(This file was generated from ../fetchmail-FAQ.html)
__________________________________________________________________
Frequently Asked Questions About Fetchmail
Support? Bug reports? Please read G3 for what information is required
to get your problem solved as quickly as possible.
Note that this FAQ is occasionally updated from the SVN repository and
speaks in the past tense ("since") about a fetchmail release that is
not yet available. Please try a release candidate for that version in
case you need the new option.
If you have a question or answer you think ought to be added to this
FAQ list, file it to one of the trackers at our BerliOS project site or
post to one of the fetchmail mailing lists (see below).
Contents
Detailed Contents
G. General problems
B. Build-time problems
F. Fetchmail configuration file grammar questions
C. Configuration questions
T. How to make fetchmail play nice with various MTAs
S. How to make fetchmail work with various servers
I. How to fetchmail work with specific ISPs
K. How to set up well-known security and authentication
R. Runtime fatal errors
H. Hangs and lockups
D. Disappearing mail
M. Multidrop-mode problems
X. Mangled mail
O. Other problems
Detailed Contents
General problems
G1. What is fetchmail and why should I bother?
G2. Where do I find the latest FAQ and fetchmail sources?
G3. Something doesn't work/I think I've found a bug. Will you fix it?
G4. I have this idea for a neat feature. Will you add it?
G5. I want to make fetchmail remove kept mail after some days.
G6. Is there a mailing list for exchanging tips?
G7. So, what's this I hear about a fetchmail paper?
G8. What is the best server to use with fetchmail?
G9. What is the best mail program to use with fetchmail?
G10. How can I avoid sending my password en clair?
G11. Is any special configuration needed to use a dynamic IP address?
G12. Is any special configuration needed to use firewalls?
G13. Is any special configuration needed to send mail?
G14. Is fetchmail Y2K-compliant?
G15. Is there a way in fetchmail to support disconnected IMAP mode?
G16. How will fetchmail perform under heavy loads?
Build-time problems
[DEL: B1. Make coughs and dies when building on FreeBSD. :DEL]
B2. Lex bombs out while building the fetchmail lexer.
B3. I get link failures when I try to build fetchmail.
B4. I get build failures in the intl directory.
Fetchmail configuration file grammar questions
F1. Why does my old .fetchmailrc no longer work?
F2. The .fetchmailrc parser won't accept my all-numeric user name.
F3. The .fetchmailrc parser won't accept my host or username beginning
with 'no'.
F4. I'm getting a 'parse error' message I don't understand.
Configuration questions
C1. Why do I need a .fetchmailrc when running as root on my own
machine?
C2. How can I arrange for a fetchmail daemon to get killed when I log
out?
C3. How do I know what interface and address to use with --interface?
C4. How can I set up support for sendmail's anti-spam features?
C5. How can I poll some of my mailboxes more/less often than others?
C6. Fetchmail works OK started up manually, but not from an init
script.
C7. How can I forward mail to another host?
C8. Why is "NOMAIL" an error?/I frequently get messages from cron!
How to make fetchmail play nice with various MTAs
T1. How can I use fetchmail with sendmail?
T2. How can I use fetchmail with qmail?
T3. How can I use fetchmail with exim?
T4. How can I use fetchmail with smail?
T5. How can I use fetchmail with SCO's MMDF?
T6. How can I use fetchmail with Lotus Notes?
T7. How can I use fetchmail with Courier IMAP?
T8. How can I use fetchmail with vbmailshield?
How to make fetchmail work with various servers
[DEL: S1. How can I use fetchmail with qpopper? :DEL]
S2. How can I use fetchmail with Microsoft Exchange?
S3. How can I use fetchmail with HP OpenMail?
S4. How can I use fetchmail with Novell GroupWise?
S5. How can I use fetchmail with InterChange?
S6. How can I use fetchmail with MailMax?
S7. How can I use fetchmail with FTGate?
How to fetchmail work with specific ISPs
I1. How can I use fetchmail with Compuserve RPA?
I2. How can I use fetchmail with Demon Internet's SDPS?
I3. How can I use fetchmail with usa.net's servers?
I4. How can I use fetchmail with geocities POP3 servers?
I5. How can I use fetchmail with Hotmail or Lycos Webmail?
I6. How can I use fetchmail with MSN?
I7. How can I use fetchmail with SpryNet?
I8. How can I use fetchmail with comcast.net or other Maillennium
servers?
I9. How can I use fetchmail with GMail/Google Mail?
How to set up well-known security and authentication methods
K1. How can I use fetchmail with SOCKS?
K2. How can I use fetchmail with IPv6 and IPsec?
K3. How can I get fetchmail to work with ssh?
K4. What do I have to do to use the IMAP-GSS protocol?
K5. How can I use fetchmail with SSL?
K6. How can I tell fetchmail not to try TLS if the server advertises
it? Why does fetchmail use SSL even though not configured?
Runtime fatal errors
R1. Fetchmail isn't working, and -v shows 'SMTP connect failed'
messages.
R2. When I try to configure an MDA, fetchmail doesn't work.
R3. Fetchmail dumps core when given an invalid rc file.
[DEL: R4. Fetchmail dumps core in -V mode, but operates normally
otherwise. :DEL]
R5. Running fetchmail in daemon mode doesn't work.
R6. Fetchmail randomly dies with socket errors.
R7. Fetchmail running as root stopped working after an OS upgrade
R8. Fetchmail is timing out after fetching certain messages but before
deleting them
R9. Fetchmail is timing out during message fetches
[DEL: R10. Fetchmail is dying with SIGPIPE. :DEL]
R11. My server is hanging or emitting errors on CAPA.
R12. Fetchmail isn't working and reports getaddrinfo errors.
R13. What does "Interrupted system call" mean?
Hangs and lockups
H1. Fetchmail hangs when used with pppd.
H2. Fetchmail hangs during the MAIL FROM exchange.
H3. Fetchmail hangs while fetching mail.
Disappearing mail
D1. I think I've set up fetchmail correctly, but I'm not getting any
mail.
D2. All my mail seems to disappear after a dropped connection.
D3. Mail that was being fetched when I interrupted my fetchmail seems
to have been vanished.
Multidrop-mode problems
M1. I've declared local names, but all my multidrop mail is going to
root anyway.
M2. I can't seem to get fetchmail to route to a local domain properly.
M3. I tried to run a mailing list using multidrop, and I have a mail
loop!
[DEL: M4. My multidrop fetchmail seems to be having DNS problems. :DEL]
M5. I'm seeing long DNS delays before each message is processed.
M6. How do I get multidrop mode to work with majordomo?
M7. Multidrop mode isn't parsing envelope addresses from my Received
headers as it should.
M8. Users are getting multiple copies of messages.
Mangled mail
X1. Spurious blank lines are appearing in the headers of fetched mail.
X2. My mail client can't see a Subject line.
X3. Messages containing "From" at start of line are being split.
X4. My mail is being mangled in a new and different way.
[DEL: X5. Using POP3, retrievals seems to be fetching too much! :DEL]
X6. My mail attachments are being dropped or mangled.
X7. Some mail attachments are hanging fetchmail.
X8. A spurious ) is being appended to my messages.
X9. Missing "Content-Transfer-Encoding" header with Domino IMAP
Other problems
O1. The --logfile option doesn't work if the logfile doesn't exist.
O2. Every time I get a POP or IMAP message the header is dumped to all
my terminal sessions.
O3. Does fetchmail reread its rc file every poll cycle?
O4. Why do deleted messages show up again when I take a line hit while
downloading?
O5. Why is fetched mail being logged with my name, not the real From
address?
O6. I'm seeing long sendmail delays or hangs near the start of each
poll cycle.
O7. Why doesn't fetchmail deliver mail in date-sorted order?
O8. I'm using pppd. Why isn't my monitor option working?
O9. Why does fetchmail keep retrieving the same messages over and over?
[DEL: O10. Why is the received date on all my messages the same? :DEL]
O11. I keep getting messages that say "Repoll immediately" in my logs.
O12. Fetchmail no longer expunges mail on a 451 SMTP response.
O13. I want timestamp information in my fetchmail logs.
O14. Fetchmail no longer deletes oversized mails with --flush.
O15. Fetchmail always retains the first message in the mailbox.
O16. Why is the Fetchmail FAQ only available in ISO-216 A4 format? How
do I get the FAQ in Letter format?
O17. Linux logs "TCP(fetchmail:...): Application bug, race in
MSG_PEEK."
__________________________________________________________________
General problems
G1. What is fetchmail and why should I bother?
Fetchmail is a one-stop solution to the remote mail retrieval problem
for Unix machines, quite useful to anyone with an intermittent or
dynamic-IP connection to a remote mailserver, SLIP or PPP dialup, or
leased line when SMTP isn't desired. Fetchmail can collect mail using
any variant of POP or IMAP and forwards to a the local SMTP (via TCP
socket) or LMTP (via TCP or Unix socket) listener or into an MDA
program, enabling all the normal forwarding/filtering/aliasing
mechanisms that would apply to local mail or mail arriving via a
full-time TCP/IP connection.
Fetchmail is not a toy or a coder's learning exercise, but an
industrial-strength tool capable of transparently handling every
retrieval demand from those of a simple single-user ISP connection up
to mail retrieval and rerouting for an entire client domain. Fetchmail
is easy to configure, unobtrusive in operation, powerful, feature-rich,
and well documented.
Fetchmail is Open Source Software. The openness of the sources enables
you to review and customize the code, and contribute your changes.
A former fetchmail maintainer once claimed that Open Source software
were the strongest quality assurance, but the current maintainers do
not believe that open source alone is a criterion for quality – the
remotely exploitable POP3 vulnerability (CVE-2005-2335) lingered
undiscovered in fetchmail's code for years, which is a hint that open
source code does not audit itself.
Fetchmail is licensed under the GNU General Public License.
If you found this FAQ in the distribution, see the README for
fetchmail's full feature list.
G2. Where do I find the latest FAQ and fetchmail sources?
The latest HTML FAQ is available alongside the latest fetchmail sources
at the fetchmail home page: http://www.fetchmail.info/. You can also
usually find both in the POP mail tools directory on iBiblio.
A text dump of this FAQ is included in the fetchmail distribution.
Because it freezes at distribution release time, it may not be
completely current.
G3. Something does not work/I think I've found a bug. Will you fix it?
The first thing you should to is to upgrade to the newest version of
fetchmail, and then see if the problem reproduces. So you'll probably
save us both time if you upgrade and test with the latest version
before sending in a bug report.
Bugs will be fixed, provided you include enough diagnostic information
for me to go on. Send bugs to fetchmail-users. When reporting bugs,
please include the following:
1. Your operating system.
2. Your compiler version, if you built from source; otherwise, the
name and origin of the RPM or other binary package you installed.
3. The name and version of the SMTP listener or MDA you are forwarding
to.
4. Any command-line options you used.
5. The output of env LC_ALL=C fetchmail -V called with whatever other
command-line options you used.
6. The output of env LC_ALL=C fetchmail --nodetach -vvv --nosyslog
with whatever other command-line options you use routinely.
It is very important that the transcript include your POP/IMAP
server's greeting line, so I can identify it in case of server
problems. This transcript will not reveal your passwords, which are
specially masked out precisely so transcripts can be passed around.
If you have FTP access to your remote mail account, and you have any
suspicion that the bug was triggered by a particular message, please
include a copy of the message that triggered the bug.
If your bug is something that used to work but stopped working when you
upgraded, then you can help pin the bug down by trying intermediate
versions of fetchmail until you identify the revision that broke your
feature. The smart way to do this is by binary search on the version
sequence. First, try the version halfway between your last good one and
the current one. If it works, the failure was introduced in the upper
half of the sequence; if it doesn't, the failure was introduced in the
lower half. Now bisect that half in the same way. In a very few tries,
you should be able to identify the exact adjacent pair of versions
between which your bug was introduced. Please include session
transcripts (as described in the last bullet point above) of both the
working and failing versions. Often, the source of the problem can
instantly identified by looking at the differences in protocol
transactions.
It may helpful if you include your .fetchmailrc file, but not necessary
unless your symptom seems to involve an error in configuration parsing.
If you do send in your .fetchmailrc, mask the passwords first!
Otherwise, fetchmail -V – as directed above – will usually suffice.
If fetchmail seems to run and fetch mail, but the headers look mangled
(that is, headers are missing or blank lines are inserted in the
headers) then read the FAQ items in section X before submitting a bug
report. Pay special attention to the item on diagnosing mail mangling.
There are lots of ways for other programs in the mail chain to screw up
that look like fetchmail's fault, but you may be able to fix these by
tweaking your configuration.
If the bug involves a core dump or hang, a gdb stack trace is good to
have. (Bear in mind that you can attach gdb to a running but hung
process by giving the process ID as a second argument.) You will need
to reconfigure with:
CFLAGS=-g LDFLAGS=" " ./configure
Then rebuild in order to generate a version that can be traced with a
debugger such as gdb, dbx or idb.
Best of all is a mail file which, when fetched, will reproduce the bug
under the latest (current) version.
Any bug I can reproduce will usually get fixed quite quickly. Bugs I
can't reproduce are a crapshoot. If the solution isn't obvious when I
first look, it may evade me for a long time (or to put it another way,
fetchmail is well enough tested that the easy bugs have long since been
found). So if you want your bug fixed rapidly, it is not just
sufficient but necessary that you give me a way to easily reproduce it.
G4. I have this idea for a neat feature. Will you add it?
If it's reasonable for fetchmail and cannot be solved with reasonable
effort outside of fetchmail, perhaps.
You can do spam filtering better with procmail or maildrop on the
server side and (if you're the server sysadmin) sendmail.cf domain
exclusions. If you really want fetchmail to do it from the client side,
use a preconnect command to call mailfilter.
You can do other policy things better with the mda option and script
wrappers around fetchmail. If it's a prime-time-vs.-non-prime-time
issue, ask yourself whether a wrapper script called from crontab would
do the job.
fetchmail's first job is transport though, and it should do this well.
