cc-mode.el [plain text]

;;; cc-mode.el --- major mode for editing C and similar languages

;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1987, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
;;   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
;;   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Authors:    2003- Alan Mackenzie
;;             1998- Martin Stjernholm
;;             1992-1999 Barry A. Warsaw
;;             1987 Dave Detlefs and Stewart Clamen
;;             1985 Richard M. Stallman
;; Maintainer: bug-cc-mode@gnu.org
;; Created:    a long, long, time ago. adapted from the original c-mode.el
;; Keywords:   c languages oop

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
;; Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;; NOTE: Read the commentary below for the right way to submit bug reports!
;; NOTE: See the accompanying texinfo manual for details on using this mode!
;; Note: The version string is in cc-defs.

;; This package provides GNU Emacs major modes for editing C, C++,
;; Objective-C, Java, CORBA's IDL, Pike and AWK code.  As of the
;; latest Emacs and XEmacs releases, it is the default package for
;; editing these languages.  This package is called "CC Mode", and
;; should be spelled exactly this way.

;; CC Mode supports K&R and ANSI C, ANSI C++, Objective-C, Java,
;; CORBA's IDL, Pike and AWK with a consistent indentation model
;; across all modes.  This indentation model is intuitive and very
;; flexible, so that almost any desired style of indentation can be
;; supported.  Installation, usage, and programming details are
;; contained in an accompanying texinfo manual.

;; CC Mode's immediate ancestors were, c++-mode.el, cplus-md.el, and
;; cplus-md1.el..

;; To submit bug reports, type "C-c C-b".  These will be sent to
;; bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org (mirrored as the Usenet newsgroup
;; gnu.emacs.bug) as well as bug-cc-mode@gnu.org, which directly
;; contacts the CC Mode maintainers.  Questions can sent to
;; help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org (mirrored as gnu.emacs.help) and/or
;; bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.  Please do not send bugs or questions to our
;; personal accounts; we reserve the right to ignore such email!

;; Many, many thanks go out to all the folks on the beta test list.
;; Without their patience, testing, insight, code contributions, and
;; encouragement CC Mode would be a far inferior package.

;; You can get the latest version of CC Mode, including PostScript
;; documentation and separate individual files from:
;;
;;     http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/
;;
;; You can join a moderated CC Mode announcement-only mailing list by
;; visiting
;;
;;    http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/cc-mode-announce

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile
  (let ((load-path
	 (if (and (boundp 'byte-compile-dest-file)
		  (stringp byte-compile-dest-file))
	     (cons (file-name-directory byte-compile-dest-file) load-path)
	   load-path)))
    (load "cc-bytecomp" nil t)))

(cc-require 'cc-defs)
(cc-require-when-compile 'cc-langs)
(cc-require 'cc-vars)
(cc-require 'cc-engine)
(cc-require 'cc-styles)
(cc-require 'cc-cmds)
(cc-require 'cc-align)
(cc-require 'cc-menus)

;; Silence the compiler.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp) ; Emacs
(cc-bytecomp-defun set-keymap-parents)	; XEmacs
(cc-bytecomp-defun run-mode-hooks)	; Emacs 21.1
(cc-bytecomp-obsolete-fun make-local-hook) ; Marked obsolete in Emacs 21.1.

;; We set these variables during mode init, yet we don't require
;; font-lock.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar font-lock-defaults)
(cc-bytecomp-defvar font-lock-syntactic-keywords)

;; Menu support for both XEmacs and Emacs.  If you don't have easymenu
;; with your version of Emacs, you are incompatible!
(cc-external-require 'easymenu)

;; Autoload directive for emacsen that doesn't have an older CC Mode
;; version in the dist.
(autoload 'c-subword-mode "cc-subword"
  "Mode enabling subword movement and editing keys." t)

;; Load cc-fonts first after font-lock is loaded, since it isn't
;; necessary until font locking is requested.
; (eval-after-load "font-lock" ; 2006-07-09: font-lock is now preloaded.
;   '
(require 'cc-fonts) ;)

;; cc-langs isn't loaded when we're byte compiled, so add autoload
;; directives for the interface functions.
(autoload 'c-make-init-lang-vars-fun "cc-langs")
(autoload 'c-init-language-vars "cc-langs" nil nil 'macro)

