority = DECL_INIT_PRIORITY (decl);
  if (!priority)
    priority = DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY;
  do_static_initialization (decl, init, sentry, priority);
  do_static_destruction (decl, sentry, priority);

  /* Now that we're done with DECL we don't need to pretend to be a
     member of its class any longer.  */
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl) = NULL_TREE;
  DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 0;
}

/* Generate a static constructor (if CONSTRUCTOR_P) or destructor
   (otherwise) that will initialize all gobal objects with static
   storage duration having the indicated PRIORITY.  */

static void
generate_ctor_or_dtor_function (constructor_p, priority)
     int constructor_p;
     int priority;
{
  char function_key;
  tree arguments;
  size_t i;
#if defined(NEXT_SEMANTICS) && !defined(MACOSX)
  static tree queued_destructor_fn = 0;
#endif

  /* We use `I' to indicate initialization and `D' to indicate
     destruction.  */
  if (constructor_p)
    function_key = 'I';
  else
    function_key = 'D';

  /* Begin the function.  */
  start_objects (function_key, priority);

#if defined(NEXT_SEMANTICS) && !defined(MACOSX)
  /* If this is a destructor, remember it for atexit queueing by the
     subsequent constructor.  $$$ WHAT IF THERE'S NO SUCH CONSTRUCTOR???  */

  if (! constructor_p)
    queued_destructor_fn = current_function_decl;
#endif

  /* Call the static storage duration function with appropriate
     arguments.  */
  for (i = 0; i < ssdf_decls_used; ++i) 
    {
      arguments = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, build_int_2 (priority, 0), 
			     NULL_TREE);
      arguments = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, build_int_2 (constructor_p, 0),
			     arguments);
      expand_expr_stmt (build_function_call (VARRAY_TREE (ssdf_decls, i),
					     arguments));
    }

  /* If we're generating code for the DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY, throw in
     calls to any functions marked with attributes indicating that
     they should be called at initialization- or destruction-time.  */
  if (priority == DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY)
    {
      tree fns;
      
      for (fns = constructor_p ? static_ctors : static_dtors; 
	   fns;
	   fns = TREE_CHAIN (fns))
	expand_expr_stmt (build_function_call (TREE_VALUE (fns), NULL_TREE));
    }

#if defined(NEXT_SEMANTICS) && !defined(MACOSX)
  /* If this is a constructor, and there's a queued destructor function,
     generate a call to atexit calling said queued destructor function. 

     NOTE THAT THIS MIGHT HAVE INCORRECT SEMANTICS AS IT'S COARSE-GRAINED
     i.e., destructors are not queued on a per-object basis: everything
     gets constructed, and then the destructor for everything is queued.  */

  if (constructor_p && DYNAMIC_DESTRUCTORS && queued_destructor_fn)
    {
      /* As the last action in the constructor-caller, make it call
	 atexit to schedule the call of the corresponding dtor-caller.
	 Note that the compiler has already generated the dtor-caller
	 by the time we're here doing the ctor-caller.  */
      CALL_DESTRUCTOR_DYNAMICALLY (queued_destructor_fn);
      queued_destructor_fn = 0;
    }
#endif /* NEXT_SEMANTICS && !MACOSX */

#ifdef DECL_MARK_INIT_SEGMENT
  DECL_MARK_INIT_SEGMENT (current_function_decl);
#endif
  /* Close out the function.  */
  finish_objects (function_key, priority);
}

/* Generate constructor and destructor functions for the priority
   indicated by N.  */

static int
generate_ctor_and_dtor_functions_for_priority (n, data)
     splay_tree_node n;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  int priority = (int) n->key;
  priority_info pi = (priority_info) n->value;

  /* Generate the functions themselves, but only if they are really
     needed.  */
  if (pi->destructions_p
      || (priority == DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY && static_dtors))
    generate_ctor_or_dtor_function (/*constructor_p=*/0,
				    priority);
  if (pi->initializations_p
      || (priority == DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY && static_ctors))
    generate_ctor_or_dtor_function (/*constructor_p=*/1,
				    priority);

  /* Keep iterating.  */
  return 0;
}

/* This routine is called from the last rule in yyparse ().
   Its job is to create all the code needed to initialize and
   destroy the global aggregates.  We do the destruction
   first, since that way we only need to reverse the decls once.  */

void
finish_file ()
{
  extern int lineno;
  int start_time, this_time;
  tree vars;
  int reconsider;
  size_t i;

  at_eof = 1;

  /* Bad parse errors.  Just forget about it.  */
  if (! global_bindings_p () || current_class_type || decl_namespace_list)
    return;

  /* If no code generation expected then quit.  */
  if (flag_syntax_only)
    return;

  start_time = get_run_time ();

  /* Otherwise, GDB can get confused, because in only knows
     about source for LINENO-1 lines.  */
  lineno -= 1;

  interface_unknown = 1;
  interface_only = 0;

  /* We now have to write out all the stuff we put off writing out.
     These include:
       o Template specializations that we have not yet instantiated,
         but which are needed.
       o Initialization and destruction for non-local objects with
         static storage duration.  (Local objects with static storage
	 duration are initialized when their scope is first entered,
	 and are cleaned up via atexit.)
       o Virtual function tables.  

     All of these may cause others to be needed.  For example,
     instantiating one function may cause another to be needed, and
     generating the intiailzer for an object may cause templates to be
     instantiated, etc., etc.  */

  this_time = get_run_time ();
  parse_time -= this_time - start_time;
  varconst_time += this_time - start_time;
  start_time = get_run_time ();
  permanent_allocation (1);

  do 
    {
      /* Non-zero if we need a static storage duration function on
	 this iteration through the loop.  */
      int need_ssdf_p = 0;

      reconsider = 0;

      /* If there are templates that we've put off instantiating, do
	 them now.  */
      instantiate_pending_templates ();

      /* Write out signature-tables and virtual tables as required.
	 Note that writing out the virtual table for a template class
	 may cause the instantiation of members of that class.  */
      if (flag_handle_signatures
	  && walk_globals (sigtable_decl_p,
			   finish_sigtable_vardecl,
			   /*data=*/0))
	reconsider = 1;
      if (walk_globals (vtable_decl_p,
			finish_vtable_vardecl,
			/*data=*/0))
	reconsider = 1;
      
