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<H1>CUPS Interface Design Description</H1></A><BR>
CUPS-IDD-1.1<BR>
Easy Software Products<BR>
Copyright 1997-2003, All Rights Reserved<BR>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="CONTENTS">Table of Contents</A></H1>
<BR>
<BR><B><A HREF="#1">1 Scope</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#1_1">1.1 Identification</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_2">1.2 System Overview</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_3">1.3 Document Overview</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#2">2 References</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#2_1">2.1 CUPS Documentation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_2">2.2 Other Documents</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#3">3 Internal Interfaces</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_1">3.1 Character Set Files</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_1_1">3.1.1 8-Bit Character Set Files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_1_2">3.1.2 Unicode Character Set Files</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_2">3.2 Language Files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_3">3.3 MIME Files</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_3_1">3.3.1 mime.types</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_3_2">3.3.2 mime.convs</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_4">3.4 Option Files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_5">3.5 PostScript Printer Description Files</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_5_1">3.5.1 PPD Specification</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_5_2">3.5.2 CUPS Extensions to PPD Files</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_6">3.6 Scheduler Configuration Files</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_6_1">3.6.1 classes.conf</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_6_2">3.6.2 cupsd.conf</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_6_3">3.6.3 printers.conf</A></LI>
</UL>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#4">4 External Interfaces</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_1">4.1 AppSocket Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_2">4.2 CUPS Browsing Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3">4.3 CUPS Form File</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_1">4.3.1 CUPS Form DTD</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4">4.4 CUPS PostScript File</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5">4.5 CUPS Raster File</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_6">4.6 CUPS Raw Files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_7">4.7 Internet Printing Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_8">4.8 Line Printer Daemon Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_9">4.9 Server Message Block Protocol</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#5">5 Directories</A></B>
<BR>
<BR><B><A HREF="#6">A Glossary</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1">A.1 Terms</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#6_2">A.2 Acronyms</A></LI>
</UL>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="1">1 Scope</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="1_1">1.1 Identification</A></H2>
<P>This interface design description document provides detailed file
 formats, message formats, and program conventions for the Common UNIX
 Printing System (&quot;CUPS&quot;) Version 1.1.</P>
<H2><A NAME="1_2">1.2 System Overview</A></H2>
<P>CUPS provides a portable printing layer for UNIX&reg;-based operating
 systems. It has been developed by<A HREF="http://www.easysw.com"> Easy
 Software Products</A> to promote a standard printing solution for all
 UNIX vendors and users. CUPS provides the System V and Berkeley
 command-line interfaces.</P>
<P>CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol (&quot;IPP&quot;) as the basis for
 managing print jobs and queues. The Line Printer Daemon (&quot;LPD&quot;) Server
 Message Block (&quot;SMB&quot;), and AppSocket (a.k.a. JetDirect) protocols are
 also supported with reduced functionality. CUPS adds network printer
 browsing and PostScript Printer Description (&quot;PPD&quot;) based printing
 options to support real-world printing under UNIX.</P>
<P>CUPS includes an image file RIP that supports printing of image files
 to non-PostScript printers. A customized version of GNU Ghostscript
 7.05 for CUPS called ESP Ghostscript is available separately to support
 printing of PostScript files within the CUPS driver framework. Sample
 drivers for Dymo, EPSON, HP, and OKIDATA printers are included that use
 these filters.</P>
<P>Drivers for thousands of printers are provided with our ESP Print Pro
 software, available at:</P>
<PRE>
    <A HREF="http://www.easysw.com/printpro/">http://www.easysw.com/printpro/</A>
</PRE>
<P>CUPS is licensed under the GNU General Public License and GNU Library
 General Public License. Please contact Easy Software Products for
 commercial support and &quot;binary distribution&quot; rights.</P>
<H2><A NAME="1_3">1.3 Document Overview</A></H2>
<P>This interface design description document is organized into the
 following sections:</P>
<UL>
<LI>1 - Scope</LI>
<LI>2 - References</LI>
<LI>3 - Internal Interfaces</LI>
<LI>4 - External Interfaces</LI>
<LI>5 - Directories</LI>
<LI>A - Glossary</LI>
</UL>
<H1><A NAME="2">2 References</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="2_1">2.1 CUPS Documentation</A></H2>
<P>The following CUPS documentation is referenced by this document:</P>
<UL>
<LI>CUPS-CMP-1.1: CUPS Configuration Management Plan</LI>
<LI>CUPS-IDD-1.1: CUPS System Interface Design Description</LI>
<LI>CUPS-IPP-1.1: CUPS Implementation of IPP</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SAM-1.1.x: CUPS Software Administrators Manual</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SDD-1.1: CUPS Software Design Description</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SPM-1.1.x: CUPS Software Programming Manual</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SSR-1.1: CUPS Software Security Report</LI>
<LI>CUPS-STP-1.1: CUPS Software Test Plan</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SUM-1.1.x: CUPS Software Users Manual</LI>
<LI>CUPS-SVD-1.1: CUPS Software Version Description</LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="2_2">2.2 Other Documents</A></H2>
<P>The following non-CUPS documents are referenced by this document:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5003.PPD_Spec_v4.3.pdf">
Adobe PostScript Printer Description File Format Specification, Version
 4.3.</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/PLRM.pdf">
Adobe PostScript Language Reference, Third Edition.</A></LI>
<LI>IPP/1.1: Implementers Guide</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt">RFC 1179, Line Printer
 Daemon Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396, Uniform
 Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2567.txt">RFC 2567, Design Goals
 for an Internet Printing Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2568.txt">RFC 2568, Rationale
 for the Structure of the Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing
 Protocol</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2569.txt">RFC 2569, Mapping
 between LPD and IPP Protocols</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616, Hypertext
 Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt">RFC 2617, HTTP
 Authentication: Basic and Digest Access</A> Authentication</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2910.txt">RFC 2910, IPP/1.1:
 Encoding and Transport</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2911.txt">RFC 2911, IPP/1.1:
 Model and Semantics</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3380.txt">RFC 3380, IPP: Job and
 Printer Set Operations</A></LI>
</UL>
<H1><A NAME="3">3 Internal Interfaces</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="3_1">3.1 Character Set Files</A></H2>
<P>The character set files define a mapping between 8-bit characters and
 the Unicode character set, or between Unicode and printer fonts. They
 are named using the IETF charset names defined in RFCnnnn. These files