;; Other modes and packages which depend on CC Mode should do the
;; following to make sure everything is loaded and available for their
;; use:
;;
;; (require 'cc-mode)
;;
;; And in the major mode function:
;;
;; (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
;; (c-init-language-vars some-mode)
;; (c-common-init 'some-mode) ; Or perhaps (c-basic-common-init 'some-mode)
;;
;; If you're not writing a derived mode using the language variable
;; system, then some-mode is one of the language modes directly
;; supported by CC Mode.  You can then use (c-init-language-vars-for
;; 'some-mode) instead of `c-init-language-vars'.
;; `c-init-language-vars-for' is a function that avoids the rather
;; large expansion of `c-init-language-vars'.
;;
;; If you use `c-basic-common-init' then you might want to call
;; `c-font-lock-init' too to set up CC Mode's font lock support.
;;
;; See cc-langs.el for further info.  A small example of a derived mode
;; is also available at <http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/
;; derived-mode-ex.el>.

(defun c-leave-cc-mode-mode ()
  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode nil))

;; Make the `c-lang-setvar' variables buffer local in the current buffer.
;; These are typically standard emacs variables such as `comment-start'.
(defmacro c-make-emacs-variables-local ()
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (init)
		 `(make-local-variable ',(car init)))
	       (cdr c-emacs-variable-inits))))

(defun c-init-language-vars-for (mode)
  "Initialize the language variables for one of the language modes
directly supported by CC Mode.  This can be used instead of the
`c-init-language-vars' macro if the language you want to use is one of
those, rather than a derived language defined through the language
variable system (see \"cc-langs.el\")."
  (c-make-emacs-variables-local)
  (cond ((eq mode 'c-mode)    (c-init-language-vars c-mode))
	((eq mode 'c++-mode)  (c-init-language-vars c++-mode))
	((eq mode 'objc-mode) (c-init-language-vars objc-mode))
	((eq mode 'java-mode) (c-init-language-vars java-mode))
	((eq mode 'idl-mode)  (c-init-language-vars idl-mode))
	((eq mode 'pike-mode) (c-init-language-vars pike-mode))
	((eq mode 'awk-mode)  (c-init-language-vars awk-mode))
	(t (error "Unsupported mode %s" mode))))

;;;###autoload
(defun c-initialize-cc-mode (&optional new-style-init)
  "Initialize CC Mode for use in the current buffer.
If the optional NEW-STYLE-INIT is nil or left out then all necessary
initialization to run CC Mode for the C language is done.  Otherwise
only some basic setup is done, and a call to `c-init-language-vars' or
`c-init-language-vars-for' is necessary too (which gives more
control).  See \"cc-mode.el\" for more info."

  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode t)

  (let ((initprop 'cc-mode-is-initialized)
	c-initialization-ok)
    (unless (get 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop)
      (unwind-protect
	  (progn
	    (put 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop t)
	    (c-initialize-builtin-style)
	    (run-hooks 'c-initialization-hook)
	    ;; Fix obsolete variables.
	    (if (boundp 'c-comment-continuation-stars)
		(setq c-block-comment-prefix c-comment-continuation-stars))
	    (add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook 'c-leave-cc-mode-mode)
	    (setq c-initialization-ok t))
	;; Will try initialization hooks again if they failed.
	(put 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop c-initialization-ok))))

  (unless new-style-init
    (c-init-language-vars-for 'c-mode)))

;;; Common routines.

(defvar c-mode-base-map ()
  "Keymap shared by all CC Mode related modes.")

(defun c-make-inherited-keymap ()
  (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
    ;; Necessary to use `cc-bytecomp-fboundp' below since this
    ;; function is called from top-level forms that are evaluated
    ;; while cc-bytecomp is active when one does M-x eval-buffer.
    (cond
     ;; XEmacs
     ((cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'set-keymap-parents)
      (set-keymap-parents map c-mode-base-map))
     ;; Emacs
     ((cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'set-keymap-parent)
      (set-keymap-parent map c-mode-base-map))
     ;; incompatible
     (t (error "CC Mode is incompatible with this version of Emacs")))
    map))

(defun c-define-abbrev-table (name defs)
  ;; Compatibility wrapper for `define-abbrev' which passes a non-nil
  ;; sixth argument for SYSTEM-FLAG in emacsen that support it
  ;; (currently only Emacs >= 21.2).
  (let ((table (or (symbol-value name)
		   (progn (define-abbrev-table name nil)
			  (symbol-value name)))))
    (while defs
      (condition-case nil
	  (apply 'define-abbrev table (append (car defs) '(t)))
	(wrong-number-of-arguments
	 (apply 'define-abbrev table (car defs))))
      (setq defs (cdr defs)))))
(put 'c-define-abbrev-table 'lisp-indent-function 1)