If a feature would cause fetchmail to deteriorate in other respects,
the feature will probably not be added.
For reasons fetchmail doesn't have other commonly-requested features
(such as password encryption, or multiple concurrent polls from the
same instance of fetchmail) see ESR's design notes. Note that this
document is partially obsoleted by the updated design notes.
G5. I want to make fetchmail remove kept mail after some days.
The second-most-requested feature for fetchmail, after content-based
filtering, is the ability to have it remove messages from a maildrop
after N days, typically to be used with the keep option. Several
messaging programs with graphical user interface support this feature.
This feature is not yet implemented. It may be at a future date, spare
time of developers permitting.
For the time being, the contrib/ directory contains some unsupported
tools that may help, namely mold-remover.py and delete-later.
G6. Is there a mailing list for exchanging tips?
There is a fetchmail-users list <fetchmail-users@lists.berlios.de> for
bug reports and people who want to discuss configuration issues of
fetchmail. Please see G3 above for information you need to report. It's
a Mailman list, see
http://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/fetchmail-users for info and
subscription.
There is a fetchmail-devel list <fetchmail-devel@lists.berlios.de> for
people who want to discuss fixes and improvements in fetchmail and help
co-develop it. It's a Mailman list, which you can sign up for at
http://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/fetchmail-devel.
There is also an announcements-only list,
<fetchmail-announce@lists.berlios.de>, which you can sign up for at
http://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/fetchmail-announce.
G7. So, what's this I hear about a fetchmail paper?
Eric S. Raymond also considered fetchmail development a sociological
experiment, an extended test to see if my theory about the critical
features of the Linux development model is correct.
He considers the experiment a success. He wrote a paper about it titled
The Cathedral and the Bazaar which was first presented at Linux
Kongress '97 in Bavaria and very well received there. It was also given
at Atlanta Linux Expo, Linux Pro '97 in Warsaw, and the first Perl
Conference, at UniForum '98, and was the basis of an invited
presentation at Usenix '98. The folks at Netscape told ESR it helped
them decide to give away the source for Netscape Communicator.
If you're reading a non-HTML dump of this FAQ, you can find the paper
on the Web with a search for that title.
G8. What is the best server to use with fetchmail?
Fetchmail will work with any POP, IMAP, ETRN, or ODMR server that
conforms to the relevant standards/RFCs (and even some outright broken
ones like Microsoft Exchange and Novell GroupWise). This doesn't mean
it works equally well with all, however. POP2 servers, and POP3 servers
without UIDL, limit fetchmail's capabilities in various ways described
on the manual page.
Most modern Unixes (and effectively all Linux/*BSD systems) come with
POP3 support preconfigured (but beware of the horribly broken POP3
server mentioned in D2). An increasing minority also feature IMAP (you
can detect IMAP support by using the 'Probe for supported protocols'
function in the fetchmailconf utility - unfortunately it does not
detect SSL-wrapped variants).
If you have the option, we recommend using or installing an IMAP4rev1
or UIDL- and TOP-capable POP3 server. IMAP enables some significant
performance optimizations.
Don't be fooled by NT/Exchange propaganda. M$ Exchange is just plain
broken (see item S2) and NT cannot handle the sustained load of a
high-volume remote mail server. Even Microsoft itself knows better than
to try this; their own Hotmail service runs over Solaris! For extended
discussion, see John Kirch's excellent white paper on Unix vs. NT
performance.
A decent POP3/IMAP server that has recently become popular is Dovecot.
Avoid qmail, it's broken and unmaintained.
G9. What is the best mail program to use with fetchmail?
Fetchmail will work with all popular mail transport programs. It also
doesn't care which user agent you use, and user agents are as a rule
almost equally indifferent to how mail is delivered into your system
mailbox. So any of the popular Unix mail agents – elm, pine, mh, or
mutt – will work fine with fetchmail.
All this having been said, I can't resist putting in a discreet plug
for mutt. Mutt's interface is only a little different from that of its
now-moribund ancestor elm, but its flexibility and excellent handling
of MIME and PGP put it in a class by itself. You won't need its
built-in POP3 support, though.
G10. How can I avoid sending my password en clair?
Depending on what your mail server you are talking to, this ranges from
trivial to impossible. It may even be next to useless.
In general there is little point in trying to secure your fetchmail
transaction unless you trust the security of the server host you are
retrieving mail from. Your vulnerability is more likely to be an
insecure local network on the server end (e.g. to somebody with a
TCP/IP packet sniffer intercepting Ethernet traffic between the modem
concentrator or DSL POP you dial in to and the mailserver host).
Having realized this, you need to ask whether password encryption alone
will really address your security exposure. If you think you might be
snooped between server and client, it's better to use end-to-end
encryption such as GnuPG (see below) on your whole mail stream so none
of it can be read. One of the advantages of fetchmail over conventional
SMTP-push delivery is that you may be able to arrange encryption by
using ssh(1); see K3.
Note that ssh is not a complete privacy solution either, as your mail
could have been snooped in transit to your POP server from wherever it
originated. For best security, agree with your correspondents to use a
tool such as GnuPG (Gnu Privacy Guard) or PGP (Pretty Good Privacy).
If ssh/sshd isn't available, or you find it too complicated for you to
set up, password encryption will at least keep a malicious cracker from
deleting your mail, and require him to either tap your connection
continuously or crack root on the server in order to read it.
You can deduce what encryptions your mail server has available by
looking at the server greeting line (and, for IMAP, the response to a
CAPABILITY query). Do a fetchmail -v to see these, or telnet direct to
the server port (110 for POP3, 143 for IMAP).
If your mailserver is using IMAP 2000, it'll have CRAM-MD5 support
built in. Fetchmail autodetects this; you can skip the rest of this
section.
The POP3 facility you are most likely to have available is APOP. This
is a POP3 feature supported by many servers (fetchmailconf's autoprobe
facility will detect it and tell you if you have it). If you see
something in the greeting line that looks like an
angle-bracket-enclosed Internet address with a numeric left-hand part,
that's an APOP challenge (it will vary each time you log in). For some
hosts, you need to register a secret on the host (using popauth(8) or
some program like that). Specify the secret as your password in your
.fetchmailrc; it will be used to encrypt the current challenge, and the
encrypted form will be sent back the the server for verification. Note
that APOP is no longer considered secure since March 2007.
Alternatively, you may have Kerberos available. This may require you to
set up some magic files in your home directory on your client machine,
but means you can omit specifying any password at all.
Fetchmail supports two different Kerberos schemes. One is a POP3
variant called KPOP; consult the documentation of your mail server to
see if you have it (one clue is the string "krb-IV" in the greeting
line on port 110). The other is an IMAP and POP3 facility described by
RFC1731 and RFC1734. You can tell if this one is present by looking for
AUTH=KERBEROS_V4 in the CAPABILITY response.
If you are fetching mail from a CompuServe POP3 account, you can use
their RPA authentication. See I1 for details. If you are fetching mail
from Microsoft Exchange using IMAP, you will be able to use NTLM.
Your POP3 server may have the RFC1938 OTP capability to use one-time
passwords (if it doesn't, you can get OTP patches for the 2.2 version
of the Qualcomm popper from Craig Metz). To check this, look for the
string "otp-" in the greeting line. If you see it, and your fetchmail
was built with OPIE support compiled in (see the distribution INSTALL
file), fetchmail will detect it also. When using OTP, you will specify
a password but it will not be sent en clair.
You can get both POP3 and IMAP OTP patches from Craig Metz at
http://www.inner.net/opie.
These patches use a SASL authentication method named "X-OTP" because
there is not currently a standard way to do this; fetchmail also uses
this method, so the two will interoperate happily. They better, because
this is how Craig gets his mail ;-)
Finally, you can use SSL for complete end-to-end encryption if you have
an SSL-enabled mailserver.
G11. Is any special configuration needed to use a dynamic IP address?
Yes. In order to avoid giving indigestion to certain picky MTAs
(notably exim), fetchmail always makes the RCPT TO address it feeds the
MTA a fully qualified one with a hostname part. Normally it does this
by appending @ and "localhost", but when you are using Kerberos or ETRN
mode it will append @ and your machine's fully-qualified domain name
(FQDN).
Appending the FQDN can create problems when fetchmail is running in
daemon mode and outlasts the dynamic IP address assignment your client
machine had when it started up.
Since the new IP address (looked up at RCPT TO interpretation time)
doesn't match the original, the most benign possible result is that
your MTA thinks it's seeing a relaying attempt and refuses. More
frequently, fetchmail will try to connect to a nonexistent host address
and time out. Worst case, you could up forwarding your mail to the
wrong machine!
Use the smtpaddress option to force the appended hostname to one with a
(fixed) IP address of 127.0.0.1 in your /etc/hosts. (The name
'localhost' will usually work; or you can use the IP address itself.)
Only one fetchmail option interacts directly with your IP address,
'interface'. This option can be used to set the gateway device and
restrict the IP address range fetchmail will use. Such a restriction is
sometimes useful for security reasons, especially on multihomed sites.
See C3.
I recommend against trying to set up the interface option when
initially developing your poll configuration – it's never necessary to
do this just to get a link working. Get the link working first, observe
the actual address range you see on connections, and add an interface
option (if you need one) later.
You can't use ETRN if you have a dynamic IP address (your ISP changes
your IP address occasionally, possibly with every connect). You need to
have your own registered domain and a definite IP address registered
for that domain. The server needs to be configured to accept mail for
your domain but then queue it to forward to your machine. ETRN just
tells to server to flush its queue for your domain. Fetchmail doesn't
actually get the mail in that case.
You can use On-Demand Mail Relay (ODMR) with a dynamic IP address;
that's what it was designed for, and it provides capabilities very
similar to ETRN. Unfortunately ODMR servers are still not yet widely
deployed, as of 2006.
If you're using a dynamic-IP configuration, one other (non-fetchmail)
problem you may run into with outgoing mail is that some sites will
bounce your email because the hostname you're giving them isn't real
(and doesn't match what they get doing a reverse DNS on your
dynamically-assigned IP address). If this happens, you need to hack
your sendmail so it masquerades as your host. Setting
DMsmarthost.here
in your sendmail.cf will work, or you can set
MASQUERADE_AS(smarthost.here)
in the m4 configuration and do a reconfigure. (In both cases, replace
smarthost.here with the actual name of your mailhost.) See the sendmail
FAQ for more details.
G12. Is any special configuration needed to use firewalls?
No. You can use fetchmail with SOCKS, the standard tool for indirecting
TCP/IP through a firewall. You can find out about SOCKS, and download
the SOCKS software including server and client code, at the SOCKS
distribution site.
The specific recipe for using fetchmail with a firewall is at K1
G13. Is any special configuration needed to send mail?
A user asks: but how do we send mail out to the POP3 server? Do I need
to implement another tool or will fetchmail do this too?
Fetchmail only handles the receiving side. The sendmail or other
preinstalled MTA on your client machine will handle sending mail
automatically; it will ship mail that is submitted while the connection
is active, and put mail that is submitted while the connection is
inactive into the outgoing queue.
Normally, sendmail is also run periodically (every 15 minutes on most
Linux systems) in a mode that tries to ship all the mail in the
outgoing queue. If you have set up something like pppd to automatically
dial out when your kernel is called to open a TCP/IP connection, this
will ensure that the mail gets out.
G14. Is fetchmail Y2K-compliant?
Fetchmail is fully Y2K-compliant.
Fetchmail could theoretically have problems when the 32-bit time_t
counters roll over in 2038, but I doubt it. Timestamps aren't used for
anything but log entry generation. Anyway, if you aren't running on a
64-bit machine by then, you'll deserve to lose.
G15. Is there a way in fetchmail to support disconnected IMAP mode?
No. Fetchmail is a mail transport agent, best understood as a protocol
gateway between POP3/IMAP servers and SMTP. Disconnected operation
requires an elaborate interactive client. It's a very different
problem.
G16. How will fetchmail perform under heavy loads?
Fetchmail streams message bodies line-by-line; the most core it ever
requires per message is enough memory to hold the RFC822 header, and
that storage is freed when body processing begins. It is, accordingly,
quite economical in its use of memory. It will store the UID or UIDL
data in core however, which can become considerable if you are keeping
lots of messages on the server.
After startup time, a fetchmail running in daemon mode stats its
configuration file once per poll cycle to see whether it has changed
and should be rescanned. Other than that, a fetchmail in normal
operation doesn't touch the disk at all; that job is left up to the MTA
or MDA the fetchmail talks to.
Fetchmail's performance is usually bottlenecked by latency on the POP
server or (less often) on the TCP/IP link to the server. This is not a
problem readily solved by tuning fetchmail, or even by buying more
TCP/IP capacity (which tends to improve bandwidth but not necessarily
latency).
__________________________________________________________________
Build-time problems
[DEL: B1. Make coughs and dies when building on FreeBSD. :DEL]
As of release 6.3.0, fetchmail's Makefile[.in] should work flawlessly
with BSD's portable make used on FreeBSD. With older releases, use GNU
make (usually installed as gmake; otherwise try pkg_add -r gmake).
B2. Lex bombs out while building the fetchmail lexer.
fetchmail 6.3.0 and newer ship with the lexer and parser in .c formats,
so you do not need to use lex unless you hacked the .l or .y files.
fetchmail's lexer has been developed with GNU flex and uses some of its
specialties, so the lexer cannot be compiled with the lex tools shipped
by some UNIX vendors (HP, SGI, Sun).
B3. I get link failures when I try to build fetchmail.
If you get errors resembling these:
mxget.o(.text+0x35): undefined referenceto '__res_search'
mxget.o(.text+0x99): undefined reference to '__dn_skipname'
mxget.o(.text+0x11c): undefined reference to '__dn_expand'
mxget.o(.text+0x187): undefined reference to '__dn_expand'
make: *** [fetchmail] Error 1
then you must add "-lresolv" to the LOADLIBS line in your Makefile once
you have installed the 'bind' package.