 are ASCII text, the content of which is described below. Comments can
 be included by using the <TT>#</TT> character in the first column of a
 line.</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_1_1">3.1.1 8-Bit Character Set Files</A></H3>
<P>8-bit character set files start with a line reading:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
charset 8bit
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>Following this are lines that define the font information:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
first last direction width normal bold italic bold-italic
</PRE>
</UL>
<P><VAR>First</VAR> and<VAR> last</VAR> are the first and last glyphs in
 the font mapping that correspond to that font; a maximum of 256
 characters can be mapped within each group, with a maximum of 256
 mappings (this is a PostScript limitation.) The glyph values are
 hexadecimal.</P>
<P><VAR>Direction</VAR> is the string &quot;ltor&quot;, &quot;rtol&quot;, or &quot;rtola&quot;
 indicating left-to-right, right-to-left, or right-to-left Arabic text.</P>
<P><VAR>Width</VAR> is the string &quot;single&quot; or &quot;double&quot;; double means
 that the glyphs are twice as wide as ASCII characters in the Courier
 typeface.</P>
<P><VAR>Normal, bold, italic</VAR>, and<VAR> bold-italic</VAR> are the
 typefaces to use for each presentation. If characters are only
 available in a single style then only one typeface should be listed
 (e.g. &quot;Symbol&quot;.) Each font that is listed will be used (and downloaded
 if needed) when printing.</P>
<P>The remaining lines define a character to Unicode glyph mapping for
 the character set. The character and glyph values are hexadecimal:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
xx yyyy
</PRE>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="3_1_2">3.1.2 Unicode Character Set Files</A></H3>
<P>Unicode character set files start with a line reading:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
charset encoding
</PRE>
</UL>
<P><VAR>Encoding</VAR> is the encoding to use for the text; currently
 only the string &quot;utf8&quot; is supported.</P>
<P>Following this are lines defining the font information:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
first last direction width normal bold italic bold-italic
</PRE>
</UL>
<P><VAR>First</VAR> and<VAR> last</VAR> are the first and last glyphs in
 the font mapping that correspond to that font; a maximum of 256
 characters can be mapped within each group, with a maximum of 256
 mappings (this is a PostScript limitation.) The glyph values are
 hexadecimal.</P>
<P><VAR>Direction</VAR> is the string &quot;ltor&quot;, &quot;rtol&quot;, or &quot;rtola&quot;
 indicating left-to-right, right-to-left, or right-to-left Arabic text.</P>
<P><VAR>Width</VAR> is the string &quot;single&quot; or &quot;double&quot;; double means
 that the glyphs are twice as wide as ASCII characters in the Courier
 typeface.</P>
<P><VAR>Normal, bold, italic</VAR>, and<VAR> bold-italic</VAR> are the
 typefaces to use for each presentation. If characters are only
 available in a single style then only one typeface should be listed
 (e.g. &quot;Symbol&quot;.) Each font that is listed will be used (and downloaded
 if needed) when printing.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_2">3.2 Language Files</A></H2>
<P>The language files define the default character set and a collection
 of text messages in that language. They are named by prefixing the
 string &quot;cups_&quot; to the front of the language specifier (e.g. &quot;cups_en&quot;,
 &quot;cups_fr&quot;, etc.) Each file consists of two or more lines of ASCII text.</P>
<P>The first line identifies the character set to be used for the
 messages. The currently recognized values are:</P>
<UL>
<LI>iso-8859-1</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-2</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-3</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-4</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-5</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-6</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-7</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-8</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-9</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-10</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-13</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-14</LI>
<LI>iso-8859-15</LI>
<LI>us-ascii</LI>
<LI>utf-8</LI>
<LI>windows-874</LI>
<LI>windows-1250</LI>
<LI>windows-1251</LI>
<LI>windows-1252</LI>
<LI>windows-1253</LI>
<LI>windows-1254</LI>
<LI>windows-1255</LI>
<LI>windows-1256</LI>
<LI>windows-1257</LI>
<LI>windows-1258</LI>
<LI>koi8-r</LI>
<LI>koi8-u</LI>
</UL>
<P>The second and succeeding lines define text messages. If the message
 text is preceded by a number, then the current message number is
 updated and the text after the number is used.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_3">3.3 MIME Files</A></H2>
<P>CUPS uses two MIME files in its standard configuration.</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_3_1">3.3.1 mime.types</A></H3>
<P>The mime.types file defines the recognized file types and consists of
 1 or more lines of ASCII text. Comment lines start with the pound (&quot;#&quot;)
 character. The backslash (&quot;\&quot;) character can be used at the end of a
 line to continue that line to the next.</P>
<P>Each non-blank line starts with a MIME type identifier (&quot;super/type&quot;)
 as registered with the IANA. All text following the MIME type is
 treated as a series of type recognition rules:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
mime-type := super &quot;/&quot; type { SP rule }*
super := { &quot;a-z&quot; | &quot;A-Z&quot; }*
type := { &quot;a-z&quot; | &quot;A-Z&quot; | &quot;-&quot; | &quot;.&quot; | &quot;0-9&quot; }*
rule := { extension | match | operator | &quot;(&quot; rule &quot;)&quot; }*
extension := { &quot;a-z&quot; | &quot;A-Z&quot; | &quot;0-9&quot; }*
match := &quot;match(&quot; regexp &quot;)&quot; |
         &quot;ascii(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; length &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;printable(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; length &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;string(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; string &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;contains(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; length &quot;,&quot; string &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;char(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; value &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;short(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; value &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;int(&quot; offset &quot;,&quot; value &quot;)&quot; |
	 &quot;locale(&quot; string &quot;)&quot;
operator := &quot;+&quot; |	[ logical AND ]
            &quot;,&quot; | SP    [ logical OR ]
	    &quot;!&quot;         [ unary NOT ]
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>int</CODE> and <CODE>short</CODE> rules match look for
 integers in network byte order (a.k.a. big-endian) with the
 most-significant byte first.</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_3_2">3.3.2 mime.convs</A></H3>
<P>The mime.types file defines the recognized file filters and consists
 of 1 or more lines of ASCII text. Comment lines start with the pound
 (&quot;#&quot;) character.</P>
<P>Each non-blank line starts with two MIME type identifiers
 (&quot;super/type&quot;) representing the source and destination types. Following
 the MIME types are a cost value (0 to 100) and the filter program to
 use. If the filter program is not specified using the full path then it
 must reside in the CUPS filter directory:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
super/type SP super/type2 SP cost SP program
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="3_4">3.4 Option Files</A></H2>
<P>CUPS maintains user-defined printer and option files for each printer
 and user on the system. The printers and options defined in the system
 option file (<CODE>/etc/cups/lpoptions</CODE>) are loaded first,
 followed by the user option file (<CODE>$HOME/.lpoptions</CODE>).