      /* The list of objects with static storage duration is built up
	 in reverse order, so we reverse it here.  We also clear
	 STATIC_AGGREGATES so that any new aggregates added during the
	 initialization of these will be initialized in the correct
	 order when we next come around the loop.  */
      vars = nreverse (static_aggregates);
      static_aggregates = NULL_TREE;
      while (vars)
	{
	  tree thisvar = TREE_VALUE (vars);

#ifdef IS_UNUSED_STATIC_AGGREGATE_P
	  if (IS_UNUSED_STATIC_AGGREGATE_P (thisvar))
	    goto go_next;
#endif

	  if (! TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (thisvar))
	    rest_of_decl_compilation (thisvar, 0, 1, 1);
	  if (!need_ssdf_p)
	    {
	      /* We need to start a new initialization function each
		 time through the loop.  That's because we need to
		 know which vtables have been referenced, and
		 TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED isn't computed until a
		 function is finished, and written out.  That's a
		 deficiency in the back-end.  When this is fixed,
		 these initialization functions could all become
		 inline, with resulting performance improvements.  */
	      start_static_storage_duration_function ();
	      need_ssdf_p = 1;
	    }

	  do_static_initialization_and_destruction (thisvar,
						    TREE_PURPOSE (vars));
	  reconsider = 1;
go_next:
	  vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars);
	}
      
      /* Finish up the static storage duration function for this
         round.  */
      if (need_ssdf_p)
	finish_static_storage_duration_function ();

      /* Go through the various inline functions, and see if any need
	 synthesizing.  */
      for (i = 0; i < saved_inlines_used; ++i)
	{
	  tree decl = VARRAY_TREE (saved_inlines, i);
	  import_export_decl (decl);
	  if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && ! DECL_INITIAL (decl)
	      && TREE_USED (decl)
	      && (! DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) || DECL_INLINE (decl)))
	    {
	      /* Even though we're already at the top-level, we push
		 there again.  That way, when we pop back a few lines
		 hence, all of our state is restored.  Otherwise,
		 finish_function doesn't clean things up, and we end
		 up with CURRENT_FUNCTION_DECL set.  */
	      push_to_top_level ();
	      if (DECL_TINFO_FN_P (decl))
		synthesize_tinfo_fn (decl);
	      else
		synthesize_method (decl);
	      pop_from_top_level ();
	      reconsider = 1;
	    }
	}

      /* Mark all functions that might deal with exception-handling as
	 referenced.  */
      mark_all_runtime_matches ();

      /* We lie to the back-end, pretending that some functions are
	 not defined when they really are.  This keeps these functions
	 from being put out unncessarily.  But, we must stop lying
	 when the functions are referenced, or if they are not comdat
	 since they need to be put out now.  */
      for (i = 0; i < saved_inlines_used; ++i)
	{
	  tree decl = VARRAY_TREE (saved_inlines, i);
      
	  if (DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
	      && DECL_INITIAL (decl)
	      && (TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl))
		  || !DECL_COMDAT (decl)))
	    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
	}

      if (saved_inlines_used
	  && wrapup_global_declarations (&VARRAY_TREE (saved_inlines, 0),
					 saved_inlines_used))
	reconsider = 1;
      if (walk_namespaces (wrapup_globals_for_namespace, /*data=*/0))
	reconsider = 1;

      /* Static data members are just like namespace-scope globals.  */
      for (i = 0; i < pending_statics_used; ++i) 
	{
	  tree decl = VARRAY_TREE (pending_statics, i);
	  if (TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (decl))
	    continue;
	  import_export_decl (decl);
#ifdef NEXT_SEMANTICS
	  /* if (dynamic code gen) then we can't have any commons... */
	  if (flag_pic)
	    DECL_COMMON (decl) = 0;
#endif

	  if (DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) && ! DECL_IN_AGGR_P (decl))
	    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
	}
      if (pending_statics
	  && wrapup_global_declarations (&VARRAY_TREE (pending_statics, 0),
					 pending_statics_used))
	reconsider = 1;
    } 
  while (reconsider);

  /* We give C linkage to static constructors and destructors.  */
  push_lang_context (lang_name_c);

  /* Generate initialization and destruction functions for all
     priorities for which they are required.  */
  if (priority_info_map)
    splay_tree_foreach (priority_info_map, 
			generate_ctor_and_dtor_functions_for_priority,
			/*data=*/0);

  /* We're done with the splay-tree now.  */
  if (priority_info_map)
    splay_tree_delete (priority_info_map);

  /* We're done with static constructors, so we can go back to "C++"
     linkage now.  */
  pop_lang_context ();

  /* Now delete from the chain of variables all virtual function tables.
     We output them all ourselves, because each will be treated
     specially.  */
  walk_globals (vtable_decl_p, prune_vtable_vardecl, /*data=*/0);

  /* Now, issue warnings about static, but not defined, functions,
     etc.  */
  walk_namespaces (wrapup_globals_for_namespace, /*data=*/&reconsider);

  finish_repo ();

  this_time = get_run_time ();
  parse_time -= this_time - start_time;
  varconst_time += this_time - start_time;

  if (flag_detailed_statistics)
    {
      dump_tree_statistics ();
      dump_time_statistics ();
    }
}

/* This is something of the form 'A()()()()()+1' that has turned out to be an
   expr.  Since it was parsed like a type, we need to wade through and fix
   that.  Unfortunately, since operator() is left-associative, we can't use
   tail recursion.  In the above example, TYPE is `A', and DECL is
   `()()()()()'.

   Maybe this shouldn't be recursive, but how often will it actually be
   used?  (jason) */

tree
reparse_absdcl_as_expr (type, decl)
     tree type, decl;
{
  /* do build_functional_cast (type, NULL_TREE) at bottom */
  if (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) == NULL_TREE)
    return build_functional_cast (type, NULL_TREE);

  /* recurse */
  decl = reparse_absdcl_as_expr (type, TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));

  decl = build_x_function_call (decl, NULL_TREE, current_class_ref);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == CALL_EXPR
      && (! TREE_TYPE (decl)
          || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != VOID_TYPE))
    decl = require_complete_type (decl);

  return decl;
}

/* This is something of the form `int ((int)(int)(int)1)' that has turned
   out to be an expr.  Since it was parsed like a type, we need to wade
   through and fix that.  Since casts are right-associative, we are
   reversing the order, so we don't have to recurse.

