.\" .\" Automated Testing Framework (atf) .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2010 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND .\" CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, .\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY .\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE .\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER .\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR .\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN .\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd October 31, 2010 .Dt ATF-TEST-CASE 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm atf-test-case .Nd generic description of test cases .Sh DESCRIPTION A .Em test case is a piece of code that stress-tests a specific feature of the software. This feature is typically self-contained enough, either in the amount of code that implements it or in the general idea that describes it, to warrant its independent testing. Given this, test cases are very fine-grained, but they attempt to group similar smaller tests which are semantically related. .Pp A test case is defined by three components regardless of the language it is implemented in: a header, a body and a cleanup routine. The .Em header is, basically, a declarative piece of code that defines several properties to describe what the test case does and how it behaves. In other words: it defines the test case's .Em meta-data , further described in the .Sx Meta-data section. The .Em body is the test case itself. It executes all actions needed to reproduce the test, and checks for failures. This body is only executed if the abstract conditions specified by the header are met. The .Em cleanup routine routine is a piece of code always executed after the body, regardless of the exit status of the test case. It can be used to undo side-effects of the test case. Note that almost all side-effects of a test case are automatically cleaned up by the library; this is explained in more detail in the rest of this document. .Pp It is extremely important to keep the separation between a test case's header and body well-defined, because the header is .Em always parsed, whereas the body is only executed when the conditions defined in the header are met and when the user specifies that test case. .Pp At last, test cases are always contained into test programs. The test programs act as a front-end to them, providing a consistent interface to the user and several APIs to ease their implementation. .Ss Results Upon termination, a test case reports a status and, optionally, a textual reason describing why the test reported such status. The caller must ensure that the test case really performed the task that its status describes, as the test program may be bogus and therefore providing a misleading result (e.g. providing a result that indicates success but the error code of the program says otherwise). .Pp The possible exit status of a test case are one of the following: .Bl -tag -width expectedXfailureXX .It expected_death The test case expects to terminate abruptly. .It expected_exit The test case expects to exit cleanly. .It expected_failure The test case expects to exit with a controller fatal/non-fatal failure. If this happens, the test program exits with a success error code. .It expected_signal The test case expects to receive a signal that makes it terminate. .It expected_timeout The test case expects to execute for longer than its timeout. .It passed The test case was executed successfully. The test program exits with a success error code. .It skipped The test case could not be executed because some preconditions were not met. This is not a failure because it can typically be resolved by adjusting the system to meet the necessary conditions. This is always accompanied by a .Em reason , a message describing why the test was skipped. The test program exits with a success error code. .It failed An error appeared during the execution of the test case. This is always accompanied by a .Em reason , a message describing why the test failed. The test program exits with a failure error code. .El .Pp The usefulness of the .Sq expected_* results comes when writing test cases that verify known failures caused, in general, due to programming errors (aka bugs). Whenever the faulty condition that the expectation is trying to convery is fixed, then the test case will be reported as .Sq failed and the developer will have to adjust it to match its new condition. .Pp It is important to note that all .Sq expected_* results are only provided as a .Em hint to the caller; the caller must verify that the test case did actually terminate as the expected condition says. .Ss Input/output Test cases are free to print whatever they want to their .Xr stdout 4 and .Xr stderr 4 file descriptors. They are, in fact, encouraged to print status information as they execute to keep the user informed of their actions. This is specially important for long test cases. .Pp Test cases will log their results to an auxiliary file, which is then collected by the test program they are contained in. The developer need not care about this as long as he uses the correct APIs to implement the test cases. .Ss Meta-data The following list describes all meta-data properties interpreted internally by ATF. You are free to define new properties in your test cases and use them as you wish, but non-standard properties must be prefixed by .Sq X- . .Bl -tag -width requireXmachineXX .It descr Type: textual. Required. .Pp A brief textual description of the test case's purpose. Will be shown to the user in reports. Also good for documentation purposes. .It has.cleanup Type: boolean. Optional. .Pp If set to true, specifies that the test case has a cleanup routine that has to be executed by .Xr atf-run 1 during the cleanup phase of the execution. This property is automatically set by the framework when defining a test case with a cleanup routine, so it should never be set by hand. .It ident Type: textual. Required. .Pp The test case's identifier. Must be unique inside the test program and should be short but descriptive. .It require.arch Type textual. Optional. .Pp A whitespace separated list of architectures that the test case can be run under without causing errors due to an architecture mismatch. .It require.config Type: textual. Optional. .Pp A whitespace separated list of configuration variables that must be defined to execute the test case. If any of the required variables is not defined, the test case is .Em skipped . .It require.machine Type textual. Optional. .Pp A whitespace separated list of machine types that the test case can be run under without causing errors due to a machine type mismatch. .It require.progs Type: textual. Optional. .Pp A whitespace separated list of programs that must be present to execute the test case. These can be given as plain names, in which case they are looked in the user's .Ev PATH , or as absolute paths. If any of the required programs is not found, the test case is .Em skipped . .It require.user Type: textual. Optional. .Pp The required privileges to execute the test case. Can be one of .Sq root or .Sq unprivileged . If the requested privileges do not match the current user, the test case is .Em skipped . .Pp .Em NOTE : In the future, it is expected that the test case will attempt to gain the necessary privileges on its own before failing. At the very least, lowering the privileges from the super-user to an unprivileged user will be supported. .It timeout Type: integral. Optional; defaults to .Sq 30 . .Pp Specifies the maximum amount of time the test case can run. This is particularly useful because some tests can stall either because they are incorrectly coded or because they trigger an anomalous behavior of the program. It is not acceptable for these tests to stall the whole execution of the test program. .Pp Can optionally be set to zero, in which case the test case has no run-time limit. This is discouraged. .El .Ss Environment Every time a test case is executed, several environment variables are cleared or reseted to sane values to ensure they do not make the test fail due to unexpected conditions. These variables are: .Bl -tag -width LCXMESSAGESXX .It Ev HOME Set to the work directory's path. .It Ev LANG Undefined. .It Ev LC_ALL Undefined. .It Ev LC_COLLATE Undefined. .It Ev LC_CTYPE Undefined. .It Ev LC_MESSAGES Undefined. .It Ev LC_MONETARY Undefined. .It Ev LC_NUMERIC Undefined. .It Ev LC_TIME Undefined. .It Ev TZ Undefined. .El .Ss Work directories The test program always creates a temporary directory and switches to it before running the test case's body. This way the test case is free to modify its current directory as it wishes, and the test program will be able to clean it up later on in a safe way, removing any traces of its execution from the system. .Ss File creation mode mask (umask) Test cases are always executed with a file creation mode mask (umask) of .Sq 0022 . The test case's code is free to change this during execution. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr atf-test-program 1 , .Xr atf-formats 5 , .Xr atf 7