<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX --> <title>mod_macro - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> <link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> <link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> <link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> <script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> <body> <div id="page-header"> <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> <img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> <div id="path"> <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div> <div id="page-content"> <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1> <div class="toplang"> <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> | <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> </div> <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table> <h3>Summary</h3> <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files, to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the rest of the configuration file.</p> </div> <div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3> <ul id="topics"> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3> <ul id="toc"> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li> </ul> <h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&list_id=144532&product=Apache%20httpd-2&query_format=specific&order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&component=mod_macro">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&component=mod_macro">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3> <ul class="seealso"> <li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2> <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> blocks, which contain the portion of your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p> <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block, in order to define multiple similar virtual hosts:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro VHost $name $domain> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName $domain ServerAlias www.$domain DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/$name" ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.error_log" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.access_log" combined </VirtualHost> </Macro></pre> <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p> <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual hosts:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use VHost example example.com Use VHost myhost hostname.org Use VHost apache apache.org UndefMacro VHost</pre> <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive"><a href="#use">Use</a></code> invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as described by the <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> definition.</p> <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></code> directive is used so that later macros using the same variable names don't result in conflicting definitions.</p> <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the Examples section.</p> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2> <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>, <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly identifiable, and also in order to help deal with interactions with other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p> <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in quotes.</p> <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix, (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p> <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DocRoot ${docroot}> DocumentRoot "/var/www/${docroot}/htdocs" </Macro></pre> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2> <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3> <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations <Macro VHost $host $port $dir> Listen $port <VirtualHost *:$port> ServerName $host DocumentRoot "$dir" # Public document root <Directory "$dir"> Require all granted </Directory> # limit access to intranet subdir. <Directory "$dir/intranet"> Require ip 10.0.0.0/8 </Directory> </VirtualHost> </Macro> ## Use of VHost with different arguments. Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs</pre> <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3> <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be conflicts in variable names.</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DirGroup $dir $group> <Directory "$dir"> Require group $group </Directory> </Macro> Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin UndefMacro DirGroup</pre> </div> <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2> <table class="directive"> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]> ... </Macro></code></td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> </table> <p>The <code class="directive"><Macro></code> directive controls the definition of a macro within the server runtime configuration files. The first argument is the name of the macro. Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names with such characters. </p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro LocalAccessPolicy> Require ip 10.2.16.0/24 </Macro> <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers> Require ip $ipnumbers </Macro></pre> </div> <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2> <table class="directive"> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> </table> <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro which has been defined before hand.</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy</pre> </div> <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2> <table class="directive"> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>] </code></td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> </table> <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro. The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of arguments as in the macro definition. The provided values are associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted before processing.</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use LocalAccessPolicy ... Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"</pre> <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require ip 10.2.16.0/24 ... Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24</pre> </div> </div> <div class="bottomlang"> <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> | <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. 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