g-socket.adb   [plain text]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                          --
--                         GNAT COMPILER COMPONENTS                         --
--                                                                          --
--                         G N A T . S O C K E T S                          --
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--                                 B o d y                                  --
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--           Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Ada Core Technologies, Inc.            --
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-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
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-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License --
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-- MA 02111-1307, USA.                                                      --
--                                                                          --
-- As a special exception,  if other files  instantiate  generics from this --
-- unit, or you link  this unit with other files  to produce an executable, --
-- this  unit  does not  by itself cause  the resulting  executable  to  be --
-- covered  by the  GNU  General  Public  License.  This exception does not --
-- however invalidate  any other reasons why  the executable file  might be --
-- covered by the  GNU Public License.                                      --
--                                                                          --
-- GNAT is maintained by Ada Core Technologies Inc (http://www.gnat.com).   --
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------

with Ada.Streams;                use Ada.Streams;
with Ada.Exceptions;             use Ada.Exceptions;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Unchecked_Conversion;

with Interfaces.C.Strings;

with GNAT.OS_Lib;                use GNAT.OS_Lib;
with GNAT.Sockets.Constants;
with GNAT.Sockets.Thin;          use GNAT.Sockets.Thin;
with GNAT.Task_Lock;

with GNAT.Sockets.Linker_Options;
pragma Warnings (Off, GNAT.Sockets.Linker_Options);
--  Need to include pragma Linker_Options which is platform dependent.

with System; use System;

package body GNAT.Sockets is

   use type C.int, System.Address;

   Finalized   : Boolean := False;
   Initialized : Boolean := False;

   --  Correspondance tables

   Families : constant array (Family_Type) of C.int :=
     (Family_Inet  => Constants.AF_INET,
      Family_Inet6 => Constants.AF_INET6);

   Levels : constant array (Level_Type) of C.int :=
     (Socket_Level              => Constants.SOL_SOCKET,
      IP_Protocol_For_IP_Level  => Constants.IPPROTO_IP,
      IP_Protocol_For_UDP_Level => Constants.IPPROTO_UDP,
      IP_Protocol_For_TCP_Level => Constants.IPPROTO_TCP);

   Modes : constant array (Mode_Type) of C.int :=
     (Socket_Stream   => Constants.SOCK_STREAM,
      Socket_Datagram => Constants.SOCK_DGRAM);

   Shutmodes : constant array (Shutmode_Type) of C.int :=
     (Shut_Read       => Constants.SHUT_RD,
      Shut_Write      => Constants.SHUT_WR,
      Shut_Read_Write => Constants.SHUT_RDWR);

   Requests : constant array (Request_Name) of C.int :=
     (Non_Blocking_IO => Constants.FIONBIO,
      N_Bytes_To_Read => Constants.FIONREAD);

   Options : constant array (Option_Name) of C.int :=
     (Keep_Alive      => Constants.SO_KEEPALIVE,
      Reuse_Address   => Constants.SO_REUSEADDR,
      Broadcast       => Constants.SO_BROADCAST,
      Send_Buffer     => Constants.SO_SNDBUF,
      Receive_Buffer  => Constants.SO_RCVBUF,
      Linger          => Constants.SO_LINGER,
      Error           => Constants.SO_ERROR,
      No_Delay        => Constants.TCP_NODELAY,
      Add_Membership  => Constants.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
      Drop_Membership => Constants.IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP,
      Multicast_TTL   => Constants.IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
      Multicast_Loop  => Constants.IP_MULTICAST_LOOP);

   Socket_Error_Id : constant Exception_Id := Socket_Error'Identity;
   Host_Error_Id : constant Exception_Id := Host_Error'Identity;

   Hex_To_Char : constant String (1 .. 16) := "0123456789ABCDEF";
   --  Use to print in hexadecimal format

   function To_In_Addr is new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion (C.int, In_Addr);
   function To_Int     is new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion (In_Addr, C.int);

   -----------------------
   -- Local subprograms --
   -----------------------

   function Resolve_Error
     (Error_Value : Integer;
      From_Errno  : Boolean := True)
      return        Error_Type;
   --  Associate an enumeration value (error_type) to en error value
   --  (errno). From_Errno prevents from mixing h_errno with errno.

   function To_Host_Name (N  : String) return Host_Name_Type;
   function To_String    (HN : Host_Name_Type) return String;
   --  Conversion functions

   function Port_To_Network
     (Port : C.unsigned_short)
      return C.unsigned_short;
   pragma Inline (Port_To_Network);
   --  Convert a port number into a network port number

   function Network_To_Port
     (Net_Port : C.unsigned_short)
      return     C.unsigned_short
   renames Port_To_Network;
   --  Symetric operation

   function Image
     (Val :  Inet_Addr_VN_Type;
      Hex :  Boolean := False)
      return String;
   --  Output an array of inet address components either in
   --  hexadecimal or in decimal mode.

   function To_In_Addr (Addr : Inet_Addr_Type) return Thin.In_Addr;
   function To_Inet_Addr (Addr : In_Addr) return Inet_Addr_Type;
   --  Conversion functions

   function To_Host_Entry (Host : Hostent) return Host_Entry_Type;
   --  Conversion function

   function To_Timeval (Val : Duration) return Timeval;
   --  Separate Val in seconds and microseconds

   procedure Raise_Socket_Error (Error : Integer);
   --  Raise Socket_Error with an exception message describing
   --  the error code.

   procedure Raise_Host_Error (Error : Integer);
   --  Raise Host_Error exception with message describing error code
   --  (note hstrerror seems to be obsolete).