   In the above example, DECL is the `(int)(int)(int)', and EXPR is the
   `1'.  */

tree
reparse_absdcl_as_casts (decl, expr)
     tree decl, expr;
{
  tree type;
  
  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
      && TREE_TYPE (expr) == 0)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);

      if (IS_SIGNATURE (type))
	{
	  error ("cast specifies signature type");
	  return error_mark_node;
	}

      expr = digest_init (type, expr, (tree *) 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_SIZE (type) == 0)
	{
	  int failure = complete_array_type (type, expr, 1);
	  if (failure)
	    my_friendly_abort (78);
	}
    }

  while (decl)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
      expr = build_c_cast (type, expr);
    }

  if (warn_old_style_cast && ! in_system_header
      && current_lang_name != lang_name_c)
    warning ("use of old-style cast");

  return expr;
}

/* Return TRUE if VALUE is a constant suitable for a vector element.  */

static int
is_vector_constant_element (value)
     tree value;
{
  STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (value);
  return (TREE_CODE (value) == INTEGER_CST 
	  || TREE_CODE (value) == REAL_CST);
}

/* Return TRUE if all elements of LIST (known to be a TREE_LIST) are
   constants suitable for a vector element.  */

static int
is_vector_constant_list (list)
     tree list;
{
  while (list)
    {
      if (!is_vector_constant_element (TREE_VALUE (list)))
	return FALSE;
      list = TREE_CHAIN (list);
    }
  return TRUE;
}

/* This is something of the form `int ((int)(int)(int)1)' that has turned
   out to be an expr.  Since it was parsed like a type, we need to wade
   through and fix that.  Since casts are right-associative, we are
   reversing the order, so we don't have to recurse.

   In the above example, DECL is the `(int)(int)(int)', and EXPR is the
   `1'.  EXPR may also be a comma expression that has not been reduced.
   Parse the expression as a vector constant as well.  */

tree
reparse_absdcl_as_casts_or_vector_constant (decl, expr)
     tree decl, expr;
{
  tree type;

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) != TREE_LIST)
    {
      /* If EXPR is not a TREE_LIST, but could be a vector constant, turn it
	 into a TREE_LIST with one element.  */
      if (is_vector_constant_element (expr))
	expr = build_expr_list (NULL_TREE, expr);
    }
  else if (!is_vector_constant_list (expr))
    {
      /* If EXPR is a TREE_LIST, but cannot be a vector constant, reduce
	 the compound expression now.  */
      expr = build_x_compound_expr (expr);
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
      && TREE_TYPE (expr) == 0)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);

      if (IS_SIGNATURE (type))
	{
	  error ("cast specifies signature type");
	  return error_mark_node;
	}

      expr = digest_init (type, expr, (tree *) 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_SIZE (type) == 0)
	{
	  int failure = complete_array_type (type, expr, 1);
	  if (failure)
	    my_friendly_abort (78);
	}
    }

  while (decl)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == VECTOR_TYPE
	  && TREE_CODE (expr) == TREE_LIST)
	/* Any EXPR that is a TREE_LIST is suitable as a vector constant.
	   If TYPE is a VECTOR_TYPE, parse it as a vector constant.  */
	expr = build_vector_constant (type, expr);
      else
	{
	  /* If TYPE was not a VECTOR_TYPE, but EXPR was a TREE_LIST, turn
	     EXPR back into a value and treat this as a cast.  */
	  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == TREE_LIST)
	    expr = build_x_compound_expr (expr);
	  expr = build_c_cast (type, expr);
	}
    }

  if (warn_old_style_cast)
    warning ("use of old-style cast");

  return expr;
}

/* Given plain tree nodes for an expression, build up the full semantics.  */

tree
build_expr_from_tree (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
    return t;

  switch (TREE_CODE (t))
    {
    case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
      return do_identifier (t, 0, NULL_TREE);

    case LOOKUP_EXPR:
      if (LOOKUP_EXPR_GLOBAL (t))
	return do_scoped_id (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 0);
      else
	return do_identifier (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 0, NULL_TREE);

    case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
      return (lookup_template_function
	      (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	       build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1))));

    case INDIRECT_REF:
      return build_x_indirect_ref
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)), "unary *");

    case CAST_EXPR:
      return build_functional_cast
	(TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_reinterpret_cast
	(TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_const_cast
	(TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_dynamic_cast
	(TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_static_cast
	(TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case NEGATE_EXPR:
    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
    case ABS_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
    case ADDR_EXPR:
    case CONVERT_EXPR:      /* Unary + */
      if (TREE_TYPE (t))
	return t;
      return build_x_unary_op (TREE_CODE (t),
			       build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case PLUS_EXPR:
    case MINUS_EXPR:
    case MULT_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
    case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:
    case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:
    case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:
    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
    case BIT_ANDTC_EXPR:
    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
    case RROTATE_EXPR:
    case LROTATE_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
    case MAX_EXPR:
    case MIN_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case MEMBER_REF:
      return build_x_binary_op
	(TREE_CODE (t), 
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
      return build_m_component_ref
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case SCOPE_REF:
      return build_offset_ref (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));

    case ARRAY_REF:
      if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0) == NULL_TREE)
	/* new-type-id */
	return build_parse_node (ARRAY_REF, NULL_TREE,
				 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));
      return grok_array_decl (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
			      build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case SIZEOF_EXPR:
    case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
      {
	tree r = build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
	if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (r)) != 't')
	  r = TREE_TYPE (r);
	return TREE_CODE (t) == SIZEOF_EXPR ? c_sizeof (r) : c_alignof (r);
      }

    case MODOP_EXPR:
      return build_x_modify_expr
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));

    case ARROW_EXPR:
      return build_x_arrow
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case NEW_EXPR:
      return build_new
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
	 NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t));

    case DELETE_EXPR:
      return delete_sanity
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	 DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t), DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t));

    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
      if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1) == NULL_TREE)
	return build_x_compound_expr
	  (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
      else
	my_friendly_abort (42);

    case METHOD_CALL_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
	{
	  tree ref = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
	  return build_scoped_method_call
	    (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	     build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0)),
	     TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1),
	     build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));
	}
      else 
	{
	  tree fn = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);