 Options in the user file replace those defined in the system file for
 the same destination. Each line in the files can be one of the
 following:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
Dest name option=value option=value ... option=value
Dest name/instance option=value option=value ... option=value
Default name option=value option=value ... option=value
Default name/instance option=value option=value ... option=value
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The line beginning with &quot;Default&quot; indicates the default destination
 for print jobs; a default line in the user option file overrides the
 default defined in the system option file.</P>
<P><VAR>Name</VAR> is the name of a printer known to the local server.</P>
<P><VAR>Instance</VAR> can be any string of letters, numbers, and the
 underscore up to 127 characters in length.</P>
<P>The remainder of the line contains a list of space-separated options
 and their values.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_5">3.5 PostScript Printer Description Files</A></H2>
<P>PostScript Printer Description (&quot;PPD&quot;) files describe the
 capabilities of each printer and are used by CUPS to support
 printer-specific features and intelligent filtering.</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_5_1">3.5.1 PPD Specification</A></H3>
<P>The PPD file format is described in<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5003.PPD_Spec_v4.3.pdf">
 Adobe TechNote #5003: PostScript Printer Description File Format
 Specification Version 4.3</A>.</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_5_2">3.5.2 CUPS Extensions to PPD Files</A></H3>
<P>CUPS adds several new attributes that are described below.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.1 cupsFilter</H4>
<P>This string attribute provides a conversion rule of the form:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
source/type cost program
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The destination type is assumed to the printer's type. If a printer
 supports the source type directly the special filter program &quot;-&quot; may be
 specified.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.2 cupsFlipDuplex</H4>
<P>This boolean attribute notifies the RIP filters that the destination
 printer requires an upside-down image for the back page. The default
 value is false.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.3 cupsManualCopies</H4>
<P>This boolean attribute notifies the RIP filters that the destination
 printer does not support copy generation in hardware. The default value
 is false.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.4 cupsModelNumber</H4>
<P>This integer attribute specifies a printer-specific model number.
 This number can be used by a filter program to adjust the output for a
 specific model of printer.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.5 cupsProfile</H4>
<P>This string attribute specifies a color profile of the form:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
resolution/type density gamma m00 m01 m02 m10 m11 m12 m20 m21 m22
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The<I> resolution</I> and<I> type</I> values may be &quot;-&quot; to act as a
 wildcard. Otherwise they must match one of the <CODE>Resolution</CODE>
 or <CODE>MediaType</CODE> attributes defined in the PPD file.</P>
<P>The<I> density</I> and<I> gamma</I> values define gamma and density
 adjustment function such that:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
f(x) = density * x<SUP>gamma</SUP>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The<I> m00</I> through<I> m22</I> values define a 3x3 transformation
 matrix for the CMY color values. The density function is applied<I>
 after</I> the CMY transformation.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.6 cupsProtocol</H4>
<P>This optional attribute describes which binary communication protocol
 to use when printing binary PostScript data. The strings &quot;None&quot;, &quot;BCP&quot;,
 and &quot;TBCP&quot; are recognized, corresponding to no encoding, BCP, and TBCP
 respectively.</P>
<H4>3.5.2.7 cupsVersion</H4>
<P>This required attribute describes which version of the CUPS IDD was
 used for the PPD file extensions. Currently it must be the string &quot;1.0&quot;
 or &quot;1.1&quot;.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_6">3.6 Scheduler Configuration Files</A></H2>
<P>The scheduler reads three configuration files that define the
 available printers, classes, and services:</P>
<DL>
<DT>classes.conf</DT>
<DD>This file defines all of the printer classes known to the system.</DD>
<DT>cupsd.conf</DT>
<DD>This file defines the files, directories, passwords, etc. used by
 the scheduler.</DD>
<DT>printers.conf</DT>
<DD>This file defines all of the printers known to the system.</DD>
</DL>
<H3><A NAME="3_6_1">3.6.1 classes.conf</A></H3>
<P>The classes.conf file consists of 1 or more lines of ASCII text.