(defun c-bind-special-erase-keys ()
  ;; Only used in Emacs to bind C-c C-<delete> and C-c C-<backspace>
  ;; to the proper keys depending on `normal-erase-is-backspace'.
  (if normal-erase-is-backspace
      (progn
	(define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>")
	  'c-hungry-delete-forward)
	(define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
	  'c-hungry-delete-backwards))
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-forward)))

(if c-mode-base-map
    nil

  (setq c-mode-base-map (make-sparse-keymap))

  ;; Separate M-BS from C-M-h.  The former should remain
  ;; backward-kill-word.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [(control meta h)] 'c-mark-function)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-q"    'c-indent-exp)
  (substitute-key-definition 'backward-sentence
			     'c-beginning-of-statement
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'forward-sentence
			     'c-end-of-statement
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'indent-new-comment-line
			     'c-indent-new-comment-line
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'indent-for-tab-command
			     'c-indent-command
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (when (fboundp 'comment-indent-new-line)
    ;; indent-new-comment-line has changed name to
    ;; comment-indent-new-line in Emacs 21.
    (substitute-key-definition 'comment-indent-new-line
			       'c-indent-new-comment-line
			       c-mode-base-map global-map))

  ;; RMS says don't make these the default.
  ;; (April 2006): RMS has now approved these commands as defaults.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-a"    'c-beginning-of-defun)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-e"    'c-end-of-defun)

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-n"  'c-forward-conditional)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-p"  'c-backward-conditional)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-u"  'c-up-conditional)

  ;; It doesn't suffice to put `c-fill-paragraph' on
  ;; `fill-paragraph-function' since `c-fill-paragraph' must be called
  ;; before any fill prefix adaption is done.  E.g. `filladapt-mode'
  ;; replaces `fill-paragraph' and does the adaption before calling
  ;; `fill-paragraph-function', and we have to mask comments etc
  ;; before that.  Also, `c-fill-paragraph' chains on to
  ;; `fill-paragraph' and the value on `fill-parapgraph-function' to
  ;; do the actual filling work.
  (substitute-key-definition 'fill-paragraph 'c-fill-paragraph
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)
  ;; In XEmacs the default fill function is called
  ;; fill-paragraph-or-region.
  (substitute-key-definition 'fill-paragraph-or-region 'c-fill-paragraph
			     c-mode-base-map global-map)

  ;; We bind the forward deletion key and (implicitly) C-d to
  ;; `c-electric-delete-forward', and the backward deletion key to
  ;; `c-electric-backspace'.  The hungry variants are bound to the
  ;; same keys but prefixed with C-c.  This implies that C-c C-d is
  ;; `c-hungry-delete-forward'.  For consistency, we bind not only C-c
  ;; <backspace> to `c-hungry-delete-backwards' but also
  ;; C-c C-<backspace>, so that the Ctrl key can be held down during
  ;; the whole sequence regardless of the direction.  This in turn
  ;; implies that we bind C-c C-<delete> to `c-hungry-delete-forward',
  ;; for the same reason.

  ;; Bind the electric deletion functions to C-d and DEL.  Emacs 21
  ;; automatically maps the [delete] and [backspace] keys to these two
  ;; depending on window system and user preferences.  (In earlier
  ;; versions it's possible to do the same by using `function-key-map'.)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-d" 'c-electric-delete-forward)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\177" 'c-electric-backspace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-d"     'c-hungry-delete-forward)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c ?\d]    'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c ?\C-\d] 'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c deletechar] 'c-hungry-delete-forward) ; C-c <delete> on a tty.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c (control deletechar)] ; C-c C-<delete> on a tty.
    'c-hungry-delete-forward)
  (when (boundp 'normal-erase-is-backspace)
    ;; The automatic C-d and DEL mapping functionality doesn't extend
    ;; to special combinations like C-c C-<delete>, so we have to hook
    ;; into the `normal-erase-is-backspace' system to bind it directly
    ;; as appropriate.
    (add-hook 'normal-erase-is-backspace-hook 'c-bind-special-erase-keys)
    (c-bind-special-erase-keys))

  (when (fboundp 'delete-forward-p)
    ;; In XEmacs we fix the forward and backward deletion behavior by
    ;; binding the keysyms for the [delete] and [backspace] keys
    ;; directly, and use `delete-forward-p' to decide what [delete]
    ;; should do.  That's done in the XEmacs specific
    ;; `c-electric-delete' and `c-hungry-delete' functions.
    (define-key c-mode-base-map [delete]    'c-electric-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map [backspace] 'c-electric-backspace)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c <delete>") 'c-hungry-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>") 'c-hungry-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c <backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards))