	  /* We can get a TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR here on code like:

	       x->f<2>();
	      
	     so we must resolve that.  However, we can also get things
	     like a BIT_NOT_EXPR here, when referring to a destructor,
	     and things like that are not correctly resolved by
	     build_expr_from_tree.  So, just use build_expr_from_tree
	     when we really need it.  */
	  if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
	    fn = lookup_template_function
	      (TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0),
	       build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (fn, 1)));

	  return build_method_call
	    (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	     fn,
	     build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
	     NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
	}

    case CALL_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
	{
	  tree ref = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
	  return build_member_call
	    (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0)),
	     TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1),
	     build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));
	}
      else
	{
	  tree name = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
          tree id;
          tree args = build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
          if (args != NULL_TREE && TREE_CODE (name) == LOOKUP_EXPR
              && !LOOKUP_EXPR_GLOBAL (name)
              && TREE_CODE ((id = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0))) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
              && (!current_class_type
                  || !lookup_member (current_class_type, id, 0, 0)))
            {
              /* Do Koenig lookup if there are no class members. */
              name = do_identifier (id, 0, args);
            }
          else if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
	      || ! really_overloaded_fn (name))
	    name = build_expr_from_tree (name);
	  return build_x_function_call (name, args, current_class_ref);
	}

    case COND_EXPR:
      return build_x_conditional_expr
	(build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
	 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));

    case TREE_LIST:
      {
	tree purpose, value, chain;

	if (t == void_list_node)
	  return t;

	purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
	if (purpose)
	  purpose = build_expr_from_tree (purpose);
	value = TREE_VALUE (t);
	if (value)
	  value = build_expr_from_tree (value);
	chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
	if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
	  chain = build_expr_from_tree (chain);
	return expr_tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
      }

    case COMPONENT_REF:
      {
	tree object = build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
	tree field = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
	
	/* We use a COMPONENT_REF to indicate things of the form `x.b'
	   and `x.A::b'.  We must distinguish between those cases
	   here.  */
	if (TREE_CODE (field) == SCOPE_REF)
	  return build_object_ref (object, 
				   TREE_OPERAND (field, 0),
				   TREE_OPERAND (field, 1));
	else
	  return build_x_component_ref (object, field,
					NULL_TREE, 1);
      }

    case THROW_EXPR:
      return build_throw (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case CONSTRUCTOR:
      {
	tree r;

	/* digest_init will do the wrong thing if we let it.  */
	if (TREE_TYPE (t) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (t)))
	  return t;

	r = build_nt (CONSTRUCTOR, NULL_TREE,
		      build_expr_from_tree (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (t)));
	TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (r) = TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (t);

	if (TREE_TYPE (t))
	  return digest_init (TREE_TYPE (t), r, 0);
	return r;
      }

    case TYPEID_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == 't')
	return get_typeid (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
      return build_x_typeid (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case VAR_DECL:
      return convert_from_reference (t);

    default:
      return t;
    }
}

/* This is something of the form `int (*a)++' that has turned out to be an
   expr.  It was only converted into parse nodes, so we need to go through
   and build up the semantics.  Most of the work is done by
   build_expr_from_tree, above.

   In the above example, TYPE is `int' and DECL is `*a'.  */

tree
reparse_decl_as_expr (type, decl)
     tree type, decl;
{
  decl = build_expr_from_tree (decl);
  if (type)
    return build_functional_cast (type, build_expr_list (NULL_TREE, decl));
  else
    return decl;
}

/* This is something of the form `int (*a)' that has turned out to be a
   decl.  It was only converted into parse nodes, so we need to do the
   checking that make_{pointer,reference}_declarator do.  */

tree
finish_decl_parsing (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  extern int current_class_depth;
  
  switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
    {
    case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
      return decl;
    case INDIRECT_REF:
      return make_pointer_declarator
	(NULL_TREE, finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)));
    case ADDR_EXPR:
      return make_reference_declarator
	(NULL_TREE, finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)));
    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
      TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));
      return decl;
    case SCOPE_REF:
      push_nested_class (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)), 3);
      TREE_COMPLEXITY (decl) = current_class_depth;
      return decl;
    case ARRAY_REF:
      TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));
      return decl;
    case TREE_LIST:
      /* For attribute handling.  */
      TREE_VALUE (decl) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_VALUE (decl));
      return decl;
    default:
      my_friendly_abort (5);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
}

tree
check_cp_case_value (value)
     tree value;
{
  if (value == NULL_TREE)
    return value;

  /* Strip NON_LVALUE_EXPRs since we aren't using as an lvalue.  */
  STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (value);

  if (TREE_READONLY_DECL_P (value))
    {
      value = decl_constant_value (value);
      STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (value);
    }
  value = fold (value);

  if (TREE_CODE (value) != INTEGER_CST
      && value != error_mark_node)
    {
      cp_error ("case label `%E' does not reduce to an integer constant",
		value);
      value = error_mark_node;
    }
  else
    /* Promote char or short to int.  */
    value = default_conversion (value);

  constant_expression_warning (value);

  return value;
}

/* Return 1 if root encloses child. */

static int
is_namespace_ancestor (root, child)
     tree root, child;
{
  if (root == child)
    return 1;
  if (root == global_namespace)
    return 1;
  if (child == global_namespace)
    return 0;
  return is_namespace_ancestor (root, CP_DECL_CONTEXT (child));
}
  

/* Return the namespace that is the common ancestor 
   of two given namespaces. */

tree
namespace_ancestor (ns1, ns2)
     tree ns1, ns2;
{
  if (is_namespace_ancestor (ns1, ns2))
    return ns1;
  return namespace_ancestor (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (ns1), ns2);
}

/* Insert used into the using list of user. Set indirect_flag if this
   directive is not directly from the source. Also find the common
   ancestor and let our users know about the new namespace */
static void 
add_using_namespace (user, used, indirect)
     tree user;
     tree used;
     int indirect;
{
  tree t;
  /* Using oneself is a no-op. */
  if (user == used)
    return;
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (user) == NAMESPACE_DECL, 380);
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (used) == NAMESPACE_DECL, 380);
  /* Check if we already have this. */
  t = purpose_member (used, DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user));
  if (t != NULL_TREE)
    {
      if (!indirect)
	/* Promote to direct usage. */
	TREE_INDIRECT_USING (t) = 0;
      return;
    }

  /* Add used to the user's using list. */
  DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user) 
    = perm_tree_cons (used, namespace_ancestor (user, used), 
		      DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user));

  TREE_INDIRECT_USING (DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user)) = indirect;

  /* Add user to the used's users list. */
  DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (used)
    = perm_tree_cons (user, 0, DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (used));

  /* Recursively add all namespaces used. */
  for (t = DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (used); t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    /* indirect usage */
    add_using_namespace (user, TREE_PURPOSE (t), 1);

  /* Tell everyone using us about the new used namespaces. */
  for (t = DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (user); t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    add_using_namespace (TREE_PURPOSE (t), used, 1);
}

/* Combines two sets of overloaded functions into an OVERLOAD chain, removing
   duplicates.  The first list becomes the tail of the result.