 Comment lines start with the pound (&quot;#&quot;) character.</P>
<P>Each non-blank line starts with the name of a configuration directive
 followed by its value. The following directives are understood:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="90%">
<TR><TH WIDTH="25%">Directive</TH><TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>&lt;Class name&gt;
<BR> &lt;/Class&gt;</TD><TD>Surrounds a class definition.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&lt;DefaultClass name&gt;
<BR> &lt;/Class&gt;</TD><TD>Surrounds a class definition for the default
 destination.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Accepting</TD><TD>Specifies whether the class is accepting new
 jobs. May be the names &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>AllowUsers</TD><TD>Specifies a list of users that are allowed to
 access the class.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BannerStart</TD><TD>Specifies the banner that is printed before
 other files in a job.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BannerEnd</TD><TD>Specifies the banner that is printed after
 other files in a job.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DenyUsers</TD><TD>Specifies a list of users that are not allowed
 to access the class.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Info</TD><TD>A textual description of the class.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Location</TD><TD>A textual location of the class.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Printer</TD><TD>Specifies a printer that is a member of the
 class.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>State</TD><TD>Specifies the initial state of the class; can be
 &quot;Idle&quot; or &quot;Stopped&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>StateMessage</TD><TD>Specifies a textual message for the current
 class state.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_6_2">3.6.2 cupsd.conf</A></H3>
<P>The cupsd.conf file consists of 1 or more lines of ASCII text.
 Comment lines start with the pound (&quot;#&quot;) character.</P>
<P>Each non-blank line starts with the name of a configuration directive
 followed by its value. The following directives are understood:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="90%">
<TR><TH WIDTH="25%">Directive</TH><TH>Default</TH><TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>AccessLog</TD><TD>access_log</TD><TD>Specifies the location of
 the access log file. The special name &quot;syslog&quot; can be used to send
 access log information to the system log.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Allow</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Allows connections from the specified
 host, network, or domain.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>AuthClass</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies what level of
 authentication is required; may be &quot;User&quot;, &quot;System&quot;, or &quot;Group&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>AuthType</TD><TD>None</TD><TD>Specifies the type of
 authentication to perform; may be &quot;None&quot;, &quot;Basic&quot;, or &quot;Digest&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseAddress</TD><TD>255.255.255.255</TD><TD>Specifies a
 broadcast address to send CUPS browsing packets to.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseAllow</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies hosts or addresses from
 which browsing information should be used.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseDeny</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies hosts or addresses from
 which browsing information should not be used.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseInterval</TD><TD>30</TD><TD>Specifies the number of
 seconds between browsing updates. A browse interval of 0 seconds
 disables outgoing packets.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseOrder</TD><TD>Allow,Deny</TD><TD>Specifies the order of
 BrowseAllow and BrowseDeny directive processing; can be &quot;Deny,Allow&quot; to
 implicitly deny hosts unless they are allowed by a BrowseAllow line, or
 &quot;Allow,Deny&quot; to implicitly allow hosts unless they are denied by a
 BrowseDeny line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowsePoll</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies a server to poll for
 available printers and classes.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowsePort</TD><TD>631</TD><TD>Specifies the UDP port number to
 use for browse packets.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseRelay</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies a source and destination
 address for relaying browser information from one subnet to another.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseShortNames</TD><TD>yes</TD><TD>Specifies whether or not to
 provide short names (without the &quot;@server&quot; part) for remote printers.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>BrowseTimeout</TD><TD>300</TD><TD>Specifies the number of
 seconds to wait until remote destinations are removed from the local
 destination list.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Browsing</TD><TD>On</TD><TD>Specifies whether or not printer and
 class browsing is enabled; can be &quot;On&quot; or &quot;Off&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DataDir</TD><TD>/usr/share/cups</TD><TD>Specifies the directory
 where CUPS data files are stored.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DefaultCharset</TD><TD>iso-8859-1</TD><TD>Specifies the default
 character set.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DefaultLanguage</TD><TD>current locale</TD><TD>Specifies the
 default language.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Deny</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Refuses connections from the specified
 host, network, or domain.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DocumentRoot</TD><TD>/usr/share/doc/cups</TD><TD>Specifies the
 document data root directory.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>ErrorLog</TD><TD>error_log</TD><TD>Specifies the error log file
 location. The special name &quot;syslog&quot; can be used to send error log
 information to the system log.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Group</TD><TD>root, sys, system</TD><TD>Specifies the group name
 or ID that is used when running external programs.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>HostNameLookups</TD><TD>Off</TD><TD>Specifies whether or not to
 perform reverse IP address lookups to get the actual hostname; may be
 &quot;On&quot; or &quot;Off&quot;. Hostname lookups can significantly degrade the
 performance of the CUPS server if one or more DNS servers is not
 functioning properly.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>ImplicitClasses</TD><TD>On</TD><TD>Specifies whether or not to
 automatically create printer classes when more than one printer or
 class of the same name is detected on the network; may be &quot;On&quot; or
 &quot;Off&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>KeepAlive</TD><TD>On</TD><TD>Specifies whether or not to use the
 HTTP Keep-Alive feature; may be &quot;On&quot; or &quot;Off&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>KeepAliveTimeout</TD><TD>30</TD><TD>Specifies the amount of time
 to keep the HTTP connection alive before closing it.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&lt;Location path&gt;
<BR> &lt;/Location&gt;</TD><TD>-</TD><TD>Specifies a location to restrict
 access to.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>LogLevel</TD><TD>info</TD><TD>Controls the amount of information
 that is logged in the error log file. Can be one of &quot;debug&quot;, &quot;info&quot;,
 &quot;warn&quot;, &quot;error&quot;, or &quot;none&quot;, in decreasing order or verbosity.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>MaxClients</TD><TD>100</TD><TD>Specifies the maximum number of
 simultaneous active clients. This value is internally limited to 1/3 of
 the total number of available file descriptors.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>MaxLogSize</TD><TD>0</TD><TD>Specifies the maximum size of the
 access, error, and page log files in bytes. If set to 0 then no maximum
 size is set. Log files are rotated automatically when this size is
 exceeded.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>MaxRequestSize</TD><TD>0</TD><TD>Specifies the maximum size of
 HTTP requests in bytes. If set to 0 then there is no maximum.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Order</TD><TD>Allow,Deny</TD><TD>Specifies the order of Allow
 and Deny directive processing; can be &quot;Deny,Allow&quot; to implicitly deny
 hosts unless they are allowed by an Allow line, or &quot;Allow,Deny&quot; to
 implicitly allow hosts unless they are denied by a Deny line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>PageLog</TD><TD>page_log</TD><TD>Specifies the location of the
 page log file. The special name &quot;syslog&quot; can be used to send page log
 information to the system log.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Port</TD><TD>631</TD><TD>Specifies a port number to listen to
 for HTTP connections.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Printcap</TD><TD>/etc/printcap</TD><TD>Specifies the location of
 a Berkeley printcap file to update with a list of current printers and
 classes. If no filename is supplied then this automatic generation is
 disabled.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>RequestRoot</TD><TD>/var/spool/cups</TD><TD>Specifies the
 location of request files.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>RIPCache</TD><TD>8m</TD><TD>Specifies the size of the memory
 cache in bytes that is used by RIP filters.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>ServerAdmin</TD><TD>root@ServerName</TD><TD>Specifies the person
 to contact with problems.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>ServerName</TD><TD>hostname</TD><TD>Specifies the hostname that
 is supplied to HTTP clients. This is also used to determine the default
 CUPS server for the CUPS IPP client applications.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>ServerRoot</TD><TD>/etc/cups</TD><TD>Specifies the root
 directory for server configuration files.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>SystemGroup</TD><TD>root, sys, system</TD><TD>Specifies the
 group name used for System class authentication.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>TempDir</TD><TD>/var/tmp</TD><TD>Specifies the temporary
 directory to use.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Timeout</TD><TD>300</TD><TD>The timeout in seconds before client
 connections are closed in the middle of a request.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>User</TD><TD>lp</TD><TD>Specifies the user that is used when
 running external programs.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H3><A NAME="3_6_3">3.6.3 printers.conf</A></H3>
<P>The printers.conf file consists of 1 or more lines of ASCII text.