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "#"         'c-electric-pound)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "{"         'c-electric-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "}"         'c-electric-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "/"         'c-electric-slash)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "*"         'c-electric-star)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ";"         'c-electric-semi&comma)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ","         'c-electric-semi&comma)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ":"         'c-electric-colon)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "("         'c-electric-paren)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ")"         'c-electric-paren)

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-\\" 'c-backslash-region)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-a"  'c-toggle-auto-newline)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-b"  'c-submit-bug-report)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-c"  'comment-region)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-l"  'c-toggle-electric-state)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-o"  'c-set-offset)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-q"  'c-indent-defun)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-s"  'c-show-syntactic-information)
  ;; (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-t"  'c-toggle-auto-hungry-state)  Commented out by ACM, 2005-03-05.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c."     'c-set-style)
  ;; conflicts with OOBR
  ;;(define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-v"  'c-version)
  ;; (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-y"  'c-toggle-hungry-state)  Commented out by ACM, 2005-11-22.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-w" 'c-subword-mode)
  )

;; We don't require the outline package, but we configure it a bit anyway.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar outline-level)

(defun c-mode-menu (modestr)
  "Return a menu spec suitable for `easy-menu-define' that is exactly
like the C mode menu except that the menu bar item name is MODESTR
instead of \"C\".

This function is provided for compatibility only; derived modes should
preferably use the `c-mode-menu' language constant directly."
  (cons modestr (c-lang-const c-mode-menu c)))

;; Ugly hack to pull in the definition of `c-populate-syntax-table'
;; from cc-langs to make it available at runtime.  It's either this or
;; moving the definition for it to cc-defs, but that would mean to
;; break up the syntax table setup over two files.
(defalias 'c-populate-syntax-table
  (cc-eval-when-compile
    (let ((f (symbol-function 'c-populate-syntax-table)))
      (if (byte-code-function-p f) f (byte-compile f)))))

;; CAUTION: Try to avoid installing things on
;; `before-change-functions'.  The macro `combine-after-change-calls'
;; is used and it doesn't work if there are things on that hook.  That
;; can cause font lock functions to run in inconvenient places during
;; temporary changes in some font lock support modes, causing extra
;; unnecessary work and font lock glitches due to interactions between
;; various text properties.
;; 
;; (2007-02-12): The macro `combine-after-change-calls' ISN'T used any
;; more.

(defun c-unfind-enclosing-token (pos)
  ;; If POS is wholly inside a token, remove that id from
  ;; `c-found-types', should it be present.  Return t if we were in an
  ;; id, else nil.
  (save-excursion
    (let ((tok-beg (progn (goto-char pos)
			  (and (c-beginning-of-current-token) (point))))
	  (tok-end (progn (goto-char pos)
			  (and (c-end-of-current-token) (point)))))
      (when (and tok-beg tok-end)
	(c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties tok-beg tok-end))
	t))))

(defun c-unfind-coalesced-tokens (beg end)
  ;; unless the non-empty region (beg end) is entirely WS and there's at
  ;; least one character of WS just before or after this region, remove
  ;; the tokens which touch the region from `c-found-types' should they
  ;; be present.
  (or (c-partial-ws-p beg end)
      (save-excursion
	(progn
	  (goto-char beg)
	  (or (eq beg (point-min))
	      (c-skip-ws-backward (1- beg))
	      (/= (point) beg)
	      (= (c-backward-token-2) 1)
	      (c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties
			      (point) beg)))
	  (goto-char end)
	  (or (eq end (point-max))
	      (c-skip-ws-forward (1+ end))
	      (/= (point) end)
	      (progn (forward-char) (c-end-of-current-token) nil)
	      (c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties
			      end (point))))))))

;; c-maybe-stale-found-type records a place near the region being
;; changed where an element of `found-types' might become stale.  It 
;; is set in c-before-change and is either nil, or has the form:
;;
;;   (c-decl-id-start "foo" 97 107  " (* ooka) " "o"), where
;;   
;; o - `c-decl-id-start' is the c-type text property value at buffer
;;   pos 96.
;; 
;; o - 97 107 is the region potentially containing the stale type -
;;   this is delimited by a non-nil c-type text property at 96 and
;;   either another one or a ";", "{", or "}" at 107.
;; 
;; o - " (* ooka) " is the (before change) buffer portion containing
;;   the suspect type (here "ooka").
;;
;; o - "o" is the buffer contents which is about to be deleted.  This
;;   would be the empty string for an insertion.
(defvar c-maybe-stale-found-type nil)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-maybe-stale-found-type)