   The algorithm is O(n^2).  We could get this down to O(n log n) by
   doing a sort on the addresses of the functions, if that becomes
   necessary.  */

static tree
merge_functions (s1, s2)
     tree s1;
     tree s2;
{
  for (; s2; s2 = OVL_NEXT (s2))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (s2);
      if (! ovl_member (fn, s1))
	s1 = build_overload (fn, s1);
    }
  return s1;
}

/* This should return an error not all definitions define functions.
   It is not an error if we find two functions with exactly the
   same signature, only if these are selected in overload resolution.
   old is the current set of bindings, new the freshly-found binding.
   XXX Do we want to give *all* candidates in case of ambiguity?
   XXX In what way should I treat extern declarations?
   XXX I don't want to repeat the entire duplicate_decls here */

static tree
ambiguous_decl (name, old, new, flags)
     tree name;
     tree old;
     tree new;
     int flags;
{
  tree val, type;
  my_friendly_assert (old != NULL_TREE, 393);
  /* Copy the value. */
  val = BINDING_VALUE (new);
  if (val)
    switch (TREE_CODE (val))
      {
      case TEMPLATE_DECL:
        /* If we expect types or namespaces, and not templates,
           or this is not a template class. */
        if (LOOKUP_QUALIFIERS_ONLY (flags)
            && !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (val))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      case TYPE_DECL:
        if (LOOKUP_NAMESPACES_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      case NAMESPACE_DECL:
        if (LOOKUP_TYPES_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      default:
        if (LOOKUP_QUALIFIERS_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
      }
        
  if (!BINDING_VALUE (old))
    BINDING_VALUE (old) = val;
  else if (val && val != BINDING_VALUE (old))
    {
      if (is_overloaded_fn (BINDING_VALUE (old)) 
	  && is_overloaded_fn (val))
	{
	  BINDING_VALUE (old) = merge_functions (BINDING_VALUE (old),
						 val);
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Some declarations are functions, some are not. */
          if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
            {
	      /* If we've already given this error for this lookup,
		 BINDING_VALUE (old) is error_mark_node, so let's not
		 repeat ourselves.  */
	      if (BINDING_VALUE (old) != error_mark_node)
		{
		  cp_error ("use of `%D' is ambiguous", name);
		  cp_error_at ("  first declared as `%#D' here",
			       BINDING_VALUE (old));
		}
              cp_error_at ("  also declared as `%#D' here", val);
            }
	  return error_mark_node;
	}
    }
  /* ... and copy the type. */
  type = BINDING_TYPE (new);
  if (LOOKUP_NAMESPACES_ONLY (flags))
    type = NULL_TREE;
  if (!BINDING_TYPE (old))
    BINDING_TYPE (old) = type;
  else if (type && BINDING_TYPE (old) != type)
    {
      if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
        {
          cp_error ("`%D' denotes an ambiguous type",name);
          cp_error_at ("  first type here", BINDING_TYPE (old));
          cp_error_at ("  other type here", type);
        }
    }
  return old;
}

/* Add the bindings of name in used namespaces to val.
   The using list is defined by usings, and the lookup goes to scope.
   Returns zero on errors. */

int
lookup_using_namespace (name, val, usings, scope, flags)
     tree name, val, usings, scope;
     int flags;
{
  tree iter;
  tree val1;
  /* Iterate over all used namespaces in current, searching for using
     directives of scope. */
  for (iter = usings; iter; iter = TREE_CHAIN (iter))
    if (TREE_VALUE (iter) == scope)
      {
	val1 = binding_for_name (name, TREE_PURPOSE (iter));
	/* Resolve ambiguities. */
	val = ambiguous_decl (name, val, val1, flags);
      }
  return val != error_mark_node;
}

/* [namespace.qual]
   Excepts the name to lookup and its qualifying scope.
   Returns the name/type pair found into the CPLUS_BINDING result,
   or 0 on error. */

int
qualified_lookup_using_namespace (name, scope, result, flags)
     tree name;
     tree scope;
     tree result;
     int flags;
{
  /* Maintain a list of namespaces visited... */
  tree seen = NULL_TREE;
  /* ... and a list of namespace yet to see. */
  tree todo = NULL_TREE;
  tree usings;
  while (scope && (result != error_mark_node))
    {
      seen = temp_tree_cons (scope, NULL_TREE, seen);
      result = ambiguous_decl (name, result,
                               binding_for_name (name, scope), flags);
      if (!BINDING_VALUE (result) && !BINDING_TYPE (result))
	/* Consider using directives. */
	for (usings = DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (scope); usings;
	     usings = TREE_CHAIN (usings))
	  /* If this was a real directive, and we have not seen it. */
	  if (!TREE_INDIRECT_USING (usings)
	      && !purpose_member (TREE_PURPOSE (usings), seen))
	    todo = temp_tree_cons (TREE_PURPOSE (usings), NULL_TREE, todo);
      if (todo)
	{
	  scope = TREE_PURPOSE (todo);
	  todo = TREE_CHAIN (todo);
	}
      else
	scope = NULL_TREE; /* If there never was a todo list. */
    }
  return result != error_mark_node;
}

/* [namespace.memdef]/2 */

/* Set the context of a declaration to scope. Complain if we are not
   outside scope. */

void
set_decl_namespace (decl, scope, friendp)
     tree decl;
     tree scope;
     int friendp;
{
  tree old;
  if (scope == std_node)
    scope = global_namespace;
  /* Get rid of namespace aliases. */
  scope = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (scope);
  
  /* It is ok for friends to be qualified in parallel space.  */
  if (!friendp && !is_namespace_ancestor (current_namespace, scope))
    cp_error ("declaration of `%D' not in a namespace surrounding `%D'",
	      decl, scope);
  DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = FROB_CONTEXT (scope);
  if (scope != current_namespace)
    {
      /* See whether this has been declared in the namespace. */
      old = namespace_binding (DECL_NAME (decl), scope);
      if (!old)
	/* No old declaration at all. */
	goto complain;
      if (!is_overloaded_fn (decl))
	/* Don't compare non-function decls with decls_match here,
	   since it can't check for the correct constness at this
	   point. pushdecl will find those errors later.  */
	return;
      /* Since decl is a function, old should contain a function decl. */
      if (!is_overloaded_fn (old))
	goto complain;
      if (processing_template_decl || processing_specialization)
	/* We have not yet called push_template_decl to turn the
	   FUNCTION_DECL into a TEMPLATE_DECL, so the declarations
	   won't match.  But, we'll check later, when we construct the
	   template.  */
	return;
      for (; old; old = OVL_NEXT (old))
	if (decls_match (decl, OVL_CURRENT (old)))
	  return;
    }
  else
    return;
 complain:
  cp_error ("`%D' should have been declared inside `%D'",
	    decl, scope);
} 