   --  Types needed for Socket_Set_Type

   type Socket_Set_Record is new Fd_Set;

   procedure Free is
     new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation (Socket_Set_Record, Socket_Set_Type);

   --  Types needed for Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type

   type Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type is new Root_Stream_Type with record
      Socket : Socket_Type;
      To     : Sock_Addr_Type;
      From   : Sock_Addr_Type;
   end record;

   type Datagram_Socket_Stream_Access is
     access all Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;

   procedure Read
     (Stream : in out Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset);

   procedure Write
     (Stream : in out Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array);

   --  Types needed for Stream_Socket_Stream_Type

   type Stream_Socket_Stream_Type is new Root_Stream_Type with record
      Socket : Socket_Type;
   end record;

   type Stream_Socket_Stream_Access is
     access all Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;

   procedure Read
     (Stream : in out Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset);

   procedure Write
     (Stream : in out Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array);

   --------------------
   -- Abort_Selector --
   --------------------

   procedure Abort_Selector (Selector : Selector_Type) is
      Buf : Character;
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      --  Send an empty array to unblock C select system call

      if Selector.In_Progress then
         Res := C_Write (C.int (Selector.W_Sig_Socket), Buf'Address, 1);
      end if;
   end Abort_Selector;

   -------------------
   -- Accept_Socket --
   -------------------

   procedure Accept_Socket
     (Server  : Socket_Type;
      Socket  : out Socket_Type;
      Address : out Sock_Addr_Type)
   is
      Res : C.int;
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;

   begin
      Res := C_Accept (C.int (Server), Sin'Address, Len'Access);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Socket := Socket_Type (Res);

      Address.Addr := To_Inet_Addr (Sin.Sin_Addr);
      Address.Port := Port_Type (Network_To_Port (Sin.Sin_Port));
   end Accept_Socket;

   ---------------
   -- Addresses --
   ---------------

   function Addresses
     (E    : Host_Entry_Type;
      N    : Positive := 1)
      return Inet_Addr_Type
   is
   begin
      return E.Addresses (N);
   end Addresses;

   ----------------------
   -- Addresses_Length --
   ----------------------

   function Addresses_Length (E : Host_Entry_Type) return Natural is
   begin
      return E.Addresses_Length;
   end Addresses_Length;

   -------------
   -- Aliases --
   -------------

   function Aliases
     (E    : Host_Entry_Type;
      N    : Positive := 1)
      return String
   is
   begin
      return To_String (E.Aliases (N));
   end Aliases;

   --------------------
   -- Aliases_Length --
   --------------------

   function Aliases_Length (E : Host_Entry_Type) return Natural is
   begin
      return E.Aliases_Length;
   end Aliases_Length;

   -----------------
   -- Bind_Socket --
   -----------------

   procedure Bind_Socket
     (Socket  : Socket_Type;
      Address : Sock_Addr_Type)
   is
      Res : C.int;
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;

   begin
      if Address.Family = Family_Inet6 then
         raise Socket_Error;
      end if;

      Sin.Sin_Family := C.unsigned_short (Families (Address.Family));
      Sin.Sin_Port   := Port_To_Network (C.unsigned_short (Address.Port));

      Res := C_Bind (C.int (Socket), Sin'Address, Len);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Bind_Socket;

   --------------------
   -- Check_Selector --
   --------------------

   procedure Check_Selector
     (Selector     : in out Selector_Type;
      R_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type;
      W_Socket_Set : in out Socket_Set_Type;
      Status       : out Selector_Status;
      Timeout      : Duration := Forever)
   is
      Res  : C.int;
      Len  : C.int;
      RSet : aliased Fd_Set;
      WSet : aliased Fd_Set;
      TVal : aliased Timeval;
      TPtr : Timeval_Access;

   begin
      Status := Completed;

      --  No timeout or Forever is indicated by a null timeval pointer.

      if Timeout = Forever then
         TPtr := null;
      else
         TVal := To_Timeval (Timeout);
         TPtr := TVal'Unchecked_Access;
      end if;

      --  Copy R_Socket_Set in RSet and add read signalling socket.

      if R_Socket_Set = null then
         RSet := Null_Fd_Set;
      else
         RSet := Fd_Set (R_Socket_Set.all);
      end if;

      Set (RSet, C.int (Selector.R_Sig_Socket));
      Len := Max (RSet) + 1;

      --  Copy W_Socket_Set in WSet.

      if W_Socket_Set = null then
         WSet := Null_Fd_Set;
      else
         WSet := Fd_Set (W_Socket_Set.all);
      end if;

      Len := C.int'Max (Max (RSet) + 1, Len);

      Selector.In_Progress := True;
      Res :=
        C_Select
         (Len,
          RSet'Unchecked_Access,
          WSet'Unchecked_Access,
          null, TPtr);
      Selector.In_Progress := False;

      --  If Select was resumed because of read signalling socket,
      --  read this data and remove socket from set.

      if Is_Set (RSet, C.int (Selector.R_Sig_Socket)) then
         Clear (RSet, C.int (Selector.R_Sig_Socket));

         declare
            Buf : Character;
         begin
            Res := C_Read (C.int (Selector.R_Sig_Socket), Buf'Address, 1);
         end;