(defun c-before-change (beg end)
  ;; Function to be put on `before-change-function'.  Currently
  ;; (2007-02) it is used only to remove stale entries from the
  ;; `c-found-types' cache, and to record entries which a
  ;; `c-after-change' function might confirm as stale.
  ;; 
  ;; Note that this function must be FAST rather than accurate.  Note
  ;; also that it only has any effect when font locking is enabled.
  ;; We exploit this by checking for font-lock-*-face instead of doing
  ;; rigourous syntactic analysis.

  ;; If either change boundary is wholly inside an identifier, delete
  ;; it/them from the cache.  Don't worry about being inside a string
  ;; or a comment - "wrongly" removing a symbol from `c-found-types'
  ;; isn't critical.
  (setq c-maybe-stale-found-type nil)
  (save-restriction
    (save-match-data
      (widen)
      (save-excursion
	;; Are we inserting/deleting stuff in the middle of an identifier?
	(c-unfind-enclosing-token beg)
	(c-unfind-enclosing-token end)
	;; Are we coalescing two tokens together, e.g. "fo o" -> "foo"?
	(when (< beg end)
	  (c-unfind-coalesced-tokens beg end))
	;; Are we (potentially) disrupting the syntactic context which
	;; makes a type a type?  E.g. by inserting stuff after "foo" in
	;; "foo bar;", or before "foo" in "typedef foo *bar;"?
	;;
	;; We search for appropriate c-type properties "near" the change.
	;; First, find an appropriate boundary for this property search.
	(let (lim
	      type type-pos
	      marked-id term-pos
	      (end1
	       (or (and (eq (get-text-property end 'face) 'font-lock-comment-face)
			(previous-single-property-change end 'face))
		   end)))
	  (when (>= end1 beg) ; Don't hassle about changes entirely in comments.
	    ;; Find a limit for the search for a `c-type' property
	    (while
		(and (/= (skip-chars-backward "^;{}") 0)
		     (> (point) (point-min))
		     (memq (c-get-char-property (1- (point)) 'face)
			   '(font-lock-comment-face font-lock-string-face))))
	    (setq lim (max (point-min) (1- (point))))

	    ;; Look for the latest `c-type' property before end1
	    (when (and (> end1 (point-min))
		       (setq type-pos
			     (if (get-text-property (1- end1) 'c-type)
				 end1
			       (previous-single-property-change end1 'c-type nil lim))))
	      (setq type (get-text-property (max (1- type-pos) lim) 'c-type))

	      (when (memq type '(c-decl-id-start c-decl-type-start))
		;; Get the identifier, if any, that the property is on.
		(goto-char (1- type-pos))
		(setq marked-id
		      (when (looking-at "\\(\\sw\\|\\s_\\)")
			(c-beginning-of-current-token)
			(buffer-substring-no-properties (point) type-pos)))

		(goto-char end1)
		(skip-chars-forward "^;{}") ; FIXME!!!  loop for comment, maybe
		(setq lim (point))
		(setq term-pos
		      (or (next-single-property-change end 'c-type nil lim) lim))
		(setq c-maybe-stale-found-type
		      (list type marked-id
			    type-pos term-pos
			    (buffer-substring-no-properties type-pos term-pos)
			    (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end)))))))))))

(defun c-after-change (beg end old-len)
  ;; Function put on `after-change-functions' to adjust various caches
  ;; etc.  Prefer speed to finesse here, since there will be an order
  ;; of magnitude more calls to this function than any of the
  ;; functions that use the caches.
  ;;
  ;; Note that care must be taken so that this is called before any
  ;; font-lock callbacks since we might get calls to functions using
  ;; these caches from inside them, and we must thus be sure that this
  ;; has already been executed.

  (c-save-buffer-state ()
    ;; When `combine-after-change-calls' is used we might get calls
    ;; with regions outside the current narrowing.  This has been
    ;; observed in Emacs 20.7.
    (save-restriction
      (save-match-data		  ; c-recognize-<>-arglists changes match-data
	(widen)

	(when (> end (point-max))
	  ;; Some emacsen might return positions past the end. This has been
	  ;; observed in Emacs 20.7 when rereading a buffer changed on disk
	  ;; (haven't been able to minimize it, but Emacs 21.3 appears to
	  ;; work).
	  (setq end (point-max))
	  (when (> beg end)
	    (setq beg end)))

	(c-trim-found-types beg end old-len) ; maybe we don't need all of these.
	(c-invalidate-sws-region-after beg end)
	(c-invalidate-state-cache beg)
	(c-invalidate-find-decl-cache beg)

	(when c-recognize-<>-arglists
	  (c-after-change-check-<>-operators beg end))))))

(defun c-basic-common-init (mode default-style)
  "Do the necessary initialization for the syntax handling routines
and the line breaking/filling code.  Intended to be used by other
packages that embed CC Mode.