/* Compute the namespace where a declaration is defined. */

static tree
decl_namespace (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  while (DECL_CONTEXT (decl))
    {
      decl = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
	return decl;
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (decl)) == 't')
	decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (decl);
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (decl)) == 'd', 390);
    }

  return global_namespace;
}

/* Return the namespace where the current declaration is declared. */

tree
current_decl_namespace ()
{
  tree result;
  /* If we have been pushed into a different namespace, use it. */
  if (decl_namespace_list)
    return TREE_PURPOSE (decl_namespace_list);

  if (current_class_type)
    result = decl_namespace (TYPE_STUB_DECL (current_class_type));
  else if (current_function_decl)
    result = decl_namespace (current_function_decl);
  else 
    result = current_namespace;
  return result;
}

/* Temporarily set the namespace for the current declaration. */

void
push_decl_namespace (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    decl = decl_namespace (decl);
  decl_namespace_list = tree_cons (decl, NULL_TREE, decl_namespace_list);
}

void
pop_decl_namespace ()
{
  decl_namespace_list = TREE_CHAIN (decl_namespace_list);
}

/* Enter a class or namespace scope. */

void
push_scope (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    push_decl_namespace (t);
  else
    pushclass (t, 2);
}

/* Leave scope pushed by push_scope. */

void
pop_scope (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    pop_decl_namespace ();
  else
    popclass ();
}

/* [basic.lookup.koenig] */
/* A non-zero return value in the functions below indicates an error.
   All nodes allocated in the procedure are on the scratch obstack. */

struct arg_lookup
{
  tree name;
  tree namespaces;
  tree classes;
  tree functions;
};

static int arg_assoc         PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));
static int arg_assoc_args    PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));
static int arg_assoc_type    PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));
static int add_function      PROTO((struct arg_lookup *, tree));
static int arg_assoc_namespace PROTO((struct arg_lookup *, tree));
static int arg_assoc_class   PROTO((struct arg_lookup *, tree));

/* Add a function to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
add_function (k, fn)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree fn;
{
  if (ovl_member (fn, k->functions))
    return 0;
  /* We must find only functions, or exactly one non-function. */
  if (k->functions && is_overloaded_fn (k->functions)
      && is_overloaded_fn (fn))
    k->functions = build_overload (fn, k->functions);
  else 
    if(k->functions)
      {
	tree f1 = OVL_CURRENT (k->functions);
	tree f2 = fn;
	if (is_overloaded_fn (f1))
	  {
	    fn = f1; f1 = f2; f2 = fn;
	  }
	cp_error_at ("`%D' is not a function,", f1);
	cp_error_at ("  conflict with `%D'", f2);
	cp_error ("  in call to `%D'", k->name);
	return 1;
      }
    else
      k->functions = fn;
  return 0;
}

/* Add functions of a namespace to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_namespace (k, scope)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree scope;
{
  tree value;

  if (purpose_member (scope, k->namespaces))
    return 0;
  k->namespaces = tree_cons (scope, NULL_TREE, k->namespaces);
  
  value = namespace_binding (k->name, scope);
  if (!value)
    return 0;
  
  for (; value; value = OVL_NEXT (value))
    if (add_function (k, OVL_CURRENT (value)))
      return 1;
  
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with class to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_class (k, type)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree type;
{
  tree list, friends, context;
  int i;
  
  if (purpose_member (type, k->classes))
    return 0;
  k->classes = tree_cons (type, NULL_TREE, k->classes);
  
  context = decl_namespace (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type));
  if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, context))
    return 1;
  
  /* Process baseclasses. */
  for (i = 0; i < CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); i++)
    if (arg_assoc_class (k, TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPE (type, i)))
      return 1;
  
  /* Process friends. */
  for (list = DECL_FRIENDLIST (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type)); list; 
       list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
    if (k->name == TREE_PURPOSE (list))
      for (friends = TREE_VALUE (list); friends; 
	   friends = TREE_CHAIN (friends))
	/* Only interested in global functions with potentially hidden
           (i.e. unqualified) declarations. */
	if (TREE_PURPOSE (list) == error_mark_node && TREE_VALUE (list)
	    && decl_namespace (TREE_VALUE (list)) == context)
	  if (add_function (k, TREE_VALUE (list)))
	    return 1;

  /* Process template arguments.  */
  if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
    {
      list = innermost_args (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type));
      for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (list); ++i)
	arg_assoc (k, TREE_VEC_ELT (list, i));
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with a given type.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_type (k, type)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree type;
{
  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
    {
    case VOID_TYPE:
    case INTEGER_TYPE:
    case REAL_TYPE:
    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
    case CHAR_TYPE:
    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
      return 0;
    case RECORD_TYPE:
      if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
	return arg_assoc_type (k, TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type));
      return arg_assoc_class (k, type);
    case POINTER_TYPE:
    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
    case ARRAY_TYPE:
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case UNION_TYPE:
    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
      return arg_assoc_namespace (k, decl_namespace (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type)));
    case OFFSET_TYPE:
      /* Pointer to member: associate class type and value type. */
      if (arg_assoc_type (k, TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (type)))
	return 1;
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case METHOD_TYPE:
      /* The basetype is referenced in the first arg type, so just
	 fall through.  */
    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
      /* Associate the parameter types. */
      if (arg_assoc_args (k, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type)))
	return 1;
      /* Associate the return type. */
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
    case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
      return 0;
    case VECTOR_TYPE:		/* <tur 08May99> Handle __vectors  */
      return arg_assoc_type(k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case LANG_TYPE:
      if (type == unknown_type_node)
	return 0;
      /* else fall through */
    default:
      my_friendly_abort (390);
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with arguments.  Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_args (k, args)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree args;
{
  for (; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
    if (arg_assoc (k, TREE_VALUE (args)))
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with a given tree_node.  Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc (k, n)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree n;
{
  if (n == error_mark_node)
    return 0;

  if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (n)) == 't')
    return arg_assoc_type (k, n);

  if (! type_unknown_p (n))
    return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (n));

  if (TREE_CODE (n) == ADDR_EXPR)
    n = TREE_OPERAND (n, 0);
  if (TREE_CODE (n) == COMPONENT_REF)
    n = TREE_OPERAND (n, 1);
  if (TREE_CODE (n) == OFFSET_REF)
    n = TREE_OPERAND (n, 1);
  while (TREE_CODE (n) == TREE_LIST)
    n = TREE_VALUE (n);

  if (TREE_CODE (n) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (n));
  if (TREE_CODE (n) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
    {
      /* [basic.lookup.koenig]