 Comment lines start with the pound (&quot;#&quot;) character.</P>
<P>Each non-blank line starts with the name of a configuration directive
 followed by its value. The following directives are understood:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="90%">
<TR><TH WIDTH="25%">Directive</TH><TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>Accepting</TD><TD>Specifies whether the printer is accepting new
 jobs. May be the names &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&lt;DefaultPrinter name&gt;
<BR> &lt;/Printer&gt;</TD><TD>Surrounds the printer definition for a default
 destination.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>AllowUsers</TD><TD>Specifies a list of users that are allowed to
 access the printer.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BannerStart</TD><TD>Specifies the banner that is printed before
 other files in a job.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>BannerEnd</TD><TD>Specifies the banner that is printed after
 other files in a job.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DenyUsers</TD><TD>Specifies a list of users that are not allowed
 to access the printer.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>DeviceURI</TD><TD>Specifies the device-uri attribute for the
 printer.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Info</TD><TD>A textual description of the printer.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Location</TD><TD>A textual location of the printer.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&lt;Printer name&gt;
<BR> &lt;/Printer&gt;</TD><TD>Surrounds the printer definition.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>State</TD><TD>Specifies the initial state of the printer; can be
 &quot;Idle&quot; or &quot;Stopped&quot;.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>StateMessage</TD><TD>Specifies a textual message for the current
 printer state.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H1><A NAME="4">4 External Interfaces</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="4_1">4.1 AppSocket Protocol</A></H2>
<P>The AppSocket protocol is an 8-bit clean TCP/IP socket connection.
 The default IP service port is 9100. The URI method name is &quot;socket&quot;.</P>
<P>The AppSocket protocol is used by the Hewlett Packard JetDirect
 network interfaces and print servers, as well as many other vendors'
 products. See the CUPS Software Administrators Manual for a list of
 supported products.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_2">4.2 CUPS Browsing Protocol</A></H2>
<P>The CUPS Browsing Protocol is a UDP/IP-based broadcast service. By
 default this service operates on IP service port 631.</P>
<P>Each broadcast packet describes the state of a single printer or
 class and is an ASCII text string of up to 1450 bytes ending with a
 newline (0x0a). The string is formatted as follows:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
type SP state SP uri SP &quot;location&quot; SP &quot;info&quot; SP &quot;make-and-model&quot; NL
</PRE>
</UL>
<P><VAR>State, uri, location, info</VAR>, and<VAR> make-and-model</VAR>,
 correspond to the IPP <CODE>printer-state</CODE>, <CODE>
printer-uri-supported</CODE>, <CODE>printer-location</CODE>, <CODE>
printer-info</CODE>, and <CODE>printer-make-and-model</CODE> attributes.</P>
<P><VAR>Type</VAR> is a hexadecimal number string representing
 capability/type bits:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="40%">
<TR><TH WIDTH="8%">Bit</TH><TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>0</TD><TD>0 = printer
<BR> 1 = class</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>1</TD><TD>0 = local
<BR> 1 = remote
<BR> (always 1)</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>2</TD><TD>1 = can print B</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>3</TD><TD>1 = can print color</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>4</TD><TD>1 = can duplex</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>5</TD><TD>1 = can staple</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>6</TD><TD>1 = can do fast copies</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>7</TD><TD>1 = can do fast collating</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>8</TD><TD>1 = can punch holes</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>9</TD><TD>1 = can cover</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>10</TD><TD>1 = can bind</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>11</TD><TD>1 = can sort</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>12</TD><TD>1 = can print up to 9x14 inches</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>13</TD><TD>1 = can print up to 18x24 inches</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>14</TD><TD>1 = can print up to 36x48 inches</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>15</TD><TD>1 = can print variable sizes</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_3">4.3 CUPS Form File</A></H2>
<P>CUPS Form files are XML files used by the CUPS <CODE>formtops</CODE>
 filter to produce dynamic banner pages and support preprinted forms.</P>
<P>The MIME type for CUPS Form files is <CODE>application/vnd.cups-form</CODE>
.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_1">4.3.1 CUPS Form DTD</A></H3>
<P>The following DTD describes the available elements and attributes in
 a CUPS Form file:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR><TD>
<PRE>
&lt;!ENTITY % Angle &quot;CDATA&quot; -- angle in degrees --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % Color &quot;CDATA&quot; -- a color using sRGB: #RRGGBB as Hex values --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % Length &quot;CDATA&quot; -- nn for pixels or nn% for percentage length --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % Lengths &quot;CDATA&quot; -- comma-separated Length values --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % Text &quot;CDATA&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % heading &quot;H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % preformatted &quot;PRE&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % i18n
 &quot;lang        %LanguageCode; #IMPLIED  -- language code --
  dir         (ltr|rtl)      #IMPLIED  -- direction for weak/neutral text --&quot;
  &gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % attrs &quot;%i18n;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % fontstyle
 &quot;B | FONT | I | TT&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % graphics
 &quot;BOX | RECT | LINE | POLY | ARC | PIE | TEXT&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % insert
 &quot;IMG | VAR&quot;&gt;

&lt;!-- %inline; covers inline or &quot;text-level&quot; elements --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % inline &quot;#PCDATA | %fontstyle; | %graphics; | %insert;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT (%fontstyle;) - - (%inline;)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST (%fontstyle;)
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY                 -- forced line break --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST BR
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  &gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % block
     &quot;P | %heading; | %preformatted;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % flow &quot;%block; | %inline;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT PAGE O O (%flow;)+           -- document body --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST PAGE