If you get link errors involving dcgettext, like these:
rcfile_y.o: In function 'yyparse':
rcfile_y.o(.text+0x3aa): undefined reference to 'dcgettext__'
rcfile_y.o(.text+0x4f2): undefined reference to 'dcgettext__'
rcfile_y.o(.text+0x5ee): undefined reference to 'dcgettext__'
rcfile_y.o: In function 'yyerror':
rcfile_y.o(.text+0xc7c): undefined reference to 'dcgettext__'
rcfile_y.o(.text+0xcc8): undefined reference to 'dcgettext__'
rcfile_y.o(.text+0xdf9): more undefined references to 'dcgettext__' follow
install an up to date version of GNU gettext, reconfigure and rebuild
fetchmail. If that does not help, reconfigure with '--disable-nls'
added to the "./configure" command and rebuild.
B4. I get build failures in the intl directory.
Reconfigure with --disable-nls and recompile.
__________________________________________________________________
Fetchmail configuration file grammar questions
F1. Why does my old .fetchmailrc file no longer work?
If your file predates 6.3.0
The netsec option was discontinued and needs to be removed.
If your file predates 5.8.9
If you were using ETRN mode, change your smtphost option to a
fetchdomains option.
If your file predates 5.8.3
The 'via localhost' special case for use with ssh tunnelling is gone.
Use the %h feature of plugin instead.
If your file predates 5.6.8
In 5.6.8, the preauth keyword and option were changed back to auth. The
preauth synonym will still be supported through a few more point
releases.
If your file predates 5.6.5
The imap-gss, imap-k4, and imap-login protocol types are gone. This is
a result of a major re-factoring of the authentication machinery;
fetchmail can now use Kerberos V4 and GSSAPI not just with IMAP but
with POP3 servers that have RFC1734 support for the AUTH command.
When trying to identify you to an IMAP or POP mailserver, fetchmail now
first tries methods that don't require a password (GSSAPI,
KERBEROS_IV); then it looks for methods that mask your password
(CRAM-MD5, X-OTP); and only if it the server doesn't support any of
those will it ship your password en clair.
Setting the preauth option to any value other than 'password' will
prevent from looking for a password in your .netrc file or querying for
it at startup time.
If your file predates 5.1.0
In 5.1.0, the auth keyword and option were changed to preauth.
If your file predates 4.5.5
If the dns option is on (the default), you may need to make sure that
any hostname you specify (for mail hosts or for an SMTP target) is a
canonical fully-qualified hostname). In order to avoid DNS overhead and
complications, fetchmail no longer tries to derive the fetchmail client
machine's canonical DNS name at startup.
If your file predates 4.0.6:
Just after the 'via' option was introduced, I realized that the
interactions between the 'via', 'aka', and 'localdomains' options were
out of control. Their behavior had become complex and confusing, so
much so that I was no longer sure I understood it myself. Users were
being unpleasantly surprised.
Rather than add more options or crock the code, I re-thought it. The
redesign simplified the code and made the options more orthogonal, but
may have broken some complex multidrop configurations.
Any multidrop configurations that depended on the name just after the
'poll' or 'skip' keyword being still interpreted as a DNS name for
address-matching purposes, even in the presence of a 'via' option, will
break.
It is theoretically possible that other unusual configurations (such as
those using a non-FQDN poll name to generate Kerberos IV tickets) might
also break; the old behavior was sufficiently murky that we can't be
sure. If you think this has happened to you, contact the maintainer.
If your file predates 3.9.5:
The 'remote' keyword has been changed to 'folder'. If you try to use
the old keyword, the parser will utter a warning.
If your file predates 3.9:
It could be because you're using a .fetchmailrc that's written in the
old popclient syntax without an explicit 'username' keyword leading the
first user entry attached to a server entry.
This error can be triggered by having a user option such as 'keep' or
'fetchall' before the first explicit username. For example, if you
write
poll openmail protocol pop3
keep user "Hal DeVore" there is hdevore here
the 'keep' option will generate an entire user entry with the default
username (the name of fetchmail's invoking user).
The popclient compatibility syntax was removed in 4.0. It complicated
the configuration file grammar and confused users.
If your file predates 2.8:
The 'interface', 'monitor' and 'batchlimit' options changed after 2.8.
They used to be global options with 'set' syntax like the batchlimit
and logfile options. Now they're per-server options, like 'protocol'.
If you had something like
set interface = "sl0/10.0.2.15"
in your .fetchmailrc file, simply delete that line and insert
'interface sl0/10.0.2.15' in the server options part of your 'defaults'
declaration.
Do similarly for any 'monitor' or 'batchlimit' options.
F2. The .fetchmailrc parser won't accept my all-numeric user name.
Either upgrade to a post-5.0.5 fetchmail or put string quotes around
it. :-)
The configuration file parser in older fetchmail versions treated any
all-numeric token as a number, which confused it when it was expecting
a name. String quoting forces the token's class.
The lexical analyzer in 5.0.6 and beyond is smarter and assumes any
token following "username" or "password" is a string.
F3. The .fetchmailrc parser won't accept my host or username beginning with
'no'.
See F2. You're caught in an unfortunate crack between the newer-style
syntax for negated options ('no keep', 'no rewrite' etc.) and the older
style run-on syntax ('nokeep', 'norewrite' etc.).
Upgrade to a 5.0.6 or later fetchmail, or put string quotes around your
token.
F4. I'm getting a 'parse error' message I don't understand.
The most common cause of mysterious parse errors is putting a server
option after a user option. Check the manual page; you'll probably find
that by moving one or more options closer to the 'poll' keyword you can
eliminate the problem.
Yes, I know these ordering restrictions are hard to understand.
Unfortunately, they're necessary in order to allow the 'defaults'
feature to work.
__________________________________________________________________
Configuration questions
C1. Why do I need a .fetchmailrc when running as root on my own machine?
Ian T. Zimmerman <itz@rahul.net> asked:
On the machine where I'm the only real user, I run fetchmail as root
from a cron job, like this:
fetchmail -u "itz" -p POP3 -s bolero.rahul.net
This used to work as is (with no .fetchmailrc file in root's home
directory) with the last version I had (1.7 or 1.8, I don't remember).
But with 2.0, it RECPs all mail to the local root user, unless I create
a .fetchmailrc in root's home directory containing:
skip bolero.rahul.net proto POP3
user itz is itz
It won't work if the second line is just "user itz". This is silly.
It seems fetchmail decides to RECP the 'default local user' (i.e. the
uid running fetchmail) unless there are local aliases, and the
'default' aliases (itz->itz) don't count. They should.
Answer:
No they shouldn't. I thought about this for a while, and I don't much
like the conclusion I reached, but it's unavoidable. The problem is
that fetchmail has no way to know, in general, that a local user 'itz'
actually exists.
"Ah!" you say, "Why doesn't it check the password file to see if the
remote name matches a local one?" Well, there are two reasons.
One: it's not always possible. Suppose you have an SMTP host declared
that's not the machine fetchmail is running on? You lose.
Two: How do you know server itz and SMTP-host itz are the same person?
They might not be, and fetchmail shouldn't assume they are unless
local-itz can explicitly produce credentials to prove it (that is, the
server-itz password in local-itz's .fetchmailrc file.).
Once you start running down possible failure modes and thinking about
ways to tinker with the mapping rules, you'll quickly find that all the
alternatives to the present default are worse or unacceptably more
complicated or both.
C2. How can I arrange for a fetchmail daemon to get killed when I log out?
The easiest way to dispatch fetchmail on logout (which will work
reliably only if you have just one login going at any time) is to
arrange for the command 'fetchmail -q' to be called on logout. Under
bash, you can arrange this by putting 'fetchmail -q' in the file
'~/.bash_logout'. Most csh variants execute '~/.logout' on logout. For
other shells, consult your shell manual page.
Automatic startup/shutdown of fetchmail is a little harder to arrange
if you may have multiple login sessions going. In the contrib
subdirectory of the fetchmail distribution there is some shell code you
can add to your .bash_login and .bash_logout profiles that will
accomplish this. Thank James Laferriere <babydr@nwrain.net> for it.
Some people start up and shut down fetchmail using the ppp-up and
ppp-down scripts of pppd.
C3. How do I know what interface and address to use with --interface?
This depends a lot on your local networking configuration (and right
now you can't use it at all except under Linux and the newer BSDs).
However, here are some important rules of thumb that can help. If they
don't work, ask your local sysop or your Internet provider.
First, you may not need to use --interface at all. If your machine only
ever does SLIP or PPP to one provider, it's almost certainly by a point
to point modem connection to your provider's local subnet that's pretty
secure against snooping (unless someone can tap your phone or the
provider's local subnet!). Under these circumstances, specifying an
interface address is fairly pointless.
What the option is really for is sites that use more than one provider.
Under these circumstances, typically one of your provider IP addresses
is your mailserver (reachable fairly securely via the modem and
provider's subnet) but the others might ship your packets (including
your password) over unknown portions of the general Internet that could
be vulnerable to snooping. What you'll use --interface for is to make
sure your password only goes over the one secure link.
To determine the device:
1. If you're using a SLIP link, the correct device is probably sl0.
2. If you're using a PPP link, the correct device is probably ppp0.
3. If you're using a direct connection over a local network such as an
ethernet, use the command 'netstat -r' to look at your routing
table. Try to match your mailserver name to a destination entry; if
you don't see it in the first column, use the 'default' entry. The
device name will be in the rightmost column.
To determine the address and netmask:
1. If you're talking to slirp, the correct address is probably
10.0.2.15, with no netmask specified. (It's possible to configure
slirp to present other addresses, but that's the default.)
2. If you have a static IP address, run 'ifconfig <device>', where
<device> is whichever one you've determined. Use the IP address
given after "inet addr:". That is the IP address for your end of
the link, and is what you need. You won't need to specify a
netmask.
3. If you have a dynamic IP address, your connection IP will vary
randomly over some given range (that is, some number of the least
significant bits change from connection to connection). You need to
declare an address with the variable bits zero and a complementary
netmask that sets the range.
To illustrate the rule for dynamic IP addresses, let's suppose you're
hooked up via SLIP and your IP provider tells you that the dynamic
address pool is 255 addresses ranging from 205.164.136.1 to
205.164.136.255. Then
interface "sl0/205.164.136.0/255.255.255.0"
would work. To range over any value of the last two octets (65536
addresses) you would use
interface "sl0/205.164.0.0/255.255.0.0"
C4. How can I set up support for sendmail's anti-spam features?
This answer covers versions of sendmail from 8.9.3-20 (the version
installed in Red Hat 6.2) upwards. If you have an older version,
upgrade to sendmail 8.9.
Stock sendmails can now do anti-spam exclusions based on a database of
filter rules. The human-readable form of the database is at
/etc/mail/access. The database itself is at /etc/mail/access.db.
The table itself uses email addresses, domain names, and network
numbers as keys. For example,
spammer@aol.com REJECT
cyberspammer.com REJECT
192.168.212 REJECT
would refuse mail from spammer@aol.com, any user from cyberspammer.com
(or any host within the cyberspammer.com domain), and any host on the
192.168.212.* network. (This feature can be used to do other things as
well; see the sendmail documentation for details)
To actually set up the database, run
makemap hash deny <deny
in /etc/mail.
To test, send a message to your mailing address from that host and then
pop off the message with fetchmail, using the -v argument. You can
monitor the SMTP transaction, and when the FROM address is parsed, if
sendmail sees that it is an address in spamlist, fetchmail will flush
and delete it.
Under no circumstances put your mailhost or any host you accept mail
from using fetchmail into your reject file. You will lose mail if you
do this!!!
C5. How can I poll some of my mailboxes more/less often than others?
Use the interval keyword on the ones that should be checked less often.
For example, if you do a poll every 5 minutes, and want to poll some
mailboxes every 5 minutes and some every 30 minutes, use something like
this:
poll mainsite.example.com proto pop3 user ....
poll secondary.example.com proto pop3 interval 6 user ...
Then secondary.example.com will be polled every 6th time that
mainsite.example.com is polled, which with a polling interval of every
5 minutes means that secondary.example.com will be polled every 30
minutes.
C6. Fetchmail works OK started up manually, but not from an init script.
Often, startup scripts have a different environment than an interactive
login shell. For instance, $HOME might point to "/root" when you are
logged in as root, but it might be either unset, or set to "/" when the
startup scripts are running. That means fetchmail at startup can't find
the .fetchmailrc.
Pick a location (such as /etc/fetchmailrc) and use fetchmail's -f
option to point fetchmail at it. That should solve the problem.
C7. How can I forward mail to another host?
To forward mail to a host other than the one you are running fetchmail
on, use the smtphost or smtpname option. See the manual page for
details.
C8. Why is "NOMAIL" an error?/I frequently get messages from cron!
Some users want to write scripts that take action only if mail
could/could not be retrieved, thus fetchmail reports if it has
retrieved messages or not.
If you do not want "no mail" to be an error condition (for instance,
for cron jobs), use a POSIX-compliant shell and add this to the end of
the fetchmail command line, it will change an exit code of 1 to 0 and
others to 1:
|| [ $? -eq 1 ]
If you want to map more than one code to 0, you cannot cascade multiple
|| [ $? -eq N ], but you must instead use the -o operator inside the
brackets, (see the test(1) manpage for details), such as:
|| [ $? -eq 1 -o $? -eq 9 ]
A full cron line might then look like this:
*/15 * * * * fetchmail -s || [ $? -eq 1 ]
__________________________________________________________________
How to make fetchmail play nice with various MTAs
T1. How can I use fetchmail with sendmail?
For most sendmails, no special configuration is required. Eric Allman
tells me that if FEATURE(always_add_domain) is included in sendmail's
configuration, you can leave the rewrite option off.
If your sendmail complains "sendmail does not relay", make sure your
sendmail.cf file says Cwlocalhost so that sendmail recognizes
'localhost' as a name of its host.