MODE is the CC Mode flavor to set up, e.g. 'c-mode or 'java-mode.
DEFAULT-STYLE tells which indentation style to install.  It has the
same format as `c-default-style'.

Note that `c-init-language-vars' must be called before this function.
This function cannot do that since `c-init-language-vars' is a macro
that requires a literal mode spec at compile time."

  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode mode)

  ;; these variables should always be buffer local; they do not affect
  ;; indentation style.
  (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
  (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function)
  (make-local-variable 'indent-region-function)
  (make-local-variable 'normal-auto-fill-function)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-end)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-multi-line)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-line-break-function)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix)
  (make-local-variable 'adaptive-fill-mode)
  (make-local-variable 'adaptive-fill-regexp)

  ;; now set their values
  (setq parse-sexp-ignore-comments t
	indent-line-function 'c-indent-line
	indent-region-function 'c-indent-region
	normal-auto-fill-function 'c-do-auto-fill
	comment-multi-line t
	comment-line-break-function 'c-indent-new-comment-line)

  ;; Install `c-fill-paragraph' on `fill-paragraph-function' so that a
  ;; direct call to `fill-paragraph' behaves better.  This still
  ;; doesn't work with filladapt but it's better than nothing.
  (make-local-variable 'fill-paragraph-function)
  (setq fill-paragraph-function 'c-fill-paragraph)

  (when (or c-recognize-<>-arglists
	    (c-major-mode-is 'awk-mode))
    ;; We'll use the syntax-table text property to change the syntax
    ;; of some chars for this language, so do the necessary setup for
    ;; that.
    ;;
    ;; Note to other package developers: It's ok to turn this on in CC
    ;; Mode buffers when CC Mode doesn't, but it's not ok to turn it
    ;; off if CC Mode has turned it on.

    ;; Emacs.
    (when (boundp 'parse-sexp-lookup-properties)
      (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-lookup-properties)
      (setq parse-sexp-lookup-properties t))

    ;; Same as above for XEmacs.
    (when (boundp 'lookup-syntax-properties)
      (make-local-variable 'lookup-syntax-properties)
      (setq lookup-syntax-properties t)))

  ;; Use this in Emacs 21 to avoid meddling with the rear-nonsticky
  ;; property on each character.
  (when (boundp 'text-property-default-nonsticky)
    (make-local-variable 'text-property-default-nonsticky)
    (let ((elem (assq 'syntax-table text-property-default-nonsticky)))
      (if elem
	  (setcdr elem t)
	(setq text-property-default-nonsticky
	      (cons '(syntax-table . t)
		    text-property-default-nonsticky))))
    (setq text-property-default-nonsticky
	  (cons '(c-type . t)
		text-property-default-nonsticky)))

  ;; In Emacs 21 and later it's possible to turn off the ad-hoc
  ;; heuristic that open parens in column 0 are defun starters.  Since
  ;; we have c-state-cache, that heuristic isn't useful and only causes
  ;; trouble, so turn it off.
;; 2006/12/17: This facility is somewhat confused, and doesn't really seem
;; helpful.  Comment it out for now.
;;   (when (memq 'col-0-paren c-emacs-features)
;;     (make-local-variable 'open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start)
;;     (setq open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start nil))

  (c-clear-found-types)

  ;; now set the mode style based on default-style
  (let ((style (if (stringp default-style)
		   default-style
		 (or (cdr (assq mode default-style))
		     (cdr (assq 'other default-style))
		     "gnu"))))
    ;; Override style variables if `c-old-style-variable-behavior' is
    ;; set.  Also override if we are using global style variables,
    ;; have already initialized a style once, and are switching to a
    ;; different style.  (It's doubtful whether this is desirable, but
    ;; the whole situation with nonlocal style variables is a bit
    ;; awkward.  It's at least the most compatible way with the old
    ;; style init procedure.)
    (c-set-style style (not (or c-old-style-variable-behavior
				(and (not c-style-variables-are-local-p)
				     c-indentation-style
				     (not (string-equal c-indentation-style
							style)))))))
  (c-setup-paragraph-variables)