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  align       (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- horizontal alignment --
  valign      (top|middle|center|bottom) #IMPLIED -- vertical alignment --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT P - O (%inline;)*            -- paragraph --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST P
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  align       (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- horizontal alignment --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT (%heading;)  - - (%inline;)* -- heading --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST (%heading;)
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  align       (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- horizontal alignment --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT PRE - - (%inline;)*          -- preformatted text --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST PRE
  %attrs;                              -- %i18n --
  align       (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- horizontal alignment --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BOX - O EMPTY                -- unfilled box --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST BOX
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  height      %Length;       #REQUIRED -- height of box --
  thickness   %Length;       #IMPLIED  -- override line thickness --
  width       %Length;       #REQUIRED -- width of box --
  x           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- horizontal position --
  y           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- vertical position --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT RECT - O EMPTY               -- filled box --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST RECT
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  height      %Length;       #REQUIRED -- height of box --
  width       %Length;       #REQUIRED -- width of box --
  x           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- horizontal position --
  y           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- vertical position --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT LINE - O EMPTY               -- polyline --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST LINE
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  thickness   %Length;       #IMPLIED  -- override line thickness --
  x           %Lengths;      #REQUIRED -- horizontal positions --
  y           %Lengths;      #REQUIRED -- vertical positions --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT POLY - O EMPTY               -- polygon (filled) --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST POLY
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  x           %Lengths;      #REQUIRED -- horizontal positions --
  y           %Lengths;      #REQUIRED -- vertical positions --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT ARC - O EMPTY                -- unfilled arc --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST ARC
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  end         %Angle;        #IMPLIED  -- override end angle --
  height      %Length;       #REQUIRED -- height of arc --
  start       %Angle;        #IMPLIED  -- override start angle --
  thickness   %Length;       #IMPLIED  -- override line thickness --
  width       %Length;       #REQUIRED -- width of arc --
  x           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- horizontal position --
  y           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- vertical position --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT PIE - O EMPTY                -- filled arc --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST PIE
  color       %Color;        #IMPLIED  -- override color --
  end         %Angle;        #IMPLIED  -- override end angle --
  height      %Length;       #REQUIRED -- height of arc --
  start       %Angle;        #IMPLIED  -- override start angle --
  width       %Length;       #REQUIRED -- width of arc --
  x           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- horizontal position --
  y           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- vertical position --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT TEXT - - (%flow;)*           -- text box --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST RECT
  align       (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- horizontal alignment --
  height      %Length;       #REQUIRED -- height of box --
  valign      (top|middle|center|bottom) #IMPLIED -- vertical alignment --
  width       %Length;       #REQUIRED -- width of box --
  x           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- horizontal position --
  y           %Length;       #REQUIRED -- vertical position --
  &gt;


&lt;!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY                -- Embedded image --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST IMG
  %attrs;                              -- %coreattrs, %i18n, %events --
  src         %URI;          #REQUIRED -- URI of image to embed --
  height      %Length;       #IMPLIED  -- override height --
  width       %Length;       #IMPLIED  -- override width --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT HEAD O O (DEFVAR)*           -- document head --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST HEAD
  %i18n;                               -- lang, dir --
  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DEFVAR - O EMPTY             -- variable definition --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DEFVAR
  name        CDATA          #REQUIRED -- name
  value       CDATA          #REQUIRED -- value
  &gt;


&lt;!ENTITY % html.content &quot;HEAD, PAGE&quot;&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT CUPSFORM - - (HEAD) (PAGE)+  -- document root element --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST CUPSFORM
  %i18n;                               -- lang, dir --
  &gt;
</PRE>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_4">4.4 CUPS PostScript File</A></H2>
<P>CUPS PostScript files are device-dependent Adobe PostScript program
 files. The PostScript language is described in the<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/PLRM.pdf">
 Adobe PostScript Language Reference Manual, Third Edition</A>.</P>
<P>The MIME type for CUPS PostScript files is <CODE>
application/vnd.cups-postscript</CODE>.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_5">4.5 CUPS Raster File</A></H2>
<P>CUPS raster files are device-dependent raster image files that
 contain a PostScript page device dictionary and device-dependent raster
 imagery for each page in the document. These files are used to transfer
 raster data from the PostScript and image file RIPs to device-dependent
 filters that convert the raster data to a printable format.</P>
<P>A raster file begins with a four byte synchronization word:
 0x52615374 (&quot;RaSt&quot;) for big-endian architectures and 0x74536152
 (&quot;tSaR&quot;) for little-endian architectures. The writer of the raster file
 will use the native word order, and the reader is responsible for
 detecting a reversed word order file and swapping bytes as needed. The
 CUPS Image Library raster functions perform this function
 automatically.</P>
<P>Following the synchronization word are a series of raster pages. Each
 page starts with a page device dictionary header and is followed
 immediately by the raster data for that page.