If you're mailing from another machine on your local network, also
ensure that its IP address is listed in ip_allow or name in name_allow
(usually in /etc/mail/)
If you find that your sendmail doesn't like the address
'FETCHMAIL-DAEMON@localhost' (which is used in the bouncemail that
fetchmail generates), you may have to set
FEATURE(accept_unqualified_senders).
Günther Leber reports that Digital Unix sendmails won't work with
fetchmail. The symptom is an error message "553 Local configuration
error, hostname not recognized as local". The problem is that fetchmail
normally feeds sendmail with the client machine's host address in the
MAIL FROM line. These sendmails think this means they're seeing the
result of a mail loop and suppress the mail. You may be able to work
around this by running in --invisible mode.
If you want to support multidrop mode, and you can get access to your
mailserver's sendmail.cf file, it's a good idea to add this rule:
H?l?Delivered-To: $h
This will cause the mailserver's sendmail to reliably write the
appropriate envelope address into each message before fetchmail sees
it, and tell fetchmail which header it is. With this change, multidrop
mode should work reliably even when the Received header omits the
envelope address (which will typically be the case when the message has
multiple recipients). However it will still not distinguish the
recipients, your only advantage is that no bounce will be sent if a
message is BCC addressed to multiple users at your site. To fix even
that problem, you might want to try the following hack, which is
however untested and quite experimental:
H?J?Delivered-To: $u
Mmdrop, P=/usr/bin/procmail, F=lsDFMqSPfhnu9J,
S=EnvFromSMTP/HdrFromSMTP, R=EnvToSMTP/HdrToSMTP,
T=DNS/RFC822/X-Unix,
A=procmail -Y -a $u -d $h
For both hacks, you have to declare 'envelope "Delivered-To:"' on the
fetchmail side, to put the virtual domain (e.g. 'domain.com') with
RELAY permission into your access file and to add a line reading
'domain.com local:local-pop-user' for the first and 'domain.com
mdrop:local-pop-user' for the second hack to your mailertable.
You will notice that if the mail already has a Delivered-To header,
sendmail will not add another. Further, editing sendmail.cf directly
is not very comfortable. Solutions for both problems can be found in
Peter 'Rattacresh' Backes' 'hybrid' patch against sendmail. Have a
look at it, you can find it in the contrib subdirectory.
Feel free to try Martijn Lievaart's detailed recipe in the contrib
subdirectory of the fetchmail source distribution, it attempts to
realize multidrop mailboxes with an external script.
If for some reason you are invoking sendmail via the mda option (rather
than delivering to port 25 via smtp), don't forget to include the -i
switch. Otherwise you will occasionally get mysterious delivery
failures with a SIGPIPE as the sendmail instance dies. The problem is
messages with a single dot at start of a text line.
T2. How can I use fetchmail with qmail?
qmail as your local SMTP server
Avoid qmail, it's broken and unmaintained.
Turn on the forcecr option; qmail's listener mode doesn't like header
or message lines terminated with bare linefeeds.
(This information contributed by Robert de Bath
<robert@mayday.cix.co.uk>.)
qmail as your ISP's POP3 server
Note that qmail's POP3 server, as of version 1.03 and netqmail 1.05,
miscalculates the message sizes, so you may see size-related fetchmail
warnings.
If a mailhost is using the qmail package, then it is usually possible
to set up one fetchmail link to reliably collect the mail for an entire
domain.
One of the basic features of qmail is the 'Delivered-To:' message
header. Whenever qmail delivers a message to a local mailbox it puts
the username and hostname of the envelope recipient on this line. One
major reason for this is to prevent mail loops, the other is to
transport envelope information which is essential for multidrop
(domain-in-a-mailbox) schemes.
To set up qmail to batch mail for a disconnected site, the ISP-mailhost
will have normally put that site in its 'virtualhosts' control file so
it will add a prefix to all mail addresses for this site. This results
in mail sent to 'username@userhost.userdom.example.com' having a
'Delivered-To:' line of the form:
Delivered-To: mbox-userstr-username@userhost.userdom.example.com
A single host maildrop will be slightly simpler:
Delivered-To: mbox-userstr-username@userhost.example.com
The ISP can make the 'mbox-userstr-' prefix anything they choose but a
string matching the user host name is likely.
To use this line you must:
1. Ensure the option 'envelope "Delivered-To"' is in the fetchmail
config file.
2. Ensure the option 'qvirtual "mbox-userstr-"' is in the fetchmail
config file, in order to remove this prefix from the username.
(added by Luca Olivetti)
3. Ensure you have a localdomains option containing
'userdom.example.com' or 'userhost.userdom.example.com'
respectively.
T3. How can I use fetchmail with exim?
If you have rewrite on:
There is an RFC1123 requirement that MAIL FROM and RCPT TO addresses
you pass to it have to be canonical (e.g. with a fully qualified
hostname part). Therefore fetchmail tries to pass fully qualified RCPT
TO addresses. But exim does not by default accept 'localhost' as a
fully qualified domain. This can be fixed.
In exim.conf, add 'localhost' to your local_domains declaration if it's
not already present. For example, the author's site at thyrsus.com
would have a line reading:
local_domains = thyrsus.com:localhost
If you have rewrite off:
MAIL FROM is a potential problem if the MTAs upstream from your
fetchmail don't necessarily pass canonicalized From and Return-Path
addresses, and fetchmail's rewrite option is off. The specific case
where this has come up involves bounce messages generated by sendmail
on your mailer host, which have the (un-canonicalized) origin address
MAILER-DAEMON.
The right way to fix this is to enable the rewrite option and have
fetchmail canonicalize From and Return-Path addresses with the
mailserver hostname before exim sees them. This option is enabled by
default, so it won't be off unless you turned it off.
If you must run with rewrite off, there is a switch in exim's
configuration files that allows it to accept domainless MAIL FROM
addresses; you will have to flip it by putting the line
sender_unqualified_hosts = localhost
in the main section of the exim configuration file. Note that this will
result in such messages having an incorrect domain name attached to
their return address (your SMTP listener's hostname rather than that of
the remote mail server).
T4. How can I use fetchmail with smail?
Smail 3.2 is very nearly plug-compatible with sendmail, and may work
fine out of the box.
We have one report that when processing multiple messages from a single
fetchmail session, smail sometimes delivers them in an order other than
received-date order. This can be annoying because it scrambles
conversational threads. This is not fetchmail's problem, it is an smail
'feature' and has been reported to the maintainers as a bug.
Very recent smail versions require an -smtp_hello_verify option in the
smail config file. This overrides smail's check to see that the HELO
address is actually that of the client machine, which is never going to
be the case when fetchmail is in the picture. According to RFC1123 an
SMTP listener must allow this mismatch, so smail's new behavior
(introduced sometime between 3.2.0.90 and 3.2.0.95) is a bug.
You may also need to say -smtp_hello_broken_allow=127.0.0.1 in order
for smail to accept the "localhost" that fetchmail normally appends to
recipient addresses.
T5. How can I use fetchmail with SCO's MMDF?
MMDF itself is difficult to configure, but it turns out that connecting
fetchmail to MMDF's SMTP channel isn't that hard. You can read an MMDF
recipe that describes replacing a UUCP link with fetchmail feeding
MMDF.
T6. How can I use fetchmail with Lotus Notes?
The Lotus Notes SMTP gateway tries to deduce when it should convert \n
to \r\n, but its rules are not the intuitive and correct-for-RFC822
ones. Use 'forcecr'.
T7. How can I use fetchmail with Courier IMAP?
The courier mta doesn't like RCPT addresses that look like
someone@localhost. Work around this with an smtphost or smtpaddress.
T8. How can I use fetchmail with vbmailshield?
vbmailshield's SMTP interpreter is broken. It doesn't understand RSET.
As a workaround, you can set batchlimit to 1 so RSET is never used.
__________________________________________________________________
How to make fetchmail work with various servers
[DEL: S1. How can I use fetchmail with qpopper? :DEL]
The information that used to be here was obsolete and dropped.
S2. How can I use fetchmail with Microsoft Exchange?
It's been reliably reported that Exchange 2000's POP3 support is so
broken that it's unusable. One symptom is that messages without a
terminating newline get the POP3 message termination dot emitted -- you
guessed it -- right after the last character of the message, with no
terminating newline added. This will hang fetchmail or any other
RFC-compliant server. IMAP is alleged to work OK, though.
Older versions of Exchange are semi-usable. They randomly drop
attachments on the floor, though. Microsoft acknowledges this as a
known bug and apparently has no plans to fix it.
Fetchmail using IMAP supports the proprietary NTLM mode used with M$
Exchange servers. To enable this, configure fetchmail with the
--enable-NTLM option and recompile it. Specify a user option value that
looks like 'user@domain': the part to the left of the @ will be passed
as the username and the part to the right as the NTLM domain.
M$ Exchange violates the POP3 and IMAP RFCs. Its LIST command does not
reveal the real sizes of mail in the pop mailbox, but the sizes of the
compressed versions in the exchange mail database (thanks to Arjan De
Vet and Guido Van Rooij for alerting us to this problem).
Fetchmail works with M$ Exchange, despite this brain damage. Two
features are compromised. One is that the --limit option will not work
right (it will check against compressed and not actual sizes). The
other is that a too-small SIZE argument may be passed to your ESMTP
listener, assuming you're using one (this should not be a problem
unless the actual size of the message is above the listener's
configured length limit).
Somewhat belatedly, I've learned that there's supposed to be a registry
bit that can fix this breakage:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsExchangeIs\Parameters
System\Pop3 Compatibility
This is a bitmask that controls the variations from the standard
protocol. The bits defined are:
0x00000001:
Report exact message sizes for the LIST command
0x00000002:
Allow arbitrary linear whitespace between commands and arguments
0x00000004:
Enable the LAST command
0x00000008:
Allow an empty PASS command (needed for users with blank
passwords, but illegal in the protocol)
0x00000010:
Relax the length restrictions for arguments to commands
(protocol requires 40, but some user names may be longer than
that).
0x00000020:
Allow spaces in the argument to the USER command.
There's another one that may be useful to know about:
KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsExchangeIs\Parameters
System\Pop3 Performance
0x00000001:
Render messages to a temporary stream instead of sending
directly from the database (should always be on)
0x00000002: Flag unrenderable messages (instead of just failing
commands) (should only be on if you are seeing the problems
reported in KB Q168109)
0x00000004:
Return from the QUIT command before all messages have been
deleted.
The Microsoft pod-person who revealed this information to me admitted
that he couldn't find it anywhere in their public knowledge base.
Another specific problem we have seen with Exchange servers has as its
symptom a response to LOGIN that says "NO Ambiguous Alias". Grant
Edwards writes:
This means that Exchange Server is too f*&#ing stupid to figure out
which mailbox belongs to you. Instead of actually keeping track of
which inbox belongs to which user, it uses some half-witted,
guess-o-matic heuristic to try to guess your mailbox name from your
username.
In your case it doesn't work because your username maps to more than
one mailbox. For some people it doesn't work because their username
maps to zero mailboxes. This is yet another inept, lame, almost
criminally negligent design decision from our friends in Redmond.
You've got several options:
* Get your administrator to configure the server so that usernames
and mailbox names are the same.
* Get your administrator to add an alias that maps your username
explicitly to your mailbox name.
But, the best option involves finding a server that runs better
software.
S3. How can I use fetchmail with HP OpenMail?
No special configuration is required, but OpenMail versions prior to
6.0 have an annoying bug similar to the big one in Microsoft Exchange.
The message sizes it gives in the LIST are rounded to the nearest 1024
bytes. It also has a nasty habit of discarding headers it doesn't
recognize, such as X- and Resent- headers.
As with M$ Exchange, the only real fix for these problems is to get a
POP (or preferably IMAP) server that isn't brain-dead. OpenMail's
project manager claims these bugs have been fixed in 6.0.
We've had a more recent report (December 2001) that the TOP command
fails, returning only one line regardless of its argument, on something
identifying itself as "OpenMail POP3 interface".
S4. How can I use fetchmail with Novell GroupWise?
The Novell GroupWise IMAP server would be better named GroupFoolish; it
is (according to the designer of IMAP) unusably broken. Among other
things, it doesn't include a required content length in its BODY[TEXT]
response.
Fetchmail works around this problem, but we strongly recommend voting
with your dollars for a server that isn't brain-dead.
S5. How can I use fetchmail with InterChange?
You can't. At least not if you want to be able to see attachments.
InterChange has a bug similar to the MailMax server (see below): it
reports the message length with attachments but doesn't download them
on TOP or RETR.
On Jan 9 2001, the people at InfiniteMail sent me mail informing me
that their new 3.61.08 release of InterChange fixes this problem. I
don't have any reports one way or the other yet.
S6. How can I use fetchmail with MailMax?
You can't. At least not if you want to be able to see attachments.
MailMax has a bug; it reports the message length with attachments but
doesn't download them on TOP or RETR.
Also, we're told that TOP sometimes fails to retrieve the entire
message even when enough lines have been specified. The MailMax
developers have acknowledged this bug as of 4 May 2000, but there is no
fix yet. If you must use this server, force RETR with the fetchall
option.
S7. How can I use fetchmail with FTGate?
The FTGate V2 server (and possibly older versions as well) has a weird
bug. It answers OK twice to a TOP request! Use the fetchall option to
force use of RETR and work around this bug.
__________________________________________________________________
How to fetchmail work with specific ISPs
I1. How can I use fetchmail with CompuServe RPA?
First, make sure your fetchmail has the RPA support compiled in. Stock
fetchmail binaries (such as you might get from an RPM) don't. You can
check this by looking at the output of fetchmail -V; if you see the
string "+RPA" after the version ID you're good to go, otherwise you'll
have to build your own from sources (see the INSTALL file in the source
distribution for directions).
