LC_ALL=C LC_NUMERIC=C # these should output error messages -- the format is required printf printf -- # these should output nothing printf "" printf -- "" # this should expand escape sequences in the format string, nothing else printf "\tone\n" # this should not cut off output after the \c printf "one\ctwo\n" # and unrecognized backslash escapes should have the backslash preserverd printf "4\.2\n" printf "no newline " ; printf "now newline\n" # %% -> % printf "%%\n" # this was a bug caused by pre-processing the string for backslash escapes # before doing the `%' format processing -- all versions before bash-2.04 printf "\045" ; echo printf "\045d\n" # simple character output printf "%c\n" ABCD # test simple string output printf "%s\n" unquoted # test quoted string output printf "%s %q\n" unquoted quoted printf "%s%10q\n" unquoted quoted printf "%q\n" 'this&that' # make sure the format string is reused to use up arguments printf "%d " 1 2 3 4 5; printf "\n" # make sure that extra format characters get null arguments printf "%s %d %d %d\n" onestring printf "%s %d %u %4.2f\n" onestring printf -- "--%s %s--\n" 4.2 '' printf -- "--%s %s--\n" 4.2 # test %b escapes # 8 is a non-octal digit, so the `81' should be output printf -- "--%b--\n" '\n\081' printf -- "--%b--\n" '\t\0101' printf -- "--%b--\n" '\t\101' # these should all display `A7' echo -e "\1017" echo -e "\x417" printf "%b\n" '\01017' printf "%b\n" '\1017' printf "%b\n" '\x417' printf -- "--%b--\n" '\"abcd\"' printf -- "--%b--\n" "\'abcd\'" printf -- "--%b--\n" 'a\\x' printf -- "--%b--\n" '\x' Z1=$(printf -- "%b\n" '\a\b\e\f\r\v') Z2=$'\a\b\e\f\r\v' if [ "$Z1" != "$Z2" ]; then echo "whoops: printf %b and $'' differ" >&2 fi unset Z1 Z2 printf -- "--%b--\n" '' printf -- "--%b--\n" # the stuff following the \c should be ignored, as well as the rest # of the format string printf -- "--%b--\n" '4.2\c5.4\n'; printf "\n" # unrecognized escape sequences should by displayed unchanged printf -- "--%b--\n" '4\.2' # a bare \ should not be processed as an escape sequence printf -- "--%b--\n" '\' # make sure extra arguments are ignored if the format string doesn't # actually use them printf "\n" 4.4 BSD printf " " 4.4 BSD ; printf "\n" # make sure that a fieldwidth and precision of `*' are handled right printf "%10.8s\n" 4.4BSD printf "%*.*s\n" 10 8 4.4BSD printf "%10.8q\n" 4.4BSD printf "%*.*q\n" 10 8 4.4BSD printf "%6b\n" 4.4BSD printf "%*b\n" 6 4.4BSD # we handle this crap with homemade code in printf.def printf "%10b\n" 4.4BSD printf -- "--%-10b--\n" 4.4BSD printf "%4.2b\n" 4.4BSD printf "%.3b\n" 4.4BSD printf -- "--%-8b--\n" 4.4BSD # test numeric conversions -- these four lines should echo identically printf "%d %u %i 0%o 0x%x 0x%X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255 printf "%d %u %i %#o %#x %#X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255 printf "%ld %lu %li 0%o 0x%x 0x%X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255 printf "%ld %lu %li %#o %#x %#X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255 printf "%10d\n" 42 printf "%10d\n" -42 printf "%*d\n" 10 42 printf "%*d\n" 10 -42 # test some simple floating point formats printf "%4.2f\n" 4.2 printf "%#4.2f\n" 4.2 printf "%#4.1f\n" 4.2 printf "%*.*f\n" 4 2 4.2 printf "%#*.*f\n" 4 2 4.2 printf "%#*.*f\n" 4 1 4.2 printf "%E\n" 4.2 printf "%e\n" 4.2 printf "%6.1E\n" 4.2 printf "%6.1e\n" 4.2 printf "%G\n" 4.2 printf "%g\n" 4.2 printf "%6.2G\n" 4.2 printf "%6.2g\n" 4.2 # test some of the more esoteric features of POSIX.1 printf printf "%d\n" "'string'" printf "%d\n" '"string"' printf "%#o\n" "'string'" printf "%#o\n" '"string"' printf "%#x\n" "'string'" printf "%#X\n" '"string"' printf "%6.2f\n" "'string'" printf "%6.2f\n" '"string"' # output from these two lines had better be the same printf -- "--%6.4s--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz printf -- "--%6.4b--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz # and these two also printf -- "--%12.10s--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz printf -- "--%12.10b--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz # tests for translating \' to ' and \\ to \ # printf translates \' to ' in the format string... printf "\'abcd\'\n" # but not when the %b format specification is used printf "%b\n" \\\'abcd\\\' # but both translate \\ to \ printf '\\abcd\\\n' printf "%b\n" '\\abcd\\' # this was reported as a bug in bash-2.03 # these three lines should all echo `26' printf "%d\n" 0x1a printf "%d\n" 032 printf "%d\n" 26 # error messages # this should be an overflow, but error messages vary between systems # printf "%lu\n" 4294967296 # ...but we cannot use this because some systems (SunOS4, for example), # happily ignore overflow conditions in strtol(3) #printf "%ld\n" 4294967296 # in the future this may mean to put the output into VAR, but for # now it is an error printf -v var "%10d" $RANDOM printf "%10" printf "ab%Mcd\n" # this caused an infinite loop in older versions of printf printf "%y" 0 # these should print a warning and `0', according to POSIX.2 printf "%d\n" GNU printf "%o\n" GNU # failures in all bash versions through bash-2.05 printf "%.0s" foo printf "%.*s" 0 foo printf '%.0b-%.0s\n' foo bar printf '(%*b)(%*s)\n' -4 foo -4 bar format='%'`printf '%0100384d' 0`'d\n' printf $format 0 # this doesn't work with printf(3) on all systems #printf "%'s\n" foo