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="80%">
<TR><TH WIDTH="10%">Bytes</TH><TH WIDTH="20%">Description</TH><TH>Values</TH>
</TR>
<TR><TD>0-63</TD><TD>MediaClass</TD><TD>Nul-terminated ASCII string</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>64-127</TD><TD>MediaColor</TD><TD>Nul-terminated ASCII string</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>128-191</TD><TD>MediaType</TD><TD>Nul-terminated ASCII string</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>192-255</TD><TD>OutputType</TD><TD>Nul-terminated ASCII string</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>256-259</TD><TD>AdvanceDistance</TD><TD>0 to 2<SUP>32</SUP> - 1
 points</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>260-263</TD><TD>AdvanceMedia</TD><TD>0 = Never advance roll
<BR> 1 = Advance roll after file
<BR> 2 = Advance roll after job
<BR> 3 = Advance roll after set
<BR> 4 = Advance roll after page</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>264-267</TD><TD>Collate</TD><TD>0 = do not collate copies
<BR> 1 = collate copies</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>268-271</TD><TD>CutMedia</TD><TD>0 = Never cut media
<BR> 1 = Cut roll after file
<BR> 2 = Cut roll after job
<BR> 3 = Cut roll after set
<BR> 4 = Cut roll after page</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>272-275</TD><TD>Duplex</TD><TD>0 = Print single-sided
<BR> 1 = Print double-sided</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>276-283</TD><TD>HWResolution</TD><TD>Horizontal and vertical
 resolution in dots-per-inch.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>284-299</TD><TD>ImagingBoundingBox</TD><TD>Four integers giving
 the left, bottom, right, and top positions of the page bounding box in
 points</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>300-303</TD><TD>InsertSheet</TD><TD>0 = Do not insert separator
 sheets
<BR> 1 = Insert separator sheets</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>304-307</TD><TD>Jog</TD><TD>0 = Do no jog pages
<BR> 1 = Jog pages after file
<BR> 2 = Jog pages after job
<BR> 3 = Jog pages after set</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>308-311</TD><TD>LeadingEdge</TD><TD>0 = Top edge is first
<BR> 1 = Right edge is first
<BR> 2 = Bottom edge is first
<BR> 3 = Left edge is first</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>312-319</TD><TD>Margins</TD><TD>Left and bottom origin of image
 in points</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>320-323</TD><TD>ManualFeed</TD><TD>0 = Do not manually feed
 media
<BR> 1 = Manually feed media</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>324-327</TD><TD>MediaPosition</TD><TD>Input slot position from 0
 to N</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>328-331</TD><TD>MediaWeight</TD><TD>Media weight in grams per
 meter squared</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>332-335</TD><TD>MirrorPrint</TD><TD>0 = Do not mirror prints
<BR> 1 = Mirror prints</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>336-339</TD><TD>NegativePrint</TD><TD>0 = Do not invert prints
<BR> 1 = Invert prints</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>340-343</TD><TD>NumCopies</TD><TD>1 to 2<SUP>32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>344-347</TD><TD>Orientation</TD><TD>0 = Do not rotate page
<BR> 1 = Rotate page counter-clockwise
<BR> 2 = Turn page upside down
<BR> 3 = Rotate page clockwise</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>348-351</TD><TD>OutputFaceUp</TD><TD>0 = Output face down
<BR> 1 = Output face up</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>352-359</TD><TD>PageSize</TD><TD>Width and length in points</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>360-363</TD><TD>Separations</TD><TD>0 = Print composite image
<BR> 1 = Print color separations</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>364-367</TD><TD>TraySwitch</TD><TD>0 = Do not change trays if
 selected tray is empty
<BR> 1 = Change trays if selected tray is empty</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>368-371</TD><TD>Tumble</TD><TD>0 = Do not rotate even pages when
 duplexing
<BR> 1 = Rotate even pages when duplexing</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>372-375</TD><TD>cupsWidth</TD><TD>Width of page image in pixels</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD>376-379</TD><TD>cupsHeight</TD><TD>Height of page image in
 pixels</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>380-383</TD><TD>cupsMediaType</TD><TD>Driver-specific 0 to 2<SUP>
32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>384-387</TD><TD>cupsBitsPerColor</TD><TD>1, 2, 4, 8 bits</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>388-391</TD><TD>cupsBitsPerPixel</TD><TD>1 to 32 bits</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>392-395</TD><TD>cupsBytesPerLine</TD><TD>1 to 2<SUP>32</SUP> - 1
 bytes</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>396-399</TD><TD>cupsColorOrder</TD><TD>0 = chunky pixels (CMYK
 CMYK CMYK)
<BR> 1 = banded pixels (CCC MMM YYY KKK)
<BR> 2 = planar pixels (CCC... MMM... YYY... KKK...)</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>400-403</TD><TD>cupsColorSpace</TD><TD>0 = white
<BR> 1 = RGB
<BR> 2 = RGBA
<BR> 3 = black
<BR> 4 = CMY
<BR> 5 = YMC
<BR> 6 = CMYK
<BR> 7 = YMCK
<BR> 8 = KCMY
<BR> 9 = KCMYcm
<BR> 10 = GMCK
<BR> 11 = GMCS
<BR> 12 = WHITE
<BR> 13 = GOLD
<BR> 14 = SILVER
<BR> 15 = CIE XYZ
<BR> 16 = CIE Lab
<BR> 32 = ICC1
<BR> 33 = ICC2
<BR> 34 = ICC3
<BR> 35 = ICC4
<BR> 36 = ICC5
<BR> 37 = ICC6
<BR> 38 = ICC7
<BR> 39 = ICC8
<BR> 40 = ICC9
<BR> 41 = ICCA (10)
<BR> 42 = ICCB (11)
<BR> 43 = ICCC (12)