	 If T is a template-id, its associated namespaces and classes
	 are the namespace in which the template is defined; for
	 member templates, the member template's class; the namespaces
	 and classes associated with the types of the template
	 arguments provided for template type parameters (excluding
	 template template parameters); the namespaces in which any
	 template template arguments are defined; and the classes in
	 which any member templates used as template template
	 arguments are defined.  [Note: non-type template arguments do
	 not contribute to the set of associated namespaces.  ]   */
      tree template = TREE_OPERAND (n, 0);
      tree args = TREE_OPERAND (n, 1);
      tree ctx;
      tree arg;

      /* First, the template.  There may actually be more than one if
	 this is an overloaded function template.  But, in that case,
	 we only need the first; all the functions will be in the same
	 namespace.  */
      template = OVL_CURRENT (template);

      ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (template);
       
      if (TREE_CODE (ctx) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
	{
	  if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, ctx) == 1)
	    return 1;
	}
      /* It must be a member template.  */
      else if (arg_assoc_class (k, ctx) == 1)
	return 1;

      /* Now the arguments.  */
      for (arg = args; arg != NULL_TREE; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
	{
	  tree t = TREE_VALUE (arg);

	  if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
	    {
	      ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (t);
	      if (TREE_CODE (ctx) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
		{
		  if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, ctx) == 1)
		    return 1;
		}
	      else if (arg_assoc_class (k, ctx) == 1)
		return 1;
	    }
	  else if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (t)) == 't'
		   && arg_assoc_type (k, t) == 1)
	    return 1;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (n) == OVERLOAD, 980715);
      
      for (; n; n = OVL_CHAIN (n))
	if (arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (OVL_FUNCTION (n))))
	  return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Performs Koenig lookup depending on arguments, where fns
   are the functions found in normal lookup. */

tree
lookup_arg_dependent (name, fns, args)
     tree name;
     tree fns;
     tree args;
{
  struct arg_lookup k;

  k.name = name;
  k.functions = fns;
  k.classes = NULL_TREE;

  /* Note that we've already looked at the current namespace during normal
     unqualified lookup, unless we found a decl in function scope.  */
  if (fns && ! TREE_PERMANENT (OVL_CURRENT (fns)))
    k.namespaces = NULL_TREE;
  else
    k.namespaces = scratch_tree_cons (current_decl_namespace (),
				      NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);

  push_scratch_obstack ();
  arg_assoc_args (&k, args);
  pop_obstacks ();
  return k.functions;
}

/* Process a namespace-alias declaration. */

void
do_namespace_alias (alias, namespace)
     tree alias, namespace;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      /* The parser did not find it, so it's not there. */
      cp_error ("unknown namespace `%D'", namespace);
      return;
    }

  namespace = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (namespace);

  /* Build the alias. */
  alias = build_lang_decl (NAMESPACE_DECL, alias, void_type_node);     
  DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (alias) = namespace;
  pushdecl (alias);
}

/* Check a non-member using-declaration. Return the name and scope
   being used, and the USING_DECL, or NULL_TREE on failure. */

static tree
validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, scope, name)
     tree decl;
     tree *scope;
     tree *name;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == SCOPE_REF
      && TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) == std_node)
    {
      if (namespace_bindings_p ()
	  && current_namespace == global_namespace)
	/* There's no need for a using declaration at all, here,
	   since `std' is the same as `::'.  We can't just pass this
	   on because we'll complain later about declaring something
	   in the same scope as a using declaration with the same
	   name.  We return NULL_TREE which indicates to the caller
	   that there's no need to do any further processing.  */
	return NULL_TREE;

      *scope = global_namespace;
      *name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == SCOPE_REF)
    {
      *scope = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
      *name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);

      /* [namespace.udecl]

	 A using-declaration for a class member shall be a
	 member-declaration.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (*scope) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
	{
	  if (TYPE_P (*scope))
	    cp_error ("`%T' is not a namespace", *scope);
	  else
	    cp_error ("`%D' is not a namespace", *scope);
	  return NULL_TREE;
	}
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
           || TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
	   || TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
    {
      *scope = global_namespace;
      *name = decl;
    }
  else
    my_friendly_abort (382);
  if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (*name)) == 'd')
    *name = DECL_NAME (*name);
  /* Make a USING_DECL. */
  return push_using_decl (*scope, *name);
}

/* Process local and global using-declarations. */

static void
do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype)
     tree scope, name;
     tree oldval, oldtype;
     tree *newval, *newtype;
{
  tree decls;
  struct tree_binding _decls;

  *newval = *newtype = NULL_TREE;
  decls = binding_init (&_decls);
  if (!qualified_lookup_using_namespace (name, scope, decls, 0))
    /* Lookup error */
    return;

  if (!BINDING_VALUE (decls) && !BINDING_TYPE (decls))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' not declared", name);
      return;
    }

  /* Check for using functions. */
  if (BINDING_VALUE (decls) && is_overloaded_fn (BINDING_VALUE (decls)))
    {
      tree tmp, tmp1;

      if (oldval && !is_overloaded_fn (oldval))
	{
	  duplicate_decls (OVL_CURRENT (BINDING_VALUE (decls)), oldval);
	  oldval = NULL_TREE;
	}

      *newval = oldval;
      for (tmp = BINDING_VALUE (decls); tmp; tmp = OVL_NEXT (tmp))
	{
	  tree new_fn = OVL_CURRENT (tmp);

	  /* [namespace.udecl]