         --  Select was resumed because of read signalling socket, but
         --  the call is said aborted only when there is no other read
         --  or write event.

         if Is_Empty (RSet)
           and then Is_Empty (WSet)
         then
            Status := Aborted;
         end if;

      elsif Res = 0 then
         Status := Expired;
      end if;

      if R_Socket_Set /= null then
         R_Socket_Set.all := Socket_Set_Record (RSet);
      end if;

      if W_Socket_Set /= null then
         W_Socket_Set.all := Socket_Set_Record (WSet);
      end if;
   end Check_Selector;

   -----------
   -- Clear --
   -----------

   procedure Clear
     (Item   : in out Socket_Set_Type;
      Socket : Socket_Type)
   is
   begin
      if Item = null then
         Item := new Socket_Set_Record;
         Empty (Fd_Set (Item.all));
      end if;

      Clear (Fd_Set (Item.all), C.int (Socket));
   end Clear;

   --------------------
   -- Close_Selector --
   --------------------

   procedure Close_Selector (Selector : in out Selector_Type) is
   begin
      begin
         Close_Socket (Selector.R_Sig_Socket);
      exception when Socket_Error =>
         null;
      end;

      begin
         Close_Socket (Selector.W_Sig_Socket);
      exception when Socket_Error =>
         null;
      end;
   end Close_Selector;

   ------------------
   -- Close_Socket --
   ------------------

   procedure Close_Socket (Socket : Socket_Type) is
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Close (C.int (Socket));

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Close_Socket;

   --------------------
   -- Connect_Socket --
   --------------------

   procedure Connect_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Server : in out Sock_Addr_Type)
   is
      Res : C.int;
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;

   begin
      if Server.Family = Family_Inet6 then
         raise Socket_Error;
      end if;

      Sin.Sin_Family := C.unsigned_short (Families (Server.Family));
      Sin.Sin_Addr   := To_In_Addr (Server.Addr);
      Sin.Sin_Port   := Port_To_Network (C.unsigned_short (Server.Port));

      Res := C_Connect (C.int (Socket), Sin'Address, Len);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Connect_Socket;

   --------------------
   -- Control_Socket --
   --------------------

   procedure Control_Socket
     (Socket  : Socket_Type;
      Request : in out Request_Type)
   is
      Arg : aliased C.int;
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      case Request.Name is
         when Non_Blocking_IO =>
            Arg := C.int (Boolean'Pos (Request.Enabled));

         when N_Bytes_To_Read =>
            null;

      end case;

      Res := C_Ioctl
        (C.int (Socket),
         Requests (Request.Name),
         Arg'Unchecked_Access);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      case Request.Name is
         when Non_Blocking_IO =>
            null;

         when N_Bytes_To_Read =>
            Request.Size := Natural (Arg);

      end case;
   end Control_Socket;

   ---------------------
   -- Create_Selector --
   ---------------------

   procedure Create_Selector (Selector : out Selector_Type) is
      S0  : C.int;
      S1  : C.int;
      S2  : C.int;
      Res : C.int;
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;
      Err : Integer;

   begin
      --  We open two signalling sockets. One socket to send a signal
      --  to a another socket that always included in a C_Select
      --  socket set. When received, it resumes the task suspended in
      --  C_Select.

      --  Create a listening socket

      S0 := C_Socket (Constants.AF_INET, Constants.SOCK_STREAM, 0);
      if S0 = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      --  Sin is already correctly initialized. Bind the socket to any
      --  unused port.

      Res := C_Bind (S0, Sin'Address, Len);
      if Res = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      --  Get the port used by the socket

      Res := C_Getsockname (S0, Sin'Address, Len'Access);

      if Res = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      Res := C_Listen (S0, 2);

      if Res = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      S1 := C_Socket (Constants.AF_INET, Constants.SOCK_STREAM, 0);

      if S1 = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      --  Use INADDR_LOOPBACK

      Sin.Sin_Addr.S_B1 := 127;
      Sin.Sin_Addr.S_B2 := 0;
      Sin.Sin_Addr.S_B3 := 0;
      Sin.Sin_Addr.S_B4 := 1;

      --  Do a connect and accept the connection

      Res := C_Connect (S1, Sin'Address, Len);

      if Res = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Res := C_Close (S1);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      S2 := C_Accept (S0, Sin'Address, Len'Access);

      if S2 = Failure then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Res := C_Close (S0);
         Res := C_Close (S1);
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      Res := C_Close (S0);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Selector.R_Sig_Socket := Socket_Type (S1);
      Selector.W_Sig_Socket := Socket_Type (S2);
   end Create_Selector;

   -------------------
   -- Create_Socket --
   -------------------

   procedure Create_Socket
     (Socket : out Socket_Type;
      Family : Family_Type := Family_Inet;
      Mode   : Mode_Type   := Socket_Stream)
   is
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Socket (Families (Family), Modes (Mode), 0);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Socket := Socket_Type (Res);
   end Create_Socket;

   -----------
   -- Empty --
   -----------

   procedure Empty  (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type) is
   begin
      if Item /= null then
         Free (Item);
      end if;
   end Empty;

   --------------
   -- Finalize --
   --------------

   procedure Finalize is
   begin
      if not Finalized
        and then Initialized
      then
         Finalized := True;
         Thin.Finalize;
      end if;
   end Finalize;

