# this is needed so that the bad assignments (b[]=bcde, for example) do not
# cause fatal shell errors when in posix mode
set +o posix
set +a
# The calls to egrep -v are to filter out builtin array variables that are
# automatically set and possibly contain values that vary.
# first make sure we handle the basics
x=()
echo ${x[@]}
unset x
# this should be an error
test=(first & second)
echo $?
unset test
# make sure declare -a converts an existing variable to an array
unset a
a=abcde
declare -a a
echo ${a[0]}
unset a
a=abcde
a[2]=bdef
unset b
declare -a b[256]
unset c[2]
unset c[*]
a[1]=
_ENV=/bin/true
x=${_ENV[(_$-=0)+(_=1)-_${-%%*i*}]}
declare -r c[100]
echo ${a[0]} ${a[4]}
echo ${a[@]}
echo ${a[*]}
# this should print out values, too
declare -a | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
unset a[7]
echo ${a[*]}
unset a[4]
echo ${a[*]}
echo ${a}
echo "${a}"
echo $a
unset a[0]
echo ${a}
echo ${a[@]}
a[5]="hello world"
echo ${a[5]}
echo ${#a[5]}
echo ${#a[@]}
a[4+5/2]="test expression"
echo ${a[@]}
readonly a[5]
readonly a
# these two lines should output `declare' commands
readonly -a | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
declare -ar | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
# this line should output `readonly' commands, even for arrays
set -o posix
readonly -a | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
set +o posix
declare -a d='([1]="" [2]="bdef" [5]="hello world" "test")'
d[9]="ninth element"
declare -a e[10]=test # this works in post-bash-2.05 versions
declare -a e[10]='(test)'
pass=/etc/passwd
declare -a f='("${d[@]}")'
b=([0]=this [1]=is [2]=a [3]=test [4]="$PS1" [5]=$pass)
echo ${b[@]:2:3}
declare -pa | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
a[3]="this is a test"
b[]=bcde
b[*]=aaa
echo ${b[ ]}
c[-2]=4
echo ${c[-4]}
d[7]=(abdedfegeee)
d=([]=abcde [1]="test test" [*]=last [-65]=negative )
unset d[12]
unset e[*]
declare -a | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
ps1='hello'
unset ps1[2]
unset ${ps1[2]}
declare +a ps1
declare +a c
# the prompt should not print when using a here doc
read -p "array test: " -a rv <<!
this is a test of read using arrays
!
echo ${rv[0]} ${rv[4]}
echo ${rv[@]}
# the variable should be converted to an array when `read -a' is done
vv=1
read -a vv <<!
this is a test of arrays
!
echo ${vv[0]} ${vv[3]}
echo ${vv[@]}
unset vv
declare -a | egrep -v '(BASH_VERSINFO|PIPESTATUS|GROUPS)'
export rv
#set
x[4]=bbb
x=abde
echo $x
echo ${x[0]}
echo ${x[4]}
echo efgh | ( read x[1] ; echo ${x[1]} )
echo wxyz | ( declare -a x ; read x ; echo $x ; echo ${x[0]} )
# Make sure that arrays can be used to save the positional paramters verbatim
set -- a 'b c' d 'e f g' h
ARGV=( [0]=$0 "$@" )
for z in "${ARGV[@]}"
do
echo "$z"
done
echo "$0"
for z in "$@"
do
echo "$z"
done
# do various pattern removal and length tests
XPATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin:.:/sbin:/usr/sbin
xpath=( $( IFS=: ; echo $XPATH ) )
echo ${xpath[@]}
echo ${xpath[@]##*/}
echo ${xpath[0]##*/}
echo ${xpath[@]%%[!/]*}
echo ${xpath[0]%%[!/]*}
recho ${xpath##*/}
recho ${xpath%%[!/]*}
recho ${xpath[5]##*/}
recho ${xpath[5]%%[!/]*}
# let's try to make it a DOS-style path
zecho "${xpath[@]/\//\\}"
zecho "${xpath[@]//\//\\}"
zecho "${xpath[@]//[\/]/\\}"
# length of the first element of the array, since array without subscript
# is equivalent to referencing first element
echo ${#xpath} -- ${#xpath[0]}
# number of elements in the array
nelem=${#xpath[@]}
echo ${#xpath[@]} -- $nelem
# total length of all elements in the array, including space separators
xx="${xpath[*]}"
echo ${#xx}
# total length of all elements in the array
xx=$( IFS='' ; echo "${xpath[*]}" )
echo ${#xx}
unset xpath[nelem-1]
nelem=${#xpath[@]}
echo ${#xpath[@]} -- $nelem
# arrays and things that look like index assignments
array=(42 [1]=14 [2]=44)
array2=(grep [ 123 ] \*)
echo ${array[@]}
echo "${array2[@]}"
# arrays and implicit arithmetic evaluation
declare -i -a iarray
iarray=( 2+4 1+6 7+2 )
echo ${iarray[@]}
iarray[4]=4+1
echo ${iarray[@]}
# make sure assignment using the compound assignment syntax removes all
# of the old elements from the array value
barray=(old1 old2 old3 old4 old5)
barray=(new1 new2 new3)
echo "length = ${#barray[@]}"
echo "value = ${barray[*]}"
# make sure the array code behaves correctly with respect to unset variables
set -u
( echo ${#narray[4]} )
# some old bugs and ksh93 compatibility tests
set +u
cd /tmp
touch 1=bar
foo=([10]="bar")
echo ${foo[0]}
rm 1=bar
foo=(a b c d e f g)
echo ${foo[@]}
# quoted reserved words are ok
foo=(\for \case \if \then \else)
echo ${foo[@]}
# quoted metacharacters are ok
foo=( [1]='<>' [2]='<' [3]='>' [4]='!' )
echo ${foo[@]}
# numbers are just words when not in a redirection context
foo=( 12 14 16 18 20 )
echo ${foo[@]}
foo=( 4414758999202 )
echo ${foo[@]}
# this was a bug in all versions of bash 2.x up to and including bash-2.04
declare -a ddd=(aaa
bbb)
echo ${ddd[@]}
# errors until post-bash-2.05a; now reserved words are OK
foo=(a b c for case if then else)
foo=(for case if then else)
# errors
metas=( <> < > ! )
metas=( [1]=<> [2]=< [3]=> [4]=! )
# various expansions that didn't really work right until post-bash-2.04
foo='abc'
echo ${foo[0]} ${#foo[0]}
echo ${foo[1]} ${#foo[1]}
echo ${foo[@]} ${#foo[@]}
echo ${foo[*]} ${#foo[*]}
foo=''
echo ${foo[0]} ${#foo[0]}
echo ${foo[1]} ${#foo[1]}
echo ${foo[@]} ${#foo[@]}
echo ${foo[*]} ${#foo[*]}