  ;; we have to do something special for c-offsets-alist so that the
  ;; buffer local value has its own alist structure.
  (setq c-offsets-alist (copy-alist c-offsets-alist))

  ;; setup the comment indent variable in a Emacs version portable way
  (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function)
  (setq comment-indent-function 'c-comment-indent)

;;   ;; Put submode indicators onto minor-mode-alist, but only once.
;;   (or (assq 'c-submode-indicators minor-mode-alist)
;;       (setq minor-mode-alist
;; 	    (cons '(c-submode-indicators c-submode-indicators)
;; 		  minor-mode-alist)))
  (c-update-modeline)

  ;; Install the functions that ensure that various internal caches
  ;; don't become invalid due to buffer changes.
  (make-local-hook 'before-change-functions)
  (add-hook 'before-change-functions 'c-before-change nil t)
  (make-local-hook 'after-change-functions)
  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change nil t))

(defun c-after-font-lock-init ()
  ;; Put on `font-lock-mode-hook'.
  (remove-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change t)
  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change nil t))

(defun c-font-lock-init ()
  "Set up the font-lock variables for using the font-lock support in CC Mode.
This does not load the font-lock package.  Use after
`c-basic-common-init' and after cc-fonts has been loaded."

  (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
  (setq font-lock-defaults
	`(,(if (c-major-mode-is 'awk-mode)
	       ;; awk-mode currently has only one font lock level.
	       'awk-font-lock-keywords
	     (mapcar 'c-mode-symbol
		     '("font-lock-keywords" "font-lock-keywords-1"
		       "font-lock-keywords-2" "font-lock-keywords-3")))
	  nil nil
	  ,c-identifier-syntax-modifications
	  c-beginning-of-syntax
	  (font-lock-lines-before . 1)
	  (font-lock-mark-block-function
	   . c-mark-function)))

  (make-local-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook)
  (add-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook 'c-after-font-lock-init nil t))

(defun c-setup-doc-comment-style ()
  "Initialize the variables that depend on the value of `c-doc-comment-style'."
  (when (and (featurep 'font-lock)
	     (symbol-value 'font-lock-mode))
    ;; Force font lock mode to reinitialize itself.
    (font-lock-mode 0)
    (font-lock-mode 1)))

(defun c-common-init (&optional mode)
  "Common initialization for all CC Mode modes.
In addition to the work done by `c-basic-common-init' and
`c-font-lock-init', this function sets up various other things as
customary in CC Mode modes but which aren't strictly necessary for CC
Mode to operate correctly.

MODE is the symbol for the mode to initialize, like 'c-mode.  See
`c-basic-common-init' for details.  It's only optional to be
compatible with old code; callers should always specify it."

  (unless mode
    ;; Called from an old third party package.  The fallback is to
    ;; initialize for C.
    (c-init-language-vars-for 'c-mode))

  (c-basic-common-init mode c-default-style)
  (when mode
    ;; Only initialize font locking if we aren't called from an old package.
    (c-font-lock-init))

  (make-local-variable 'outline-regexp)
  (make-local-variable 'outline-level)
  (setq outline-regexp "[^#\n\^M]"
	outline-level 'c-outline-level)

  (let ((rfn (assq mode c-require-final-newline)))
    (when rfn
      (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline)
      (and (cdr rfn)
	   (setq require-final-newline mode-require-final-newline)))))

(defun c-remove-any-local-eval-or-mode-variables ()
  ;; If the buffer specifies `mode' or `eval' in its File Local Variable list
  ;; or on the first line, remove all occurrences.  See
  ;; `c-postprocess-file-styles' for justification.  There is no need to save
  ;; point here, or even bother too much about the buffer contents.
  ;;
  ;; Most of the code here is derived from Emacs 21.3's `hack-local-variables'
  ;; in files.el.
  (goto-char (point-max))
  (search-backward "\n\^L" (max (- (point-max) 3000) (point-min)) 'move)
  (let (lv-point (prefix "") (suffix ""))
    (when (let ((case-fold-search t))
	    (search-forward "Local Variables:" nil t))
      (setq lv-point (point))
      ;; The prefix is what comes before "local variables:" in its line.
      ;; The suffix is what comes after "local variables:" in its line.
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (or (eolp)
	  (setq suffix (buffer-substring (point)
					 (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))
      (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
      (or (bolp)
	  (setq prefix
		(buffer-substring (point)
				  (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))))