Give your CompuServe pass-phrase in lower case as your password. Add
'@compuserve.com' to your user ID so that it looks like 'user
<UserID>@compuserve.com', where <UserID> can be either your numerical
userID or your E-mail nickname. An RPA-enabled fetchmail will
automatically check for csi.com in the POP server's greeting line. If
that's found, and your user ID ends with '@compuserve.com', it will
query the server to see if it is RPA-capable, and if so do an RPA
transaction rather than a plain-text password handshake.
Warning: the debug (-v -v) output of fetchmail will show your
pass-phrase in Unicode!
These two .fetchmailrc entries show the difference between an RPA and
non-RPA configuration:
# This version will use RPA
poll csi.com via "pop.site1.csi.com" with proto POP3 and options no dns
user "CSERVE_USER@compuserve.com" there with password "CSERVE_PASSWORD"
is LOCAL_USER here options fetchall stripcr
# This version will not use RPA
poll non-rpa.csi.com via "pop.site1.csi.com" with proto POP3 and options no dns
user "CSERVE_USER" there with password "CSERVE_POP3_PASSWORD"
is LOCAL_USER here options fetchall stripcr
I2. How can I use fetchmail with Demon Internet's SDPS?
Single-drop mode
You can get fetchmail to download the email for just one user from
Demon Internet's POP3 server by giving it a username consisting of your
Demon user name followed by your account name, with an at-sign between
them.
For example, to download email for the user
<philh@vision25.demon.co.uk>, you could use the following .fetchmailrc
file:
set postmaster "philh"
poll pop3.demon.co.uk with protocol POP3:
user "philh@vision25" is philh
Multi-drop mode
Demon Internet's SDPS service is an implementation of POP3. All
messages have a Received: header added when they enter the maildrop,
like this:
Received: from punt-1.mail.demon.net by mailstore for fred@xyz.demon.co.uk
id 899963657:10:27896:0; Thu, 09 Jul 98 05:54:17 GMT
To enable multi-drop mode you need to tell fetchmail that 'mailstore'
is the name of the host which accepted the mail, and let it know the
hostname part(s) of your E-mail address. The following example assumes
that your hostname is xyz.demon.co.uk, and that you have also bought
"mail forwarding" for the domain my-company.co.uk (in which case your
MTA must also be configured to accept mail sent to
user@my-company.co.uk)
poll pop3.demon.co.uk proto pop3 aka mailstore no dns:
localdomains xyz.demon.co.uk my-company.co.uk
user xyz is *
Note that Demon may delete mail on the server which is more than 30
days old; see their POP3 page for details.
The SDPS extension
There's a different way to do multidrop. It's not necessary on Demon
Internet, since fetchmail can parse Received addresses, but the person
who implemented this didn't know that. It may be useful if Demon
Internet ever changes mail transports.
SDPS includes a non-standard extension for retrieving the envelope of a
message (*ENV), which fetchmail optionally supports if compiled with
the --enable-SDPS option. If you have it, the first line of the
fetchmail -V response will include the string "+SDPS".
Once you have SDPS compiled in, fetchmail in POP3 mode will
automatically detect when it's talking to a Demon Internet host in
multidrop mode, and use the *ENV extension to get an envelope To
address.
The autodetection works by looking at the hostname in the POP3 greeting
line; if you're accessing Demon Internet through a proxy it may fail.
To force SDPS mode, pick "sdps" as your protocol.
I3. How can I use fetchmail with usa.net's servers?
Enable 'fetchall'. A user reports that the 2.2 version of USA.NET's POP
server reports that you must use the 'fetchall' option to make sure
that all of the mail is retrieved, otherwise some may be left on the
server. This is almost certainly a server bug.
The usa.net servers (at least in their 2.2 version, June 1998) don't
handle the TOP command properly, either. Regardless of the argument you
give it, they retrieve only about 10 lines of the message. Fetchmail
normally uses TOP for message retrieval in order to avoid marking
messages seen, but 'fetchall' forces it to use RETR instead.
Also, we're told USA.NET adds a ton of hops to your messages. You may
need to raise the MaxHopCount parameter in your sendmail.cf to avoid
having fetched mail rejected.
I4. How can I use fetchmail with geocities POP3 servers?
Nathan Cutler reports that the the mail.geocities.com POP3 servers fail
to include the first Received line of the message in the send to
fetchmail. This can solve problems if your MUA interprets Received
continuations as body lines and doesn't parse any of the following
headers.
Workaround is to use "mda" keyword or "--mda" switch:
mda "sed -e '1s/^\t/Received: /' | formail | /usr/bin/procmail -d <user>"
Replace \t with exactly one tabulation character.
You should also consider using "fetchall" option because Geocities'
servers sometimes think that the first 45 messages have already been
read.
I5. How can I use fetchmail with Hotmail or Lycos Webmail?
You can't directly. But you can use fetchmail with hotmail or lycos
webmail with the help of the HotWayDaemon daemon. You don't even need
to install hotwayd as a daemon in inetd.conf but can use it as a
plugin. Your configuration should look like this:
poll localhost protocol pop3 tracepolls
plugin "/usr/local/sbin/hotwayd -l 0 -p yourproxy:yourproxyport"
username "youremail@hotmail.com" password "yourpassword"
fetchall
As a second option you may consider using gotmail.
I6. How can I use fetchmail with MSN?
You can't. MSN uses something that looks like POP3, except the
authentication part is nonstandard. And of course they don't document
it, so nobody but their Windows clients can speak it.
This is a customer lock-in tactic; we recommend boycotting MSN as the
only appropriate response.
As of 5.0.8, we have support for the client side of NTLM
authentication. It's possible this may enable fetchmail to talk to MSN;
if so, somebody should report it so this FAQ can be corrected.
I7. How can I use fetchmail with SpryNet?
The SpryNet POP3 servers mark a message queried with TOP as seen. This
means that if your connection drops in mid-message, it may end up
invisibly stuck on your mail spool. Use the fetchall flag to ensure
that it's recovered on the next cycle.
I8. How can I use fetchmail with comcast.net or other Maillennium servers?
Stock fetchmail will work with a Maillennium POP3/PROXY server... but
this server will truncate "TOP" responses after 64 - 82 kB (we have
varying reports), in violation of Internet Standard #53 aka. RFC-1939
(POP3). Don't mistake this for a fetchmail bug. (Reported July 2003.)
Comcast documented they haven't understood what this is about in two
messages from April 2004.
Beginning with version 6.3.2, fetchmail will fall back to the RETR
command if the greeting string contains "Maillennium POP3/PROXY
server", and print a warning message. This means however that fetchmail
has no means to prevent the "seen" flag from being set on the server
(Note that officially, POP3 has no notion of seen tracking, but it
works for some sites.)
Workaround for older versions: use the fetchall option.
I9. How can I use fetchmail with GMail/Google Mail?
Google's IMAP servers, as of April 2008, are broken and re-encode
MIME-encoded headers improperly and are not feature-complete yet. The
model how their servers organize mail also deviates in significant ways
from what the POP3 or IMAP protocol 'fathers' conceived. This means all
sorts of strange effects, for instance, your sent mail may show up in
the mail that fetchmail fetches. It's best to avoid fetching mail from
Google until they are using standards-compliant software.
__________________________________________________________________
How to set up well-known security and authentication methods
K1. How can I use fetchmail with SOCKS?
Giuseppe Guerini added a --with-socks compile-time option that supports
linking with socks library. If you specify the value of this option as
"yes", the configure script will try to find the Rconnect library and
set the makefile up to link it. You can also specify a directory
containing the Rconnect library.
Alan Schmitt has added a similar --with-socks5 option that may work
better if you have a recent version of the SOCKS library.
In either case, fetchmail has no direct configuration hooks, but you
can specify which socks configuration file the library should read by
means of the SOCKS_CONF environment variable. In order to bypass the
SOCKS proxy altogether, you could run (adding your usual options to the
end of this line):
env SOCKS_CONF=/dev/null fetchmail
K2. How can I use fetchmail with IPv6 and IPsec?
To use fetchmail with IPv6, you need a system that supports IPv6, the
"Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6" (RFC 2133).
The NRL IPv6+IPsec software distribution can be obtained from:
http://web.mit.edu/network/isakmp/
More information on using IPv6 with Linux can be obtained from:
* http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/IPv6-HOWTO.html
K3. How can I get fetchmail to work with ssh?
Use the plugin option. This is dead simple with IMAP:
plugin "ssh %h /usr/sbin/imapd"
You may have to use a different absolute pathname, whatever the
location of imapd on your mailserver is. This option tells fetchmail
that instead of opening a connection on the server's port 143 and doing
standard IMAP authentication, fetchmail should ssh to the server and
run imapd, using the more secure ssh authentication (as well as getting
ssh's end-to-end encryption). Most IMAP daemons will detect that
they've been called from the command line and assume the connection is
preauthenticated.
POP3 daemons aren't quite as smart. They won't know they are
preauthenticated in this mode, so you'll actually have to ship your
password. It will be under ssh encryption, though, so that shouldn't be
a problem.
K4. What do I have to do to use the IMAP-GSS protocol?
Fetchmail can use RFC1731 GSSAPI authorization to safely identify you
to your IMAP server, as long as you can share Kerberos V credentials
with your mail host and you have a GSSAPI-capable IMAP server - those
are few.
fetchmail does not compile in support for GSS by default, since it
requires libraries from the Kerberos V distribution (available via FTP
at athena-dist.mit.edu). If you have these, compiling in GSS support is
simple: add a --with-gssapi=[/path/to/krb5/root] option to configure.
For instance, I have all of my Kerberos V libraries installed under
/usr/krb5 so I run configure --with-gssapi=/usr/krb5
Setting up Kerberos V authentication is beyond the scope of this FAQ
(you may find Jim Rome's paper How to Kerberize your site helpful), but
you'll at least need to add a credential for imap/[mailhost] to the
keytab of the mail server (IMAP doesn't just use the host key). Then
you'll need to have your credentials ready on your machine (cf. kinit).
After that things are very simple. Set your protocol to imap-gss in
your .fetchmailrc, and omit the password, since imap-gss doesn't need
one. You can specify a username if you want, but this is only useful if
your mailbox belongs to a username different from your Kerberos
principal.
Now you don't have to worry about your password appearing in cleartext
in your .fetchmailrc, or across the network.
K5. How can I use fetchmail with SSL?
You'll need to have the OpenSSL libraries installed, and they should at
least be version 0.9.6. Configure with --with-ssl. If you have the
OpenSSL libraries installed in commonly-used default locations, this
will suffice. If you have them installed in a non-default location,
you'll need to specify the OpenSSL installation directory as an
argument to --with-ssl after an equal sign.
Fetchmail binaries built this way support ssl, sslkey, and sslcert
options that control SSL encryption, and will automatically use tls if
the server offers it. You will need to have an SSL-enabled mailserver
to use these options. See the manual page for details and some words of
care on the limited security provided.
If your open OpenSSL session dies with a message that complains "PRNG
not seeded", update or improve your operating system. This means that
the OpenSSL library on your machine has been unable to locate a source
of random bits from which to seed its random-number generator; normally
these come from the /dev/urandom, and this message probably means your
OS doesn't have that device.
An interactive program could seed the random number generator from
keystroke timings or some other form of user input. Because fetchmail
is primarily designed to run forever as a background daemon, that
option is not available in this case.
If you don't have the libraries installed, but do have the OpenSSL
utility toolkit, something like this may work (but will not
authenticate the server):
poll MYSERVER port 993 plugin "openssl s_client -connect %h:%p"
protocol imap username MYUSERNAME password MYPASSWORD
You should note that SSL is only secure against a "man-in-the-middle"
attack if the client is able to verify that the peer's public key is
the correct one, and has not been substituted by an attacker. fetchmail
can do this in one of two ways: by verifying the SSL certificate, or by
checking the fingerprint of the peer's public key.
There are three parts to SSL certificate verification: checking that
the domain name in the certificate matches the hostname you asked to
connect to; checking that the certificate expiry date has not passed;
and checking that the certificate has been signed by a known
Certificate Authority (CA). This last step takes some preparation, as
you need to install the root certificates of all the CA's which you
might come across.
The easiest way to do this is using the root CA keys supplied in the
OpenSSL distribution, which means you need to download and unpack the
source tarball from www.openssl.org. Once you have done that:
1. mkdir /etc/ssl/certs
2. in the openssl-x.x.x/certs directory: cp *.pem /etc/ssl/certs/
3. in the openssl-x.x.x/tools directory: edit c_rehash and set
$dir="/etc/ssl"
4. run "perl c_rehash". This generates a number of symlinks within the
/etc/ssl/certs/ directory
Now in .fetchmailrc, set option sslcertpath to point to this directory:
poll pop3.example.com proto pop3 uidl no dns
user foobar@example.com password xyzzy is foobar ssl sslcertpath /etc/ssl/cer
ts
If the server certificate has not been signed by a known CA (e.g. it is
a self-signed certificate), then this certificate validation will
always fail.
Certificate verification is always attempted. If it fails, by default a
warning is printed but the connection carries on (which means you are
not protected against attack). If your server's certificate has been
properly set up and verifies correctly, then add the "sslcertck" option
to enforce validation. If your server doesn't have a valid certificate
though (e.g. it has a self-signed certificate) then it will never
verify, and the only way you can protect yourself is by checking the
fingerprint.
To check the peer fingerprint: first use fetchmail -v once to connect
to the host, at a time when you are pretty sure that there is no attack
in progress (e.g. you are not traversing any untrusted network to reach
the server). Make a note of the fingerprint shown. Now embed this in
your .fetchmailrc using the sslfingerprint option: e.g.
poll pop3.example.com proto pop3 uidl no dns
user foobar@example.com password xyzzy is foobar
ssl sslfingerprint "67:3E:02:94:D3:5B:C3:16:86:71:37:01:B1:3B:BC:E2"
When you next connect, the public key presented by the server will be
verified against the fingerprint given. If it's different, it may mean
that a man-in-the-middle attack is in progress - or it might just mean
that the server changed its key. It's up to you to determine which has
happened.