<BR> 44 = ICCD (13)
<BR> 45 = ICCE (14)
<BR> 46 = ICCF (15)
<BR></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>404-407</TD><TD>cupsCompression</TD><TD>Driver-specific 0 to 2<SUP>
32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>408-411</TD><TD>cupsRowCount</TD><TD>Driver-specific 0 to 2<SUP>
32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>412-415</TD><TD>cupsRowFeed</TD><TD>Driver-specific 0 to 2<SUP>
32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>416-419</TD><TD>cupsRowStep</TD><TD>Driver-specific 0 to 2<SUP>
32</SUP> - 1</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<P>The MIME type for CUPS Raster files is <CODE>
application/vnd.cups-raster</CODE>.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_6">4.6 CUPS Raw Files</A></H2>
<P>Raw files are printer-dependent print files that are in a format
 suitable to the destination printer (e.g. HP-PCL, HP-RTL, etc.) The
 MIME type for CUPS Raw files is <CODE>application/vnd.cups-raw</CODE>.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_7">4.7 Internet Printing Protocol</A></H2>
<P>The Internet Printing Protocol and the CUPS extensions to it are
 described in the CUPS Implementation of IPP document.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_8">4.8 Line Printer Daemon Protocol</A></H2>
<P>The Line Printer Daemon (LPD) protocol is described by<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt">
 RFC 1179: Line Printer Daemon Protocol</A>.</P>
<P>The URI method name for LPD is &quot;lpd&quot;.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_9">4.9 Server Message Block Protocol</A></H2>
<P>The Server Message Block (SMB) and related Common Internet File
 System (CIFS) protocols are described at<A HREF="http://anu.samba.org/cifs">
 http://anu.samba.org/cifs</A>.</P>
<P>The URI method name for SMB is &quot;smb&quot;. Support for this protocol is
 provided via the SAMBA <CODE>smbspool(1)</CODE> program provided with
 SAMBA 2.0.6 and higher.</P>
<H1><A NAME="5">5 Directories</A></H1>
<DL>
<DT>/etc/cups</DT>
<DD>The scheduler configuration and MIME files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/etc/cups/certs</DT>
<DD>The authentication certificates reside here.</DD>
<DT>/etc/cups/interfaces</DT>
<DD>System V interface scripts reside here.</DD>
<DT>/etc/cups/ppd</DT>
<DD>This directory contains PPD files for each printer.</DD>
<DT>/usr/bin</DT>
<DD>The <CODE>cancel</CODE>, <CODE>lp</CODE>, <CODE>lpq</CODE>, <CODE>
lpr</CODE>, <CODE>lprm</CODE>, and <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands reside
 here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/lib, /usr/lib32</DT>
<DD>The shared libraries (DSOs) reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/lib/cups/backend</DT>
<DD>The backend filters reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/lib/cups/cgi-bin</DT>
<DD>The CGI programs reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/lib/cups/daemon</DT>
<DD>The polling and LPD daemons reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/lib/cups/filter</DT>
<DD>The file filters reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/sbin</DT>
<DD>The <CODE>accept</CODE>, <CODE>cupsd</CODE>, <CODE>lpadmin</CODE>, <CODE>
lpc</CODE>, and <CODE>reject</CODE> commands reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups</DT>
<DD>This is the root directory of the CUPS static data.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups/charsets</DT>
<DD>The character set files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups/data</DT>
<DD>The filter data files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups/fonts</DT>
<DD>The <CODE>pstoraster</CODE> font files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups/model</DT>
<DD>The sample PPD files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/cups/pstoraster</DT>
<DD>The <CODE>pstoraster</CODE> data files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/usr/share/doc/cups</DT>
<DD>The scheduler documentation files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/var/log/cups</DT>
<DD>The <CODE>access_log</CODE>, <CODE>error_log</CODE>, and <CODE>
page_log</CODE> files reside here.</DD>
<DT>/var/spool/cups</DT>
<DD>This directory contains print job files.</DD>
</DL>
<H1 TYPE="A" VALUE="1"><A NAME="6">A Glossary</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="6_1">A.1 Terms</A></H2>
<DL>
<DT>C</DT>
<DD>A computer language.</DD>
<DT>parallel</DT>
<DD>Sending or receiving data more than 1 bit at a time.</DD>
<DT>pipe</DT>
<DD>A one-way communications channel between two programs.</DD>
<DT>serial</DT>
<DD>Sending or receiving data 1 bit at a time.</DD>
<DT>socket</DT>
<DD>A two-way network communications channel.</DD>
</DL>
<H2><A NAME="6_2">A.2 Acronyms</A></H2>
<DL>
<DT>ASCII</DT>
<DD>American Standard Code for Information Interchange</DD>
<DT>CUPS</DT>
<DD>Common UNIX Printing System</DD>
<DT>ESC/P</DT>
<DD>EPSON Standard Code for Printers</DD>
<DT>FTP</DT>
<DD>File Transfer Protocol</DD>
<DT>HP-GL</DT>
<DD>Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language</DD>
<DT>HP-PCL</DT>
<DD>Hewlett-Packard Page Control Language</DD>
<DT>HP-PJL</DT>
<DD>Hewlett-Packard Printer Job Language</DD>
<DT>IETF</DT>
<DD>Internet Engineering Task Force</DD>
<DT>IPP</DT>
<DD>Internet Printing Protocol</DD>
<DT>ISO</DT>
<DD>International Standards Organization</DD>
<DT>LPD</DT>
<DD>Line Printer Daemon</DD>
<DT>MIME</DT>
<DD>Multimedia Internet Mail Exchange</DD>
<DT>PPD</DT>
<DD>PostScript Printer Description</DD>
<DT>SMB</DT>
<DD>Server Message Block</DD>
<DT>TFTP</DT>
<DD>Trivial File Transfer Protocol</DD>
</DL>
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