.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)od.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/hexdump/od.1,v 1.17 2004/07/11 01:11:12 tjr Exp $ .\" .Dd July 11, 2004 .Os .Dt OD 1 .Sh NAME .Nm od .Nd octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx .Op Fl A Ar base .Op Fl j Ar skip .Op Fl N Ar length .Op Fl t Ar type .Sm off .Oo .Op Cm \&+ .Li offset .Op Cm \&. .Op Cm Bb .Oc .Sm on .Op Ar .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width ".Fl I , L , l" .It Fl A Ar base Specify the input address base. .Ar base may be one of .Cm d , .Cm o , .Cm x or .Cm n , which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal addresses or no address, respectively. .It Fl a Output named characters. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar a . .It Fl B , o Output octal shorts. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar o2 . .It Fl b Output octal bytes. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar o1 . .It Fl c Output C-style escaped characters. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar c . .It Fl D Output unsigned decimal ints. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar u4 . .It Fl e , F Output double-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar fD . .It Fl f Output single-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar fF . .It Fl H , X Output hexadecimal ints. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar x4 . .It Fl h , x Output hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar x2 . .It Fl I , L , l Output signed decimal longs. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar dL . .It Fl i Output signed decimal ints. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar dI . .It Fl j Ar skip Skip .Ar skip bytes of the combined input before dumping. The number may be followed by one of .Cm b , k or .Cm m which specify the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and megabytes, respectively. .It Fl N Ar length Dump at most .Ar length bytes of input. .It Fl O Output octal ints. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar o4 . .It Fl s Output signed decimal shorts. Equivalent to .Fl t Ar d2 . .It Fl t Ar type Specify the output format. .Ar type is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Cm a Named characters .Pq Tn ASCII . Control characters are displayed using the following names: .Bl -column "000 NUL" "001 SOH" "002 STX" "003 ETX" "004 EOT" "005 ENQ" .It "000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ" .It "006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00a NL 00b VT" .It "00c FF 00d CR 00e SO 00f SI 010 DLE 011 DC1" .It "012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB" .It "018 CAN 019 EM 01a SUB 01b ESC 01c FS 01d GS" .It "01e RS 01f US 020 SP 0ff DEL" .El .It Cm c Characters in the default character set. Non-printing characters are represented as 3-digit octal character codes, except the following characters, which are represented as C escapes: .Pp .Bl -tag -width carriage-return -compact .It NUL \e0 .It alert \ea .It backspace \eb .It newline \en .It carriage-return \er .It tab \et .It vertical tab \ev .El .Pp Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first byte of the character. The remaining bytes are shown as .Ql ** . .It Xo .Sm off .Op Cm d | o | u | x .Op Cm C | S | I | L | Ar n .Sm on .Xc Signed decimal .Pq Cm d , octal .Pq Cm o , unsigned decimal .Pq Cm u or hexadecimal .Pq Cm x . Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either .Cm C .Pq Vt char , .Cm S .Pq Vt short , .Cm I .Pq Vt int , .Cm L .Pq Vt long , or a byte count as a decimal integer. .It Xo .Sm off .Cm f .Op Cm F | D | L | Ar n .Sm on .Xc Floating-point number. Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either .Cm F .Pq Vt float , .Cm D .Pq Vt double or .Cm L .Pq Vt "long double" . .El .It Fl v Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a .Ql * . .El .Pp Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will contain one line for each format. .Pp If no output format is specified, .Fl t Ar oS is assumed. .Sh ENVIRONMENT The .Ev LANG , LC_ALL and .Ev LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution of .Nm as described in .Xr environ 7 . .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Ex -std .Sh COMPATIBILITY The traditional .Fl s option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using .Xr strings 1 instead. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr hexdump 1 , .Xr strings 1 .Sh STANDARDS The .Nm utility conforms to .St -p1003.1-2001 . .Sh HISTORY An .Nm command appeared in .At v1 .