K6. How can I tell fetchmail not to use TLS if the server advertises it? Why
does fetchmail use SSL even though not configured?
Some servers advertise STLS (POP3) or STARTTLS (IMAP), and fetchmail
will automatically attempt TLS negotiation if SSL was enabled at
compile time. This can however cause problems if the upstream didn't
configure his certificates properly.
In order to prevent fetchmail from trying TLS (STLS, STARTTLS)
negotiation, add this option:
sslproto ssl23
This restricts fetchmail's SSL/TLS protocol choice from the default
"SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1" to the two SSL variants, disabling TLSv1. Note
however that this causes the connection to be unencrypted unless an
encrypting "plugin" is used or SSL is requested explicitly.
__________________________________________________________________
Runtime fatal errors
R1. Fetchmail isn't working, and -v shows 'SMTP connect failed' messages.
Fetchmail itself is probably working, but your SMTP port 25 listener is
down or inaccessible.
The first thing to check is if you can telnet to port 25 on your smtp
host (which is normally 'localhost' unless you've specified an smtp
option in your .fetchmailrc or on the command line) and get a greeting
line from the listener. If the SMTP host is inaccessible or the
listener is down, fix that first.
In Red Hat Linux 6.x, SMTP is disabled by default. To fix this, set
"DAEMON=yes" in your /etc/sysconfig/sendmail file, then restart
sendmail by running "/sbin/service sendmail restart".
If the listener seems to be up when you test with telnet, the most
benign and typical problem is that the listener had a momentary seizure
due to resource exhaustion while fetchmail was polling it -- process
table full or some other problem that stopped the listener process from
forking. If your SMTP host is not 'localhost' or something else in
/etc/hosts, the fetchmail glitch could also have been caused by
transient nameserver failure.
Try running fetchmail -v again; if it succeeds, you had one of these
kinds of transient glitch. You can ignore these hiccups, because a
future fetchmail run will get the mail through.
If the listener tests up, but you have chronic failures trying to
connect to it anyway, your problem is more serious. One way to work
around chronic SMTP connect problems is to use --mda. But this only
attacks the symptom; you may have a DNS or TCP routing problem. You
should really try to figure out what's going on underneath before it
bites you some other way.
We have one report (from toby@eskimo.com) that you can sometimes solve
such problems by doing an smtp declaration with an IP address that your
routing table maps to something other than the loopback device (he used
ppp0).
We also have a report that this error can be caused by having an
/etc/hosts file that associates your client host name with more than
one IP address.
It's also possible that your DNS configuration isn't looking at
/etc/hosts at all. If you're using libc5, look at /etc/resolv.conf; it
should say something like:
order hosts,bind
so your /etc/hosts file is checked first. If you're running GNU libc6,
check your /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Make sure it says something like
hosts: files dns
again, in order to make sure /etc/hosts is seen first.
If you have a hostname set for your machine, and this hostname does not
appear in /etc/hosts, you will be able to telnet to port 25 and even
send a mail with rcpt to: user@host-not-in-/etc/hosts, but fetchmail
can't seem to get in touch with sendmail, no matter what you set
smtpaddress to.
We had another report from a Linux user of fetchmail 2.1 who solved his
SMTP connection problem by removing the reference to -lresolv from his
link line and relinking. Apparently in some older Linux distributions
the libc bind library version works better.
As of 2.2, the configure script has been hacked so the bind library is
linked only if it is actually needed. So under Linux it won't be, and
this particular cause should go away.
R2. When I try to configure an MDA, fetchmail doesn't work.
(I hear this one from people who have run into the blank-line problem
in X1.)
Try sending yourself test mail and retrieving it using the command-line
options '-k -m cat'. This will dump exactly what fetchmail retrieves to
standard output (plus the Received line fetchmail itself adds to the
headers).
If the dump doesn't match what shows up in your mailbox when you
configure an MDA, your MDA is mangling the message. If it doesn't match
what you sent, then fetchmail or something on the server is broken.
R3. Fetchmail dumps core when given an invalid rc file.
Note that this bug should no longer occur when using prepackaged
fetchmail versions or installing unmodified original tarballs, since
these ship with a proper parser .c file.
This is usually reported from AIX or Ultrix, but has even been known to
happen on Linuxes without a recent version of flex installed. The
problem appears to be a result of building with an archaic version of
lex.
Workaround: fix the syntax of your .fetchmailrc file.
Fix: build and install the latest version of flex.
[DEL: R4. Fetchmail dumps core in -V mode, but operates normally otherwise.
:DEL]
The information that used to be here referred to bugs in Linux libc5
systems, which are deemed obsolete by now.
R5. Running fetchmail in daemon mode doesn't work.
We have one report from a SunOS 4.1.4 user that trying to run fetchmail
in detached daemon mode doesn't work, but that using the same options
with -N (nodetach) is OK. We have another report of similar behavior
from one Linux user, but many other Linux users report no problem.
If this happens, you have a specific portability problem with the code
in daemon.c that detaches and backgrounds the daemon fetchmail. The
isolated Linux case has been chased down to a failure in dup(2) that
may reflect a glibc bug.
As a workaround, you can start fetchmail with -N and an ampersand to
background it. A Sun user recommends this:
(fetchmail --nodetach <other params> &)
The extra pair of parens is significant --- it makes sure that the
process detaches from the initial shell (one more shell is started and
dies immediately, detaching fetchmail and making it child of PID 1).
This is important when you start fetchmail interactively and than quit
interactive shell. The line above makes sure fetchmail lives after
that!
R6. Fetchmail randomly dies with socket errors.
Check the MTU value in your PPP interface reported by /sbin/ifconfig.
If it's over 600, change it in your PPP options file. (/etc/ppp/options
on my box). Here are option values that work:
mtu 552
mru 552
Another circumstance that can trigger this is if you are polling a
virtual-mail-server name that is round-robin connected to different
actual servers, so you get different IP addresses on different poll
cycles. To work around this, change the poll name either to the real
name of one of the servers in the ring or to a corresponding IP
address.
R7. Fetchmail running as root stopped working after an OS upgrade
In RH 6.0, the HOME value in the boot-time root environment changed
from /root to / as the result of a change in init. Move your
.fetchmailrc or use a -f option to explicitly point at the file.
(Oddly, a similar problem has been reported from Debian systems.)
R8. Fetchmail is timing out after fetching certain messages but before deleting
them
There's a TCP/IP stalling problem under Redhat 6.0 (and possibly other
recent Linuxes) that can cause this symptom. Brian Boutel writes:
TCP timestamps are turned on on my Linux boxes (I assume it's now
the default). This uses 12 extra bytes per segment. When the tcp
connection starts, the other end agrees a MSS of 1460, and then
fragments 1460 byte chunks into 1448 and 12, because is is not
allowing for the timestamp.
Then, for reasons I can't explain, it waits a long time (typically 2
minutes) after the ack is sent before sending the next (fragmented)
packet. Turning off tcp timestamps avoids the fragmentation and
restores normal behaviour. To do this, [execute]
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_timestamps
I'm still unclear about the details of why this is happening. At
least [now] I am now getting good performance and no queue blocking.
R9. Fetchmail is timing out during message fetches
This is probably a general networking issue. Sending a "RETR" command
will cause the server to start sending large amounts of data, which
means large packets. If your networking layer has a
packet-fragmentation problem or improper firewall settings break Path
MTU discovery (when for instance all ICMP traffic is blocked), that's
where you'll see it.
[DEL: R10. Fetchmail is dying with SIGPIPE. :DEL]
Fetchmail 6.3.5 and newer block SIGPIPE, and many older versions have
already handled this signal, so you shouldn't be seeing SIGPIPE at all.
R11. My server is hanging or emitting errors on CAPA.
Your POP3 server is broken. You can work around this with the
declaration auth password in your .fetchmailrc.
R12. Fetchmail isn't working and reports getaddrinfo errors.
1. Make sure you haven't mistyped the host name or address, and that
your DNS is working. If you cannot fix DNS, give the numeric host
literal, for instance, 192.168.0.1
2. Make sure your /etc/services file (or other services database)
contains the necessary service entries. If you cannot fix the
services database, use the --service option and give the numeric
port address. Common port addresses are:
service port
IMAP 143
IMAP+SSL 993
POP3 110
POP3+SSL 995
R13. What does "Interrupted system call" mean?
Non-fatal signals (such as timers set by fetchmail itself) can
interrupt long-running functions and will then be reported as
"Interrupted system call". These can sometimes be timeouts.
__________________________________________________________________
Hangs and lockups
H1. Fetchmail hangs when used with pppd.
Your problem may be with pppd's 'demand' option. We have a report that
fetchmail doesn't play well with it, but works with pppd if 'demand' is
turned off. We have no idea why this is.
H2. Fetchmail hangs during the MAIL FROM exchange.
The symptom: 'fetchmail -v' retrieves mail fine, but appears to hang
after sending the MAIL FROM command
SMTP> MAIL FROM: <someone@somewhere>
The hang is actually occuring when sendmail looks up a sender's address
in DNS. The problem isn't in fetchmail but in the configuration of
sendmail. You must enable the 'nodns' and 'nocanonify' features of
sendmail.
Here was my fix for RedHat 7.2:
1. # cd /etc/mail
2. # cp sendmail.mc sendmail-mine.mc
3. Edit sendmail-mine.mc and add lines:
FEATURE(nodns)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
4. Build a new sendmail.cf
# m4 sendmail-mine.cf > /etc/sendmail.cf
5. Restart sendmail.
For more details consult the file /usr/share/sendmail-cf/README.
H3. Fetchmail hangs while fetching mail.
The symption: 'fetchmail -v' retrieves the first few messages, but
hangs returning:
fetchmail: SMTP< 550 5.0.0 Access denied
fetchmail: SMTP> RSET
fetchmail: SMTP< 250 2.0.0 Reset state
.......fetchmail: flushed
fetchmail: POP3> DELE 1
fetchmail: POP3< +OK marked deleted
Check and see if you're allowing sendmail connections through TCP
wrappers.
Adding 'sendmail : 127.0.0.1' to /etc/hosts.allow could solve this
problem.
__________________________________________________________________
Disappearing mail
D1. I think I've set up fetchmail correctly, but I'm not getting any mail.
Maybe you have a .forward or alias set up that you've forgotten about.
You should probably remove it.
Or maybe you're trying to run fetchmail in multidrop mode as root
without a .fetchmailrc file. This doesn't do what you think it should;
see question C1.
Or you may not be connecting to the SMTP listener. Run fetchmail -v and
see R1.
Or you may have your local user set incorrectly. In the following line
user 'remoteuser' there with password '*' is 'localuser' here
make sure that 'localuser' does exist and can receive mail.
D2. All my mail seems to disappear after a dropped connection.
One POP3 daemon used in the Berkeley Unix world that reports itself as
POP3 version 1.004 actually throws the queue away. 1.005 fixed that. If
you're running this one, upgrade immediately. (It also truncates long
lines at column 1024.)
Many POP servers, if an interruption occurs, will restore the whole
mail queue after about 10 minutes. Better ones will restore it right
away. If you have an interruption and don't see it right away, cross
your fingers and wait ten minutes before retrying.
Good servers are designed to restore the entire queue, including
messages you have deleted. If you have one of these and it flakes out
on you a lot, try setting a small --fetchlimit value. This will result
in more IP connects to the server, but will mean it actually executes
changes to the queue more often.
D3. Mail that was being fetched when I interrupted my fetchmail seems to have
been vanished.
Fetchmail only sends a delete mail request to the server when either
(a) it gets a positive delivery acknowledgment from the SMTP listener,
or (b) it gets one of the spam-filter errors (see the description of
the antispam> option) from the listener. No interrupt can cause it to
lose mail.
However, IMAP2bis has a design problem in that its normal fetch command
marks a message 'seen' as soon as the fetch command to get it is sent
down. If for some reason the message isn't actually delivered (you take
a line hit during the download, or your port 25 listener can't find
enough free disk space, or you interrupt the delivery in mid-message)
that 'seen' message can lurk invisibly in your server mailbox forever.
Workaround: add the 'fetchall' keyword to your fetch options.
Solution: switch to an IMAP4 server.
__________________________________________________________________
Multidrop-mode problems
M1. I've declared local names, but all my multidrop mail is going to root
anyway.
Somehow your fetchmail is never recognizing the hostname part of
recipient names it parses out of Envelope-header lines (or these are
improperly configured) as matching a name within the designated
domains. To check this, run fetchmail in foreground with -v -v on. You
will probably see a lot of messages with the format "line rejected, %s
is not an alias of the mailserver" or "no address matches; forwarding
to %s."
These errors usually indicate some kind of configuration problem.
The easiest workaround is to add a 'via' option (if necessary) and add
enough 'aka' declarations to cover all of your mailserver's aliases,
then say 'no dns'. This will take DNS out of the picture (though it
means mail may be uncollected if it's sent to an alias of the
mailserver that you don't have listed).
Occasionally these errors indicate the sort of header-parsing problem
described in M7.
M2. I can't seem to get fetchmail to route to a local domain properly.
A lot of people want to use fetchmail as a poor man's internetwork mail
gateway, picking up mail accumulated for a whole domain in a single
server mailbox and then routing based on what's in the To/Cc/Bcc lines.
In general, this is not really a good idea. It would be smarter to just
let the mail sit in the mailserver's queue and use fetchmail's ETRN or
ODMR modes to trigger SMTP sends periodically (of course, this means
you have to poll more frequently than the mailserver's expiration
period). If you can't arrange this, try setting up a UUCP feed.
If neither of these alternatives is available, multidrop mode may do
(though you are going to get hurt by some mailing list software; see
the caveats under THE USE AND ABUSE OF MULTIDROP MAILBOXES on the man
page, and check what is needed at Matthias Andree's "Requisites for
working multidrop mailboxes"). If you want to try it, the way to do it
is with the 'localdomains' option.