	     If a function declaration in namespace scope or block
	     scope has the same name and the same parameter types as a
	     function introduced by a using declaration the program is
	     ill-formed.  */
	  for (tmp1 = oldval; tmp1; tmp1 = OVL_NEXT (tmp1))
	    {
	      tree old_fn = OVL_CURRENT (tmp1);

	      if (!OVL_USED (tmp1)
		  && compparms (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (new_fn)),
				TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (old_fn))))
		{
		  /* There was already a non-using declaration in
		     this scope with the same parameter types.  */
		  cp_error ("`%D' is already declared in this scope",
			    name);
		  break;
		}
	      else if (duplicate_decls (new_fn, old_fn))
		/* We're re-using something we already used 
		   before.  We don't need to add it again.  */ 
		break;
	    }

	  /* If we broke out of the loop, there's no reason to add
	     this function to the using declarations for this
	     scope.  */
	  if (tmp1)
	    continue;
	    
	  *newval = build_overload (OVL_CURRENT (tmp), *newval);
	  if (TREE_CODE (*newval) != OVERLOAD)
	    *newval = ovl_cons (*newval, NULL_TREE);
	  OVL_USED (*newval) = 1;
	}
    }
  else 
    {
      *newval = BINDING_VALUE (decls);
      if (oldval)
	duplicate_decls (*newval, oldval);
    } 

  *newtype = BINDING_TYPE (decls);
  if (oldtype && *newtype && oldtype != *newtype)
    {
      cp_error ("using directive `%D' introduced ambiguous type `%T'",
		name, oldtype);
      return;
    }
}

/* Process a using-declaration not appearing in class or local scope. */

void
do_toplevel_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree scope, name, binding;
  tree oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype;

  decl = validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, &scope, &name);
  if (decl == NULL_TREE)
    return;
  
  binding = binding_for_name (name, current_namespace);

  oldval = BINDING_VALUE (binding);
  oldtype = BINDING_TYPE (binding);

  do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, &newval, &newtype);

  /* Copy declarations found. */
  if (newval)
    BINDING_VALUE (binding) = newval;
  if (newtype)
    BINDING_TYPE (binding) = newtype;
  return;
}

/* Process a using-declaration at function scope.  */

void
do_local_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree scope, name;
  tree oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype;

  decl = validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, &scope, &name);
  if (decl == NULL_TREE)
    return;

  oldval = lookup_name_current_level (name);
  oldtype = lookup_type_current_level (name);

  do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, &newval, &newtype);

  if (newval)
    {
      if (is_overloaded_fn (newval))
	{
	  tree fn, term;

	  /* We only need to push declarations for those functions
	     that were not already bound in the current level.
	     The old value might be NULL_TREE, it might be a single
	     function, or an OVERLOAD.  */
	  if (oldval && TREE_CODE (oldval) == OVERLOAD)
	    term = OVL_FUNCTION (oldval);
	  else
	    term = oldval;
	  for (fn = newval; fn && OVL_CURRENT (fn) != term; 
	       fn = OVL_NEXT (fn))
	    push_overloaded_decl (OVL_CURRENT (fn), 
				  PUSH_LOCAL | PUSH_USING);
	}
      else
	push_local_binding (name, newval, PUSH_USING);
    }
  if (newtype)
    set_identifier_type_value (name, newtype);
}

tree
do_class_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree name, value;

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != SCOPE_REF
      || TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0))) != 't')
    {
      cp_error ("using-declaration for non-member at class scope");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
    {
      cp_error ("using-declaration for destructor");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
    name = DECL_NAME (name);

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE, 980716);

  value = build_lang_field_decl (USING_DECL, name, void_type_node);
  DECL_INITIAL (value) = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
  return value;
}

/* Process a using-directive. */

void
do_using_directive (namespace)
     tree namespace;
{
  if (namespace == std_node)
    return;
  /* using namespace A::B::C; */
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) == SCOPE_REF)
      namespace = TREE_OPERAND (namespace, 1);
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      /* Lookup in lexer did not find a namespace. */
      cp_error ("namespace `%T' undeclared", namespace);
      return;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("`%T' is not a namespace", namespace);
      return;
    }
  namespace = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (namespace);
  if (!toplevel_bindings_p ())
    push_using_directive (namespace);
  else
    /* direct usage */
    add_using_namespace (current_namespace, namespace, 0);
}

void
check_default_args (x)
     tree x;
{
  tree arg = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (x));
  int saw_def = 0, i = 0 - (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == METHOD_TYPE);
  for (; arg && arg != void_list_node; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg), ++i)
    {
      if (TREE_PURPOSE (arg))
	saw_def = 1;
      else if (saw_def)
	{
	  cp_error_at ("default argument missing for parameter %P of `%+#D'",
		       i, x);
	  break;
	}
    }
}

void
mark_used (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return;
  assemble_external (decl);

  /* Is it a synthesized method that needs to be synthesized?  */
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl)
      && DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && ! DECL_INITIAL (decl)
      /* Kludge: don't synthesize for default args.  */
      && current_function_decl)
    synthesize_method (decl);

  /* If this is a function or variable that is an instance of some
     template, we now know that we will need to actually do the
     instantiation.  A TEMPLATE_DECL may also have DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO,
     if it's a partial instantiation, but there's no need to
     instantiate such a thing.  We check that DECL is not an explicit
     instantiation because that is not checked in instantiate_decl.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != TEMPLATE_DECL
      && TREE_CODE (decl) != THUNK_DECL
      && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl) && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
      && !DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl))
    instantiate_decl (decl);
}

/* Helper function for named_class_head_sans_basetype nonterminal.  We
   have just seen something of the form `AGGR SCOPE::ID'.  Return a
   TYPE_DECL for the type declared by ID in SCOPE.  */

tree
handle_class_head (aggr, scope, id)
     tree aggr, scope, id;
{
  tree decl;

  if (TREE_CODE (id) == TYPE_DECL)
    decl = id;
  else if (DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (id))
    decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (id);
  else 
    {
      if (scope)
	cp_error ("`%T' does not have a nested type named `%D'", scope, id);
      else
	cp_error ("no file-scope type named `%D'", id);
      
      decl = TYPE_MAIN_DECL (xref_tag (aggr, make_anon_name (), 1));
    }

  /* This syntax is only allowed when we're defining a type, so we
     enter the SCOPE.  */
  push_scope (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (decl));

  /* If we see something like:

       template <typename T> struct S::I ....
       
     we must create a TEMPLATE_DECL for the nested type.  */
  if (PROCESSING_REAL_TEMPLATE_DECL_P ())
    decl = push_template_decl (decl);

  return decl;
}