   -----------------
   -- Get_Address --
   -----------------

   function Get_Address (Stream : Stream_Access) return Sock_Addr_Type is
   begin
      if Stream = null then
         raise Socket_Error;

      elsif Stream.all in Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type then
         return Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type (Stream.all).From;

      else
         return Get_Peer_Name (Stream_Socket_Stream_Type (Stream.all).Socket);
      end if;
   end Get_Address;

   -------------------------
   -- Get_Host_By_Address --
   -------------------------

   function Get_Host_By_Address
     (Address : Inet_Addr_Type;
      Family  : Family_Type := Family_Inet)
      return    Host_Entry_Type
   is
      pragma Unreferenced (Family);

      HA  : aliased In_Addr := To_In_Addr (Address);
      Res : Hostent_Access;
      Err : Integer;

   begin
      --  This C function is not always thread-safe. Protect against
      --  concurrent access.

      Task_Lock.Lock;
      Res := C_Gethostbyaddr (HA'Address, HA'Size / 8, Constants.AF_INET);

      if Res = null then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Task_Lock.Unlock;
         Raise_Host_Error (Err);
      end if;

      --  Translate from the C format to the API format

      declare
         HE : Host_Entry_Type := To_Host_Entry (Res.all);

      begin
         Task_Lock.Unlock;
         return HE;
      end;
   end Get_Host_By_Address;

   ----------------------
   -- Get_Host_By_Name --
   ----------------------

   function Get_Host_By_Name
     (Name : String)
      return Host_Entry_Type
   is
      HN  : C.char_array := C.To_C (Name);
      Res : Hostent_Access;
      Err : Integer;

   begin
      --  This C function is not always thread-safe. Protect against
      --  concurrent access.

      Task_Lock.Lock;
      Res := C_Gethostbyname (HN);

      if Res = null then
         Err := Socket_Errno;
         Task_Lock.Unlock;
         Raise_Host_Error (Err);
      end if;

      --  Translate from the C format to the API format

      declare
         HE : Host_Entry_Type := To_Host_Entry (Res.all);

      begin
         Task_Lock.Unlock;
         return HE;
      end;
   end Get_Host_By_Name;

   -------------------
   -- Get_Peer_Name --
   -------------------

   function Get_Peer_Name
     (Socket : Socket_Type)
      return   Sock_Addr_Type
   is
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;
      Res : Sock_Addr_Type (Family_Inet);

   begin
      if C_Getpeername (C.int (Socket), Sin'Address, Len'Access) = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Res.Addr := To_Inet_Addr (Sin.Sin_Addr);
      Res.Port := Port_Type (Network_To_Port (Sin.Sin_Port));

      return Res;
   end Get_Peer_Name;

   ---------------------
   -- Get_Socket_Name --
   ---------------------

   function Get_Socket_Name
     (Socket : Socket_Type)
      return   Sock_Addr_Type
   is
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;
      Res : Sock_Addr_Type (Family_Inet);

   begin
      if C_Getsockname (C.int (Socket), Sin'Address, Len'Access) = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Res.Addr := To_Inet_Addr (Sin.Sin_Addr);
      Res.Port := Port_Type (Network_To_Port (Sin.Sin_Port));

      return Res;
   end Get_Socket_Name;

   -----------------------
   -- Get_Socket_Option --
   -----------------------

   function Get_Socket_Option
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Level  : Level_Type := Socket_Level;
      Name   : Option_Name)
      return   Option_Type
   is
      use type C.unsigned_char;

      V8  : aliased Two_Int;
      V4  : aliased C.int;
      V1  : aliased C.unsigned_char;
      Len : aliased C.int;
      Add : System.Address;
      Res : C.int;
      Opt : Option_Type (Name);

   begin
      case Name is
         when Multicast_Loop  |
              Multicast_TTL   =>
            Len := V1'Size / 8;
            Add := V1'Address;

         when Keep_Alive      |
              Reuse_Address   |
              Broadcast       |
              No_Delay        |
              Send_Buffer     |
              Receive_Buffer  |
              Error           =>
            Len := V4'Size / 8;
            Add := V4'Address;

         when Linger          |
              Add_Membership  |
              Drop_Membership =>
            Len := V8'Size / 8;
            Add := V8'Address;

      end case;

      Res :=
        C_Getsockopt
          (C.int (Socket),
           Levels (Level),
           Options (Name),
           Add, Len'Unchecked_Access);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      case Name is
         when Keep_Alive      |
              Reuse_Address   |
              Broadcast       |
              No_Delay        =>
            Opt.Enabled := (V4 /= 0);

         when Linger          =>
            Opt.Enabled := (V8 (V8'First) /= 0);
            Opt.Seconds := Natural (V8 (V8'Last));

         when Send_Buffer     |
              Receive_Buffer  =>
            Opt.Size := Natural (V4);

         when Error           =>
            Opt.Error := Resolve_Error (Integer (V4));

         when Add_Membership  |
              Drop_Membership =>
            Opt.Multiaddr := To_Inet_Addr (To_In_Addr (V8 (V8'First)));
            Opt.Interface := To_Inet_Addr (To_In_Addr (V8 (V8'Last)));

         when Multicast_TTL   =>
            Opt.Time_To_Live := Integer (V1);

         when Multicast_Loop  =>
            Opt.Enabled := (V1 /= 0);

      end case;

      return Opt;
   end Get_Socket_Option;

   ---------------
   -- Host_Name --
   ---------------

   function Host_Name return String is
      Name : aliased C.char_array (1 .. 64);
      Res  : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Gethostname (Name'Address, Name'Length);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      return C.To_Ada (Name);
   end Host_Name;

   -----------
   -- Image --
   -----------

   function Image
     (Val  : Inet_Addr_VN_Type;
      Hex  : Boolean := False)
      return String
   is
      --  The largest Inet_Addr_Comp_Type image occurs with IPv4. It
      --  has at most a length of 3 plus one '.' character.

