.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" from: @(#)chown.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/31/94 .\" $NetBSD: chown.8,v 1.11 1998/10/05 21:37:38 kim Exp $ .\" .Dd March 31, 1994 .Dt CHOWN 8 .Os BSD 4 .Sh NAME .Nm chown .Nd change file owner and group .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Oo .Fl R .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P .Oc .Op Fl fh .Ar owner Op Ar :group .Ar file ... .Nm "" .Oo .Fl R .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P .Oc .Op Fl fh .Ar :group .Ar file ... .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm sets the user ID and/or the group ID of the specified files. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl H If the .Fl R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.) .It Fl L If the .Fl R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed. .It Fl P If the .Fl R option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. .It Fl R Change the user ID and/or the group ID for the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of just the files themselves. .It Fl f Don't report any failure to change file owner or group, nor modify the exit status to reflect such failures. .It Fl h If .Ar file is a symbolic link, the owner and/or group of the link is changed. .El .Pp The .Fl H , .Fl L and .Fl P options are ignored unless the .Fl R option is specified. In addition, these options override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one specified. .Pp The .Fl L option cannot be used together with the .Fl h option. .Pp The .Ar owner and .Ar group operands are both optional, however, one must be specified. If the .Ar group operand is specified, it must be preceded by a colon (``:'') character. .Pp The .Ar owner may be either a numeric user ID or a user name. If a user name is also a numeric user ID, the operand is used as a user name. The .Ar group may be either a numeric group ID or a group name. If a group name is also a numeric group ID, the operand is used as a group name. .Pp The ownership of a file may only be altered by a super-user for obvious security reasons. .Pp Unless invoked by the super-user, .Nm clears the set-user-id and set-group-id bits on a file to prevent accidental or mischievous creation of set-user-id and set-group-id programs. .Pp The .Nm utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs. .Sh COMPATIBILITY Previous versions of the .Nm utility used the dot (``.'') character to distinguish the group name. This has been changed to be a colon (``:'') character so that user and group names may contain the dot character. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr chgrp 1 , .Xr find 1 , .Xr chown 2 , .Xr lchown 2 , .Xr fts 3 , .Xr symlink 7 .Sh STANDARDS The .Nm command is expected to be POSIX 1003.2 compliant.