In general, if you use localdomains you need to make sure of two other
things:
1. You've actually set up your .fetchmailrc entry to invoke multidrop
mode.
Many people set a 'localdomains' list and then forget that fetchmail
wants to see more than one name (or the wildcard '*') in a 'here' list
before it will do multidrop routing.
2. You may have to set 'no envelope'.
Normally, multidrop mode tries to deduce an envelope address from a
message before parsing the To/Cc/Bcc lines (this enables it to avoid
losing to mailing list software that doesn't put a recipient address in
the To lines).
Some ways of accumulating a whole domain's messages in a single server
mailbox mean it all ends up with a single envelope address that is
useless for rerouting purposes. In this particular case, sell your ISP
a clue. If that does not work, you may have to set 'no envelope' to
prevent fetchmail from being bamboozled by this, but a missing envelope
makes multidrop routing unreliable.
Check also answer T1 on a reliable way to do multidrop delivery if your
ISP (or your mail redirection provider) is using qmail.
M3. I tried to run a mailing list using multidrop, and I have a mail loop!
This isn't fetchmail's fault. Check your mailing list. If the list
expansion includes yourself or anybody else at your mailserver (that
is, not on the client side) you've created a mail loop. Just chop the
host part off any local addresses in the list.
If you use sendmail, you can check the list expansion with sendmail
-bv.
[DEL: M4. My multidrop fetchmail seems to be having DNS problems. :DEL]
The answer that used to be here no longer applies to fetchmail.
M5. I'm seeing long DNS delays before each message is processed.
Use the 'aka' option to pre-declare as many of your mailserver's DNS
names as you can. When an address's host part matches an aka name, no
DNS lookup needs to be done to check it.
If you're sure you've pre-declared all of your mailserver's DNS names,
you can use the 'no dns' option to prevent other hostname parts from
being looked up at all.
Sometimes delays are unavoidable. Some SMTP listeners try to call DNS
on the From-address hostname as a way of checking that the address is
valid.
M6. How do I get multidrop mode to work with majordomo?
In order for sendmail to execute the command strings in the majordomo
alias file, it is necessary for sendmail to think that the mail it
receives via SMTP really is destined for a local user name. A normal
virtual-domain setup results in delivery to the default mailbox, rather
than expansion through majordomo.
Michael <michael@bizsystems.com> gave us a recipe for dealing with this
case that pairs a run control file like this:
poll your.pop3.server proto pop3:
no envelope no dns
localdomains virtual.localdomain1.com virtual.localdomain2.com ...
user yourISPusername is root * here,
password yourISPpassword fetchall
with a hack on your local sendmail.cf like this:
#############################################
# virtual info, local hack for ruleset 98 #
#############################################
# domains to treat as direct mapped local domain
CVvirtual.localdomain1.com virtual.localdomain2.com ...
---------------------------
in ruleset 98 add
-------------------------
# handle virtual users
R$+ <@ $=V . > $: $1 < @ $j . >
R< @ > $+ < @ $=V . > $: $1 < @ $j . >
R< @ > $+ $: $1
R< error : $- $+ > $* $#error $@ $1 $: $2
R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ > $: $>97 $1
This ruleset just strips virtual domain names off the addresses of
incoming mail. Your sendmail must be 8.8 or newer for this to work.
Michael says:
I use this scheme with 2 virtual domains and the default ISP
user+domain and service about 30 mail accounts + majordomo on my
inside pop3 server with fetchmail and sendmail 8.83
M7. Multidrop mode isn't parsing envelope addresses from my Received headers as
it should.
It may happen that you're getting what appear to be well-formed
sendmail Received headers, but fetchmail can't seem to extract an
envelope address from them. There can be a couple of reasons for this.
Spurious Received lines need to be skipped:
First, fetchmail might be looking at the wrong Received header.
Normally it looks only on the first one it sees, on the theory that
that one was last added and is going to be the one containing your
mailserver's theory of who the message was addressed to.
Some (unusual) mailserver configurations will generate extra Received
lines which you need to skip. To arrange this, use the optional skip
prefix argument of the 'envelope' option; you may need to say something
like 'envelope 1 Received' or 'envelope 2 Received'.
The 'by' clause doesn't contain a mailserver alias:
When fetchmail parses a Received line that looks like
Received: from send103.yahoomail.com (send103.yahoomail.com [205.180.60.92])
by iserv.ttns.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA10088
for <ksturgeon@fbceg.org>; Wed, 9 Sep 1998 17:01:59 -0700
it checks to see if 'iserv.ttns.net' is a DNS alias of your mailserver
before accepting 'ksturgeon@fbceg.org' as an envelope address. This
check might fail if your DNS were misconfigured, or if you were using
'no dns' and had failed to declare iserv.ttns.net as an alias of your
server.
M8. Users are getting multiple copies of messages.
It's a consequence of multidrop. What's happening is that you have N
users subscribed to the same list. The list software sends N copies,
not knowing they will end up in the same multidrop box. Since they are
both locally addressed to all N users, fetchmail delivers N copies to
each user.
Fetchmail tries to eliminate adjacent duplicate messages in a multidrop
mailbox. However, this logic depends on the message-ID being identical
in both copies. It also depends on the two copies being adjacent in the
server mailbox. The former is usually the case, but the latter
condition sometimes fails in a timing-dependent way if the server was
processing multiple incoming mail streams.
I could eliminate this problem by keeping a list of all message-IDs
received during a poll so far and dropping any message that matches a
seen mail ID. The trouble is that this is an O(N**2) operation that
might significantly slow down the retrieval of large mail batches.
The real solution however is to make sure that fetchmail can find the
envelope recipient properly, which will reliably prevent this message
duplication.
__________________________________________________________________
Mangled mail
X1. Spurious blank lines are appearing in the headers of fetched mail.
What's probably happening is that the POP/IMAP daemon on your
mailserver is inserting a non-RFC822 header (like X-POP3-Rcpt:) and
something in your delivery path (most likely an old version of the
deliver program, which sendmail often calls to do local delivery) is
failing to recognize it as a header.
This is not fetchmail's problem. The first thing to try is installing a
current version of deliver. If this doesn't work, try to figure out
which other program in your mail path is inserting the blank line and
replace that. If you can't do either of these things, pick a different
MDA (such as maildrop) and declare it with the 'mda' option.
X2. My mail client can't see a Subject line.
First, see X1. This is quite probably the same problem (X-POP3-Rcpt
header or something similar being inserted by the server and choked on
by an old version of deliver).
The O'Reilly sendmail book does warn that IDA sendmail doesn't process
X- headers correctly. If this is your problem, all I can suggest is
replacing IDA sendmail, because it's broken and not RFC822 conformant.
X3. Messages containing "From" at the start of line are being split.
If you know the messages aren't split in your server mailbox, then this
is a problem with your POP/IMAP server, your client-side SMTP listener
or your local delivery agent. Fetchmail cannot split messages.
Some POP server daemons ignore Content-Length headers and split
messages on From lines. We have one report that the 2.1 version of the
BSD popper program (as distributed on Solaris 2.5 and elsewhere) is
broken this way.
You can test this. Declare an mda of 'cat' and send yourself one piece
of mail containing "From" at start of a line. If you see a split
message, your POP/IMAP server is at fault. Upgrade to a more recent
version.
Sendmail and other SMTP listeners don't split RFC822 messages either.
What's probably happening is either sendmail's local delivery agent or
your mail reader are not quite RFC822-conformant and are breaking
messages on what it thinks are Unix-style From headers. You can figure
out which by looking at your client-side mailbox with vi or more. If
the message is already split in your mailbox, your local delivery agent
is the problem. If it's not, your mailreader is the problem.
If you can't replace the offending program, take a look at your
sendmail.cf file. There will likely be a line something like
Mlocal, P=/usr/bin/procmail, F=lsDFMShP, S=10, R=20/40, A=procmail -Y -d $u
describing your local delivery agent. Try inserting the 'E' option in
the flags part (the F= string). This will make sendmail turn each
dangerous start-of-line From into a >From, preventing programs further
downstream from acting up.
X4. My mail is being mangled in a new and different way
The first thing you need to do is pin down what program is doing the
mangling. We don't like getting bug reports about fetchmail that are
actually due to some other program's malfeasance, so please go through
this diagnostic sequence before sending us a complaint.
There are five possible culprits to consider, listed here in the order
they pass your mail:
1. Programs upstream of your server mailbox.
2. The POP or IMAP server on your mailserver host.
3. The fetchmail program itself.
4. Your local sendmail.
5. Your LDA (local delivery agent), as called by sendmail or specified
by mda.
Often it happens that fetchmail itself is OK, but using it exposes
pre-existing bugs in your downstream software, or your downstream
software has a bad interaction with POP/IMAP. You need to pin down
exactly where the message is being garbled in order to deduce what is
actually going on.
The first thing to do is send yourself a test message, and retrieve it
with a .fetchmailrc entry containing the following (or by running with
the equivalent command-line options):
mda "cat >MBOX" keep fetchall
This will capture what fetchmail gets from the server, except for (a)
the extra Received header line fetchmail prepends, (b) header address
changes due to rewrite, and (c) any end-of-line changes due to the
forcecr and stripcr options. MBOX will in fact contain what programs
downstream of fetchmail see.
The most common causes of mangling are bugs and misconfigurations in
those downstream programs. If MBOX looks unmangled, you will know that
is what is going on and that it is not fetchmail's problem. Take a look
at the other FAQ items in this section for possible clues about how to
fix your problem.
If MBOX looks mangled, the next thing to do is compare it with your
actual server mailbox (if possible). That's why you specified keep, so
the server copy would not be deleted. If your server mailbox looks
mangled, programs upstream of your server mailbox are at fault.
Unfortunately there is probably little you can do about this aside from
complaining to your site postmaster, and nothing at all fetchmail can
do about it!
More likely you'll find that the server copy looks OK. In that case
either the POP/IMAP server or fetchmail is doing the mangling. To
determine which, you'll need to telnet to the server port and simulate
a fetchmail session yourself. This is not actually hard (both POP3 and
IMAP are simple, text-only, line-oriented protocols) but requires some
attention to detail. You should be able to use a fetchmail -v log as a
model for a session, but remember that the "*" in your LOGIN or PASS
command dump has to be replaced with your actual password.
The objective of manually simulating fetchmail is so you can see
exactly what fetchmail sees. If you see a mangled message, then your
server is at fault, and you probably need to complain to your
mailserver administrators. However, we like to know what the broken
servers are so we can warn people away from them. So please send us a
transcript of the session including the mangling and the server's
initial greeting line. Please tell us anything else you think might be
useful about the server, like the server host's operating system.
If your manual fetchmail simulation shows an unmangled message,
congratulations. You've found an actual fetchmail bug, which is a
pretty rare thing these days. Complain to us and we'll fix it. Please
include the session transcript of your manual fetchmail simulation
along with the other things described in the FAQ entry on reporting
bugs.
[DEL: X5. Using POP3, retrievals seems to be fetching too much! :DEL]
The information that used to be here pertained to fetchmail 4.4.7 or
older, which should not be used. Use a recent fetchmail version.
X6. My mail attachments are being dropped or mangled.
Fetchmail doesn't discard attachments; fetchmail doesn't have any idea
that attachments are there. Fetchmail treats the body of each message
as an uninterpreted byte stream and passes it through without
alteration. If you are not receiving attachments through fetchmail, it
is because your mailserver is not sending them to you.
The fix for this is to replace your mailserver with one that works. If
its operating system makes this difficult, you should replace its
operating system with one that works. Windows- and NT-based POP servers
seem especially prone to mangle attachments. If you are running one of
these, replacing your server with a Unix machine is probably the only
effective solution.
We've had sporadic reports of problems with Microsoft Exchange and
Outlook servers. These sometimes randomly fail to ship attachments to
your client. This is a known bug, acknowledged by Microsoft.
They may also mangle the attachments they do pass through. If you see
unreadable attachments with a ContentType of "application/x-tnef",
you're having this problem. The TNEF utility may help.
The Mail Max POP3 server and the InterChange and Imail IMAP servers are
known to simply drop MIME attachments when uploading messages.
We've also had a report that Lotus Notes sometimes trashes the MIME
type of messages. In particular, it seems to modify MIME headers of
type application/pdf, mangling the type to application/octet-stream. It
may corrupt other MIME types as well.
The IMAP service of Lotus Domino has a known bug in the way it
generates MIME Content-type headers (observed on Lotus Domino 5.0.2b).
It's a subtle one that doesn't show up when Netscape Messenger and
other clients use a FETCH BODY[] to grab the whole message. When
fetchmail uses FETCH RFC822.HEADER and FETCH RFC822.TEXT to get first
the header and then the body, Domino generates different Boundary tags
for each part, e.g. one tag is declared in the Content-type header and
another is used to separate the MIME parts in the body. This doesn't
work. (I have heard a rumor that this bug is scheduled to be fixed in
Domino release 6; you can find a workaround at contrib/domino.)
Rob Funk explains: Unfortunately there also remain many mail user
agents that don't write correct MIME messages. One big offender is Sun
MailTool attachments, which are formatted enough like MIME that some
programs could get confused; these are generated by the mailtool and
dtmail programs (the mail programs in Sun's OpenWindows and CDE
environments).
One solution to problems related to misformatted MIME attachments is
the emil program; see its tutorial file at that site for details on
emil. It is useful for converting character sets, attachment encodings,
and attachment formats. At this writing, emil does not appear to have
been maintained since a patch to version 2.1.0beta9 in late 1997, but
it is still useful.
One good way of using emil is from within procmail. You can have
procmail look for signs of problematic message formatting, and pipe
those messages through emil to be fixed. emil will not always be able
to fix the problem, in which case the message is unchanged.