      Buffer    : String (1 .. 4 * Val'Length);
      Length    : Natural := 1;
      Separator : Character;

      procedure Img10 (V : Inet_Addr_Comp_Type);
      --  Append to Buffer image of V in decimal format

      procedure Img16 (V : Inet_Addr_Comp_Type);
      --  Append to Buffer image of V in hexadecimal format

      procedure Img10 (V : Inet_Addr_Comp_Type) is
         Img : constant String := V'Img;
         Len : Natural := Img'Length - 1;

      begin
         Buffer (Length .. Length + Len - 1) := Img (2 .. Img'Last);
         Length := Length + Len;
      end Img10;

      procedure Img16 (V : Inet_Addr_Comp_Type) is
      begin
         Buffer (Length)     := Hex_To_Char (Natural (V / 16) + 1);
         Buffer (Length + 1) := Hex_To_Char (Natural (V mod 16) + 1);
         Length := Length + 2;
      end Img16;

   --  Start of processing for Image

   begin
      if Hex then
         Separator := ':';
      else
         Separator := '.';
      end if;

      for J in Val'Range loop
         if Hex then
            Img16 (Val (J));
         else
            Img10 (Val (J));
         end if;

         if J /= Val'Last then
            Buffer (Length) := Separator;
            Length := Length + 1;
         end if;
      end loop;

      return Buffer (1 .. Length - 1);
   end Image;

   -----------
   -- Image --
   -----------

   function Image (Value : Inet_Addr_Type) return String is
   begin
      if Value.Family = Family_Inet then
         return Image (Inet_Addr_VN_Type (Value.Sin_V4), Hex => False);
      else
         return Image (Inet_Addr_VN_Type (Value.Sin_V6), Hex => True);
      end if;
   end Image;

   -----------
   -- Image --
   -----------

   function Image (Value : Sock_Addr_Type) return String is
      Port : constant String := Value.Port'Img;

   begin
      return Image (Value.Addr) & ':' & Port (2 .. Port'Last);
   end Image;

   -----------
   -- Image --
   -----------

   function Image (Socket : Socket_Type) return String is
   begin
      return Socket'Img;
   end Image;

   ---------------
   -- Inet_Addr --
   ---------------

   function Inet_Addr (Image : String) return Inet_Addr_Type is
      use Interfaces.C.Strings;

      Img : chars_ptr := New_String (Image);
      Res : C.int;
      Err : Integer;

   begin
      Res := C_Inet_Addr (Img);
      Err := Errno;
      Free (Img);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Err);
      end if;

      return To_Inet_Addr (To_In_Addr (Res));
   end Inet_Addr;

   ----------------
   -- Initialize --
   ----------------

   procedure Initialize (Process_Blocking_IO : Boolean := False) is
   begin
      if not Initialized then
         Initialized := True;
         Thin.Initialize (Process_Blocking_IO);
      end if;
   end Initialize;

   --------------
   -- Is_Empty --
   --------------

   function Is_Empty (Item : Socket_Set_Type) return Boolean is
   begin
      return Item = null or else Is_Empty (Fd_Set (Item.all));
   end Is_Empty;

   ------------
   -- Is_Set --
   ------------

   function Is_Set
     (Item   : Socket_Set_Type;
      Socket : Socket_Type) return Boolean
   is
   begin
      return Item /= null
        and then Is_Set (Fd_Set (Item.all), C.int (Socket));
   end Is_Set;

   -------------------
   -- Listen_Socket --
   -------------------

   procedure Listen_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Length : Positive := 15)
   is
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Listen (C.int (Socket), C.int (Length));
      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Listen_Socket;

   -------------------
   -- Official_Name --
   -------------------

   function Official_Name (E : Host_Entry_Type) return String is
   begin
      return To_String (E.Official);
   end Official_Name;

   ---------------------
   -- Port_To_Network --
   ---------------------

   function Port_To_Network
     (Port : C.unsigned_short)
      return C.unsigned_short
   is
      use type C.unsigned_short;
   begin
      if Default_Bit_Order = High_Order_First then

         --  No conversion needed. On these platforms, htons() defaults
         --  to a null procedure.

         return Port;

      else
         --  We need to swap the high and low byte on this short to make
         --  the port number network compliant.

         return (Port / 256) + (Port mod 256) * 256;
      end if;
   end Port_To_Network;

   ----------------------
   -- Raise_Host_Error --
   ----------------------

   procedure Raise_Host_Error (Error : Integer) is

      function Error_Message return String;
      --  We do not use a C function like strerror because hstrerror
      --  that would correspond seems to be obsolete. Return
      --  appropriate string for error value.