      (while (search-forward-regexp
	      (concat "^[ \t]*"
		      (regexp-quote prefix)
		      "\\(mode\\|eval\\):.*"
		      (regexp-quote suffix)
		      "$")
	      nil t)
	(beginning-of-line)
	(delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))

    ;; Delete the first line, if we've got one, in case it contains a mode spec.
    (unless (and lv-point
		 (progn (goto-char lv-point)
			(forward-line 0)
			(bobp)))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))))

(defun c-postprocess-file-styles ()
  "Function that post processes relevant file local variables in CC Mode.
Currently, this function simply applies any style and offset settings
found in the file's Local Variable list.  It first applies any style
setting found in `c-file-style', then it applies any offset settings
it finds in `c-file-offsets'.

Note that the style variables are always made local to the buffer."

  ;; apply file styles and offsets
  (when c-buffer-is-cc-mode
    (if (or c-file-style c-file-offsets)
	(c-make-styles-buffer-local t))
    (and c-file-style
	 (c-set-style c-file-style))
    (and c-file-offsets
	 (mapcar
	  (lambda (langentry)
	    (let ((langelem (car langentry))
		  (offset (cdr langentry)))
	      (c-set-offset langelem offset)))
	  c-file-offsets))
    ;; Problem: The file local variable block might have explicitly set a
    ;; style variable.  The `c-set-style' or `mapcar' call might have
    ;; overwritten this.  So we run `hack-local-variables' again to remedy
    ;; this.  There are no guarantees this will work properly, particularly as
    ;; we have no control over what the other hook functions on
    ;; `hack-local-variables-hook' would have done.  We now (2006/2/1) remove
    ;; any `eval' or `mode' expressions before we evaluate again (see below).
    ;; ACM, 2005/11/2.
    ;;
    ;; Problem (bug reported by Gustav Broberg): if one of the variables is
    ;; `mode', this will invoke c-mode (etc.) again, setting up the style etc.
    ;; We prevent this by temporarily removing `mode' from the Local Variables
    ;; section.
    (if (or c-file-style c-file-offsets)
	(let ((hack-local-variables-hook nil) (inhibit-read-only t))
	  (c-tentative-buffer-changes
	    (c-remove-any-local-eval-or-mode-variables)
	    (hack-local-variables))
	  nil))))

(add-hook 'hack-local-variables-hook 'c-postprocess-file-styles)

(defmacro c-run-mode-hooks (&rest hooks)
  ;; Emacs 21.1 has introduced a system with delayed mode hooks that
  ;; require the use of the new function `run-mode-hooks'.
  (if (cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'run-mode-hooks)
      `(run-mode-hooks ,@hooks)
    `(progn ,@(mapcar (lambda (hook) `(run-hooks ,hook)) hooks))))

;; Support for C

;;;###autoload
(defvar c-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in c-mode buffers.")
(or c-mode-syntax-table
    (setq c-mode-syntax-table
	  (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table c))))

(defvar c-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in c-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'c-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar c-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in c-mode buffers.")
(if c-mode-map
    nil
  (setq c-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for C
  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-e"  'c-macro-expand)
  )

(easy-menu-define c-c-menu c-mode-map "C Mode Commands"
		  (cons "C" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu c)))

;; In XEmacs >= 21.5 modes should add their own entries to
;; `auto-mode-alist'.  The comment form of autoload is used to avoid
;; doing this on load.  That since `add-to-list' prepends the value
;; which could cause it to clobber user settings.  Later emacsen have
;; an append option, but it's not safe to use.

;; The the extension ".C" is associated to C++ while the lowercase
;; variant goes to C.  On case insensitive file systems, this means
;; that ".c" files also might open C++ mode if the C++ entry comes
;; first on `auto-mode-alist'.  Thus we try to ensure that ".C" comes
;; after ".c", and since `add-to-list' adds the entry first we have to
;; add the ".C" entry first.
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\$cc\\|hh\$\\'" . c++-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.[ch]\$pp\\|xx\\|\\+\\+\$\\'" . c++-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\$CC?\\|HH?\$\\'" . c++-mode))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.[ch]\\'" . c-mode))

;; NB: The following two associate yacc and lex files to C Mode, which
;; is not really suitable for those formats.  Anyway, afaik there's
;; currently no better mode for them, and besides this is legacy.
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.y\$acc\$?\\'" . c-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.lex\\'" . c-mode))

;;;###autoload
(defun c-mode ()
  "Major mode for editing K&R and ANSI C code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
c-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with version
information already added.  You just need to add a description of the
problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the message.