A possible rule to be inserted into a .procmailrc file for using emil
would be:
:0HB
* 1^1 ^Content-Type: \/X-sun[^;]*
* 1^1 ^Content-Type: \/application/mac-binhex[^;]*
* 1^1 ^Content-Transfer-Encoding: \/x-binhex[^;]*
* 1^1 ^Content-Transfer-Encoding: \/x-uuencode[^;]*
{
LOG="Converting $MATCH
"
:0fw
| emil -A B -T Q -B BA -C iso-8859-1 -H Q -F MIME \
| gawk '{gsub(/\r\n?/,"\n");print $0}'
}
The "1^1" in the conditions is a way of specifying to procmail that if
any one of the four listed expressions is found in the message, the
total condition is considered true, and the message gets passed into
emil. These four subconditions check whether the message has a Sun
attachment, a binhex attachment, or a uuencoded attachment; there are
others that could be added to check these things better and to check
other relevant conditions. The "LOG=" line writes a line into the
procmail log; the lone double-quote beginning the following line makes
sure the log entry gets an end-of-line character. The call to gawk (GNU
awk) is for fixing end-of-line conventions, since emil sometimes leaves
those in the format of the originating machine; it could probably be
replaced with a sed subsitution.
The emil call itself tries to ensure that the message uses:
* BinHex encoding for any Apple Macintosh-only attachments
* Quoted-Printable encoding for text (when necessary)
* Base64 Encoding for binary attachments
* iso-8859-1 character set for text (unfortunately emil can't yet
convert from windows-1252 to iso-8859-1)
* Quoted-Printable encoding for headers
* MIME attachment format
Most of these (the primary exceptions being the character set and the
Apple binary format) are as they should be for good internet
interoperability.
Some mail servers (Lotus Domino is a suspect here) mangle Sun-formatted
messages, so the conversion to MIME needs to happen before such
programs see the message. The ideal is to rid the world of
Sun-formatted messages: don't use mailtool for sending attachments (it
doesn't understand MIME anyway, and most of the world doesn't
understand its attachments, so it really shouldn't be used at all), and
make sure dtmail is set to use MIME rather than mailtool's format.
X7. Some mail attachments are hanging fetchmail.
This isn't fetchmail's problem either; fetchmail doesn't know anything
about mail attachments and doesn't treat them any differently from
plain message data.
The most usual cause of this problem seems to be bugs in your network
transport layer's capability to handle the very large TCP/IP packets
that attachments tend to turn into. You can test this theory by trying
to download the offending message through a webmail account; using HTTP
for the message tends to simulate large-packet stress rather well, and
you will probably find that the messages that seem to be choking
fetchmail will make your HTTP download speed drop to zero.
This problem can be caused by subtle bugs in the packet-reassembly
layer of your TCP/IP stack; these often don't manifest at normal packet
sizes. It may also be caused by malfunctioning path-MTU discovery on
the mailserver. Or, if there's a modem in the link, it may be because
the attachment contains the Hayes mode escape "+++".
X8. A spurious ) is being appended to my messages.
Blame it on that rancid pile of dung and offal called Microsoft
Exchange. Due to the problem described in S2, the IMAP support in
fetchmail cannot follow the IMAP protocol 100%. Most of the time it
doesn't matter, but if you combine it with an SMTP server that behaves
unusually, you'll get a spurious ) at message end.
One piece of software that can trigger this is the Interchange mail
server, as used by, e.g., mailandnews.com. Here's what happens:
1. Someone sends mail to your account. The last line of the message
contains text. So at the SMTP level, the message ends with, e.g.
"blahblah\r\n.\r\n"
2. The SMTP handler sees the final "\r\n.\r\n" and recognizes the end
of the message. However, instead of doing the normal thing, which is
tossing out the ".\r\n" and leaving the first '\r\n' as part of the
email body, Interchange throws out the whole "\r\n.\r\n", and leaves
the email body without any line terminator at the end of it. RFC821
does not forbid this, though it probably should.
3. Fetchmail, or some other IMAP client, asks for the message. IMAP
returns it, but it's enclosed inside parentheses, according to the
protocol. The message size in bytes is also present. Because the
message doesn't end with a line terminator, the IMAP client sees:
....blahblah)...
where the ')' is from IMAP.
4. Fetchmail only deals with complete lines, and can't trust the stated
message size because Microsoft Exchange fscks it up.
5. As a result, fetchmail takes the final 'blahblah)' and puts it at
the end of the message it forwards on. If you have verbosity on, you'll
get a message about actual != expected.
There is no fix for this. The nuke mentioned in S2 looks more tempting
all the time.
X9. Missing "Content-Transfer-Encoding" header with Domino IMAP
Domino 6 IMAP was found by Anthony Kim in February 2006 to erroneously
omit the "Content-Transfer-Encoding" header in messages downloaded
through IMAP, causing messages to display improperly. This happened
with Domino's incoming mail format configured to "Prefers MIME".
Solution: switch Domino to "Keep in Sender's format".
Reference: Anthony Kim's list post
__________________________________________________________________
Other problems
O1. The --logfile option doesn't work if the logfile doesn't exist.
This is a feature, not a bug. It's in line with normal practice for
system daemons and allows you to suppress logging by removing the log
file, without hacking potentially fragile startup scripts. To get
around it, just touch(1) the logfile before you run fetchmail (this
will have no effect on the contents of the logfile if it already
exists).
O2. Every time I get a POP or IMAP message, the header is dumped to all my
terminal sessions.
Fetchmail uses the local sendmail to perform final delivery, which
Mozilla and other clients don't do; the announcement of new messages is
done by a daemon that sendmail pokes. There should be a "biff" command
to control this. Type
biff n
to turn it off. If this doesn't work, try the command
chmod -x $(tty)
which is essentially what biff -n will do. If this doesn't work,
comment out any reference to "comsat" in your /etc/inetd.conf file and
reload (or restart) inetd.
In Slackware Linux distributions, the last line in /etc/profile is
biff y
Change this to
biff n
to solve the problem system-wide.
O3. Does fetchmail reread its rc file every poll cycle?
No, but versions 5.2.2 and later will notice when you modify your rc
file and restart, reading it. Note that this causes troubles if you
need to provide a password via the console, unless you're running in
--nodetach mode.
O4. Why do deleted messages show up again when I take a line hit while
downloading?
According to the POP3 RFCs, deletes aren't actually performed until you
issue the end-of-session QUIT command. Fetchmail cannot fix this, but
there is a workaround: use the --expunge option with a reasonably low
figure that works for you. Try 10 for a start.
IMAP is less susceptible to this problem, because the "deleted" message
marks are persistent, but they aren't in POP3. Note that the --expunge
default for IMAP is different than the default for POP3.
If you get very unlucky, you might take a line hit in the window
between the delete and the expunge. If you've set a longer expunge
interval, the window gets wider. This problem should correct itself the
next time you complete a successful query.
O5. Why is fetched mail being logged with my name, not the real From address?
Because logging is done based on the address indicated by the sending
SMTP's MAIL FROM, and some listeners are picky about that address.
Some SMTP listeners get upset if you try to hand them a MAIL FROM
address naming a different host than the originating site for your
connection. This is a feature, not a bug -- it's supposed to help
prevent people from forging mail with a bogus origin site. (RFC 1123
says you shouldn't do this exclusion...)
Since the originating site of a fetchmail delivery connection is
localhost, this effectively means these picky listeners will barf on
any MAIL FROM address fetchmail hands them with an @ in it!
Versions 2.1 and up try the header From address first and fall back to
the calling-user ID. So if your SMTP listener isn't picky, the log will
look right.
O6. I'm seeing long sendmail delays or hangs near the start of each poll cycle.
Sendmail does a hostname lookup when it first starts up, and also each
time it gets a HELO in listener mode.
Your resolver configuration may be causing one of these lookups to fail
and time out. Check your /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/host.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf (if you have the latter two) and you /etc/hosts
files. Make sure your hostname and fully-qualified domain name are both
in /etc/hosts, and that hosts is looked at before DNS is queried. You
probably also want your remote mail server(s) to be in the hosts file.
You can suppress the startup-time lookup if need to by reconfiguring
with FEATURE(nodns).
Configuring your bind library to cache DNS lookups locally may help,
and is a good idea for speeding up other services as well. Switching to
a faster MTA like Postfix might help.
O7. Why doesn't fetchmail deliver mail in date-sorted order?
Because that's not the order the server hands it to fetchmail in.
Fetchmail getting mail from a POP server delivers mail in the order
that your server delivers mail. Fetchmail can't do anything about this;
it's a limitation of the underlying POP protocol.
In theory it might be possible for fetchmail in IMAP mode to sort
messages by date, but this would be in violation of two basics of
fetchmail's design philosophy: (a) to be as simple and transparent a
pipe as possible, and (b) to hide, rather than emphasize, the
differences between the remote-fetch protocols it uses.
Re-ordering messages is a user-agent function, anyway.
O8. I'm using pppd. Why isn't my monitor option working?
There is a combination of circumstances that can confuse fetchmail. If
you have set up demand dialing with pppd, and pppd has an idle timeout,
and you have lcp-echo-interval set, then the lcp-echo-interval time
must be longer than the pppd idle timeout. Otherwise it is going keep
increasing the packet counters that fetchmail relies upon, triggering
fetchmail into polling after its own delay interval and thus preventing
the pppd link from ever reaching its inactivity timeout.
O9. Why does fetchmail keep retrieving the same messages over and over?
First, check to see that you haven't enabled the keep and fetchall
option. If you have, turn one of them off - which one, depends on why
they have been set in the first place, and to a lesser degree on the
upstream server.
This can also happen when some other mail client is logged in to your
mail server, if it uses a simple exclusive-locking scheme (and many,
especially most POP3 servers, do exactly that). Your fetchmail is able
to retrieve the messages, but because the mailbox is write-locked by
the other instance yours can neither mark messages seen or delete them.
The solution is to either (a) wait for the other client to finish, or
(b) terminate it.
[DEL: O10. Why is the received date on all my messages the same? :DEL]
The answer that used to be here made no sense and was dropped.
O11. I keep getting messages that say "Repoll immediately" in my logs.
This is your server barfing on the CAPA probe that fetchmail sends.
Because some servers like to drop the connection after that probe,
fetchmail will re-poll immediately with this probe defeated.
If you run fetchmail in daemon mode (say "set daemon 600"), you will
get the message only once per run.
If you set an authentication method explicitly (say, with auth
password), you will never get the message.
O12. Fetchmail no longer expunges mail on a 451 SMTP response.
This is a feature, not a bug.
Any 4xx response (like 451) indicates a transient (temporary) error.
This means that the mail could be accepted if retried later. Lookup
failures are normally transient errors as a mail should not get
rejected if a dns server is unreachable or down.
A permanent reject response is of the form 5xx (like 550).
You could tell your SMTP server to not lookup any addresses if you are
not keen on checking the sender addresses. This problem typically
occurs if your mail server is not checking the sender addresses, but
your local server is.
Or you could declare antispam 451, which is not recommended though, as
it may cause mail loss.
Or, you could check your nameserver configuration and query logs for
dns errors.
All these issues are not related to fetchmail directly.
O13. I want timestamp information in my fetchmail logs.
Write a preconnect command in your configuration file that does
something like "date >> $HOME/fetchmail.log".
O14. Fetchmail no longer deletes oversized mails with --flush.
Use --limitflush (available since release 6.3.0) to delete oversized
mails along with the --limit option. If you are already having flush in
your rcfile to delete oversized mails, replace it with limitflush to
avoid losing mails unintentionally.
The --flush option is primarily designed to delete mails which have
been read/downloaded but not deleted yet. This option cannot be
overloaded to delete oversized mails as it cannot be guessed whether
the user wants to delete only read/downloaded mails or only oversized
mails or both when a user specifies both --limit and --flush. Hence, a
separate --limitflush has been added to resolve the ambiguity.
O15. Fetchmail always retains the first message in the mailbox.
This happens when fetchmail sees an "X-IMAP:" header in the very first
message in your mailbox. This usually stems from a message like the one
shown below, which is automatically created on your server. This
message shows up if the University of Washington IMAP or PINE software
is used on the server together with a POP2 or POP3 daemon that is not
aware of these messages, such as some versions of Qualcomm Popper
(QPOP):
From MAILER-DAEMON Wed Nov 23 11:38:42 2005
Date: 23 Nov 2005 11:38:42 +0100
From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@imap.example.org>
Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
Message-ID: <1132742322@imap.example.org>
X-IMAP: 1132742306 0000000001
Status: RO
This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
a real message. It is created automatically by the mail system software.
If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
with the data reset to initial values.
As this message does not contain useful information, fetchmail is not
retrieving it. And deleting it might slow down the server if you are
keeping messages on the server, and the server would recreate it
anyways, that's why fetchmail does not bother to delete it either.
O16. Why is the Fetchmail FAQ only available in ISO-216 A4 format? How do I get
the FAQ in Letter format?
All the world uses ISO-216:1975 "A4" paper except for North America.
Using A4 format reaches far more people than (formerly known as DIN A4,
from DIN 476) format. Besides that, A4 paper is available in North
America. For further information on the Letter-vs-A4 story, see:
* Markus Kuhn: "International standard paper sizes"
* Brian Forte: "A4 vs US Letter"
Offering the document formatted for two different paper sizes would
bloat the package beyond reason, and formatting in a way that fits A4
and Letter paper formats would be a waste of paper in most parts of the
world. For that reason, fetchmail only ships with an A4 formatted PDF
document.
To create a letter-sized PDF, install HTMLDOC, edit fetchmail-FAQ.book
in the source directory with your favorite text editor, replace --size
A4 by --size letter, and type:
make fetchmail-FAQ.pdf
O17. Linux logs "TCP(fetchmail:...): Application bug, race in MSG_PEEK."
That's in fact a bug in Linux kernels around the late 2.6.2X versions,
rather than fetchmail. Fetchmail has no race bugs around MSG_PEEK, as
of version 6.3.9. The message can safely be ignored.
__________________________________________________________________
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
Matthias Andree