      function Error_Message return String is
      begin
         case Error is
            when Constants.HOST_NOT_FOUND => return "Host not found";
            when Constants.TRY_AGAIN      => return "Try again";
            when Constants.NO_RECOVERY    => return "No recovery";
            when Constants.NO_ADDRESS     => return "No address";
            when others                   => return "Unknown error";
         end case;
      end Error_Message;

   --  Start of processing for Raise_Host_Error

   begin
      Ada.Exceptions.Raise_Exception (Host_Error'Identity, Error_Message);
   end Raise_Host_Error;

   ------------------------
   -- Raise_Socket_Error --
   ------------------------

   procedure Raise_Socket_Error (Error : Integer) is
      use type C.Strings.chars_ptr;

      function Image (E : Integer) return String;
      function Image (E : Integer) return String is
         Msg : String := E'Img & "] ";
      begin
         Msg (Msg'First) := '[';
         return Msg;
      end Image;

   begin
      Ada.Exceptions.Raise_Exception
        (Socket_Error'Identity, Image (Error) & Socket_Error_Message (Error));
   end Raise_Socket_Error;

   ----------
   -- Read --
   ----------

   procedure Read
     (Stream : in out Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset)
   is
      First : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := Item'First;
      Index : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := First - 1;
      Max   : constant Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset := Item'Last;

   begin
      loop
         Receive_Socket
           (Stream.Socket,
            Item (First .. Max),
            Index,
            Stream.From);

         Last  := Index;

         --  Exit when all or zero data received. Zero means that
         --  the socket peer is closed.

         exit when Index < First or else Index = Max;

         First := Index + 1;
      end loop;
   end Read;

   ----------
   -- Read --
   ----------

   procedure Read
     (Stream : in out Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset)
   is
      First : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := Item'First;
      Index : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := First - 1;
      Max   : constant Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset := Item'Last;

   begin
      loop
         Receive_Socket (Stream.Socket, Item (First .. Max), Index);
         Last  := Index;

         --  Exit when all or zero data received. Zero means that
         --  the socket peer is closed.

         exit when Index < First or else Index = Max;

         First := Index + 1;
      end loop;
   end Read;

   -------------------
   -- Resolve_Error --
   -------------------

   function Resolve_Error
     (Error_Value : Integer;
      From_Errno  : Boolean := True)
      return        Error_Type
   is
      use GNAT.Sockets.Constants;

   begin
      if not From_Errno then
         case Error_Value is
            when HOST_NOT_FOUND => return Unknown_Host;
            when TRY_AGAIN      => return Host_Name_Lookup_Failure;
            when NO_RECOVERY    => return No_Address_Associated_With_Name;
            when NO_ADDRESS     => return Unknown_Server_Error;
            when others         => return Cannot_Resolve_Error;
         end case;
      end if;

      case Error_Value is
         when EACCES          => return Permission_Denied;
         when EADDRINUSE      => return Address_Already_In_Use;
         when EADDRNOTAVAIL   => return Cannot_Assign_Requested_Address;
         when EAFNOSUPPORT    =>
            return Address_Family_Not_Supported_By_Protocol;
         when EALREADY        => return Operation_Already_In_Progress;
         when EBADF           => return Bad_File_Descriptor;
         when ECONNREFUSED    => return Connection_Refused;
         when EFAULT          => return Bad_Address;
         when EINPROGRESS     => return Operation_Now_In_Progress;
         when EINTR           => return Interrupted_System_Call;
         when EINVAL          => return Invalid_Argument;
         when EIO             => return Input_Output_Error;
         when EISCONN         => return Transport_Endpoint_Already_Connected;
         when EMSGSIZE        => return Message_Too_Long;
         when ENETUNREACH     => return Network_Is_Unreachable;
         when ENOBUFS         => return No_Buffer_Space_Available;
         when ENOPROTOOPT     => return Protocol_Not_Available;
         when ENOTCONN        => return Transport_Endpoint_Not_Connected;
         when EOPNOTSUPP      => return Operation_Not_Supported;
         when EPROTONOSUPPORT => return Protocol_Not_Supported;
         when ESOCKTNOSUPPORT => return Socket_Type_Not_Supported;
         when ETIMEDOUT       => return Connection_Timed_Out;
         when EWOULDBLOCK     => return Resource_Temporarily_Unavailable;
         when others          => return Cannot_Resolve_Error;
      end case;
   end Resolve_Error;

   -----------------------
   -- Resolve_Exception --
   -----------------------

   function Resolve_Exception
     (Occurrence : Exception_Occurrence)
     return        Error_Type
   is
      Id    : Exception_Id := Exception_Identity (Occurrence);
      Msg   : constant String := Exception_Message (Occurrence);
      First : Natural := Msg'First;
      Last  : Natural;
      Val   : Integer;

   begin
      while First <= Msg'Last
        and then Msg (First) not in '0' .. '9'
      loop
         First := First + 1;
      end loop;

      if First > Msg'Last then
         return Cannot_Resolve_Error;
      end if;

      Last := First;

      while Last < Msg'Last
        and then Msg (Last + 1) in '0' .. '9'
      loop
         Last := Last + 1;
      end loop;

      Val := Integer'Value (Msg (First .. Last));

      if Id = Socket_Error_Id then
         return Resolve_Error (Val);

      elsif Id = Host_Error_Id then
         return Resolve_Error (Val, False);

      else
         return Cannot_Resolve_Error;
      end if;
   end Resolve_Exception;

   --------------------
   -- Receive_Socket --
   --------------------

   procedure Receive_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset)
   is
      use type Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;

      Res : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Recv
        (C.int (Socket),
         Item (Item'First)'Address,
         Item'Length, 0);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Last := Item'First + Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset (Res - 1);
   end Receive_Socket;

   --------------------
   -- Receive_Socket --
   --------------------

   procedure Receive_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Item   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;
      From   : out Sock_Addr_Type)
   is
      use type Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;

      Res  : C.int;
      Sin  : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len  : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;

   begin
      Res := C_Recvfrom
        (C.int (Socket),
         Item (Item'First)'Address,
         Item'Length, 0,
         Sin'Unchecked_Access,
         Len'Unchecked_Access);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Last := Item'First + Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset (Res - 1);

      From.Addr := To_Inet_Addr (Sin.Sin_Addr);
      From.Port := Port_Type (Network_To_Port (Sin.Sin_Port));
   end Receive_Socket;

   -----------------
   -- Send_Socket --
   -----------------

   procedure Send_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset)
   is
      use type Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;

      Res  : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Send
        (C.int (Socket),
         Item (Item'First)'Address,
         Item'Length, 0);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Last := Item'First + Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset (Res - 1);
   end Send_Socket;

   -----------------
   -- Send_Socket --
   -----------------

   procedure Send_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array;
      Last   : out Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;
      To     : Sock_Addr_Type)
   is
      use type Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset;

      Res : C.int;
      Sin : aliased Sockaddr_In;
      Len : aliased C.int := Sin'Size / 8;

   begin
      Sin.Sin_Family := C.unsigned_short (Families (To.Family));
      Sin.Sin_Addr   := To_In_Addr (To.Addr);
      Sin.Sin_Port   := Port_To_Network (C.unsigned_short (To.Port));

      Res := C_Sendto
        (C.int (Socket),
         Item (Item'First)'Address,
         Item'Length, 0,
         Sin'Unchecked_Access,
         Len);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;

      Last := Item'First + Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset (Res - 1);
   end Send_Socket;

   ---------
   -- Set --
   ---------

   procedure Set (Item : in out Socket_Set_Type; Socket : Socket_Type) is
   begin
      if Item = null then
         Item := new Socket_Set_Record'(Socket_Set_Record (Null_Fd_Set));
      end if;

      Set (Fd_Set (Item.all), C.int (Socket));
   end Set;

   -----------------------
   -- Set_Socket_Option --
   -----------------------

   procedure Set_Socket_Option
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      Level  : Level_Type := Socket_Level;
      Option : Option_Type)
   is
      V8  : aliased Two_Int;
      V4  : aliased C.int;
      V1  : aliased C.unsigned_char;
      Len : aliased C.int;
      Add : System.Address := Null_Address;
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      case Option.Name is
         when Keep_Alive      |
              Reuse_Address   |
              Broadcast       |
              No_Delay        =>
            V4  := C.int (Boolean'Pos (Option.Enabled));
            Len := V4'Size / 8;
            Add := V4'Address;

         when Linger          =>
            V8 (V8'First) := C.int (Boolean'Pos (Option.Enabled));
            V8 (V8'Last)  := C.int (Option.Seconds);
            Len := V8'Size / 8;
            Add := V8'Address;

         when Send_Buffer     |
              Receive_Buffer  =>
            V4  := C.int (Option.Size);
            Len := V4'Size / 8;
            Add := V4'Address;

         when Error           =>
            V4  := C.int (Boolean'Pos (True));
            Len := V4'Size / 8;
            Add := V4'Address;

         when Add_Membership  |
              Drop_Membership =>
            V8 (V8'First) := To_Int (To_In_Addr (Option.Multiaddr));
            V8 (V8'Last)  := To_Int (To_In_Addr (Option.Interface));
            Len := V8'Size / 8;
            Add := V8'Address;

         when Multicast_TTL   =>
            V1  := C.unsigned_char (Option.Time_To_Live);
            Len := V1'Size / 8;
            Add := V1'Address;

         when Multicast_Loop  =>
            V1  := C.unsigned_char (Boolean'Pos (Option.Enabled));
            Len := V1'Size / 8;
            Add := V1'Address;

      end case;

      Res := C_Setsockopt
        (C.int (Socket),
         Levels (Level),
         Options (Option.Name),
         Add, Len);

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Set_Socket_Option;

   ---------------------
   -- Shutdown_Socket --
   ---------------------

   procedure Shutdown_Socket
     (Socket : Socket_Type;
      How    : Shutmode_Type := Shut_Read_Write)
   is
      Res : C.int;

   begin
      Res := C_Shutdown (C.int (Socket), Shutmodes (How));

      if Res = Failure then
         Raise_Socket_Error (Socket_Errno);
      end if;
   end Shutdown_Socket;

   ------------
   -- Stream --
   ------------

   function Stream
     (Socket  : Socket_Type;
      Send_To : Sock_Addr_Type)
     return Stream_Access
   is
      S : Datagram_Socket_Stream_Access;

   begin
      S        := new Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;
      S.Socket := Socket;
      S.To     := Send_To;
      S.From   := Get_Socket_Name (Socket);
      return Stream_Access (S);
   end Stream;

   ------------
   -- Stream --
   ------------

   function Stream
     (Socket : Socket_Type)
      return   Stream_Access
   is
      S : Stream_Socket_Stream_Access;

   begin
      S := new Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;
      S.Socket := Socket;
      return Stream_Access (S);
   end Stream;

   ----------
   -- To_C --
   ----------

   function To_C (Socket : Socket_Type) return Integer is
   begin
      return Integer (Socket);
   end To_C;

   -------------------
   -- To_Host_Entry --
   -------------------

   function To_Host_Entry
     (Host : Hostent)
      return Host_Entry_Type
   is
      use type C.size_t;

      Official : constant String :=
                   C.Strings.Value (Host.H_Name);

      Aliases : constant Chars_Ptr_Array :=
                  Chars_Ptr_Pointers.Value (Host.H_Aliases);
      --  H_Aliases points to a list of name aliases. The list is
      --  terminated by a NULL pointer.

      Addresses : constant In_Addr_Access_Array :=
                    In_Addr_Access_Pointers.Value (Host.H_Addr_List);
      --  H_Addr_List points to a list of binary addresses (in network
      --  byte order). The list is terminated by a NULL pointer.
      --
      --  H_Length is not used because it is currently only set to 4.
      --  H_Addrtype is always AF_INET

      Result    : Host_Entry_Type
        (Aliases_Length   => Aliases'Length - 1,
         Addresses_Length => Addresses'Length - 1);
      --  The last element is a null pointer.

      Source : C.size_t;
      Target : Natural;

   begin
      Result.Official := To_Host_Name (Official);

      Source := Aliases'First;
      Target := Result.Aliases'First;
      while Target <= Result.Aliases_Length loop
         Result.Aliases (Target) :=
           To_Host_Name (C.Strings.Value (Aliases (Source)));
         Source := Source + 1;
         Target := Target + 1;
      end loop;

      Source := Addresses'First;
      Target := Result.Addresses'First;
      while Target <= Result.Addresses_Length loop
         Result.Addresses (Target) :=
           To_Inet_Addr (Addresses (Source).all);
         Source := Source + 1;
         Target := Target + 1;
      end loop;

      return Result;
   end To_Host_Entry;

   ------------------
   -- To_Host_Name --
   ------------------

   function To_Host_Name (N : String) return Host_Name_Type is
   begin
      return (N'Length, N);
   end To_Host_Name;

   ----------------
   -- To_In_Addr --
   ----------------

   function To_In_Addr (Addr : Inet_Addr_Type) return Thin.In_Addr is
   begin
      if Addr.Family = Family_Inet then
         return (S_B1 => C.unsigned_char (Addr.Sin_V4 (1)),
                 S_B2 => C.unsigned_char (Addr.Sin_V4 (2)),
                 S_B3 => C.unsigned_char (Addr.Sin_V4 (3)),
                 S_B4 => C.unsigned_char (Addr.Sin_V4 (4)));
      end if;

      raise Socket_Error;
   end To_In_Addr;

   ------------------
   -- To_Inet_Addr --
   ------------------

   function To_Inet_Addr
     (Addr : In_Addr)
      return Inet_Addr_Type
   is
      Result : Inet_Addr_Type;

   begin
      Result.Sin_V4 (1) := Inet_Addr_Comp_Type (Addr.S_B1);
      Result.Sin_V4 (2) := Inet_Addr_Comp_Type (Addr.S_B2);
      Result.Sin_V4 (3) := Inet_Addr_Comp_Type (Addr.S_B3);
      Result.Sin_V4 (4) := Inet_Addr_Comp_Type (Addr.S_B4);

      return Result;
   end To_Inet_Addr;

   ---------------
   -- To_String --
   ---------------

   function To_String (HN : Host_Name_Type) return String is
   begin
      return HN.Name (1 .. HN.Length);
   end To_String;

   ----------------
   -- To_Timeval --
   ----------------

   function To_Timeval (Val : Duration) return Timeval is
      S  : Timeval_Unit := Timeval_Unit (Val);
      MS : Timeval_Unit := Timeval_Unit (1_000_000 * (Val - Duration (S)));

   begin
      return (S, MS);
   end To_Timeval;

   -----------
   -- Write --
   -----------

   procedure Write
     (Stream : in out Datagram_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array)
   is
      First : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := Item'First;
      Index : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := First - 1;
      Max   : constant Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset := Item'Last;

   begin
      loop
         Send_Socket
           (Stream.Socket,
            Item (First .. Max),
            Index,
            Stream.To);

         --  Exit when all or zero data sent. Zero means that the
         --  socket has been closed by peer.

         exit when Index < First or else Index = Max;

         First := Index + 1;
      end loop;

      if Index /= Max then
         raise Socket_Error;
      end if;
   end Write;

   -----------
   -- Write --
   -----------

   procedure Write
     (Stream : in out Stream_Socket_Stream_Type;
      Item   : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Array)
   is
      First : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := Item'First;
      Index : Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset          := First - 1;
      Max   : constant Ada.Streams.Stream_Element_Offset := Item'Last;

   begin
      loop
         Send_Socket (Stream.Socket, Item (First .. Max), Index);

         --  Exit when all or zero data sent. Zero means that the
         --  socket has been closed by peer.

         exit when Index < First or else Index = Max;

         First := Index + 1;
      end loop;

      if Index /= Max then
         raise Socket_Error;
      end if;
   end Write;

end GNAT.Sockets;