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<refentry id="cairo-Image-Surfaces">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle role="top_of_page" id="cairo-Image-Surfaces.top_of_page">Image Surfaces</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>
CAIRO Library
</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Image Surfaces</refname>
<refpurpose>Rendering to memory buffers</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv id="cairo-Image-Surfaces.synopsis" role="synopsis">
<title role="synopsis.title">Synopsis</title>
<synopsis>#define <link linkend="CAIRO-HAS-IMAGE-SURFACE:CAPS">CAIRO_HAS_IMAGE_SURFACE</link>
enum <link linkend="cairo-format-t">cairo_format_t</link>;
<link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> <link linkend="cairo-format-stride-for-width">cairo_format_stride_for_width</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>);
<link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><returnvalue>cairo_surface_t</returnvalue></link> * <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-create">cairo_image_surface_create</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> height</parameter>);
<link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><returnvalue>cairo_surface_t</returnvalue></link> * <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-create-for-data">cairo_image_surface_create_for_data</link> (<parameter>unsigned <link linkend="char"><type>char</type></link> *data</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> height</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> stride</parameter>);
unsigned <link linkend="char"><returnvalue>char</returnvalue></link> * <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-get-data">cairo_image_surface_get_data</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);
<link linkend="cairo-format-t"><returnvalue>cairo_format_t</returnvalue></link> <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-get-format">cairo_image_surface_get_format</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);
<link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-get-width">cairo_image_surface_get_width</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);
<link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-get-height">cairo_image_surface_get_height</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);
<link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-get-stride">cairo_image_surface_get_stride</link> (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);
</synopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 id="cairo-Image-Surfaces.description" role="desc">
<title role="desc.title">Description</title>
<para>
Image surfaces provide the ability to render to memory buffers
either allocated by cairo or by the calling code. The supported
image formats are those defined in <link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="cairo-Image-Surfaces.details" role="details">
<title role="details.title">Details</title>
<refsect2 id="CAIRO-HAS-IMAGE-SURFACE:CAPS" role="macro">
<title>CAIRO_HAS_IMAGE_SURFACE</title>
<indexterm zone="CAIRO-HAS-IMAGE-SURFACE:CAPS"><primary sortas="HAS_IMAGE_SURFACE">CAIRO_HAS_IMAGE_SURFACE</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting>#define CAIRO_HAS_IMAGE_SURFACE 1
</programlisting>
<para>
Defined if the image surface backend is available.
The image surface backend is always built in.
This macro was added for completeness in cairo 1.8.
</para>
<para>
<parameter>Since</parameter>: 1.8
</para></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-format-t" role="enum">
<title>enum cairo_format_t</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-format-t"><primary sortas="format_t">cairo_format_t</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting>typedef enum _cairo_format {
CAIRO_FORMAT_INVALID = -1,
CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 = 0,
CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24 = 1,
CAIRO_FORMAT_A8 = 2,
CAIRO_FORMAT_A1 = 3,
CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565 = 4
} cairo_format_t;
</programlisting>
<para>
<link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> is used to identify the memory format of
image data.
</para>
<para>
New entries may be added in future versions.
</para><variablelist role="enum">
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-INVALID:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_INVALID</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>no such format exists or is supported.
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-ARGB32:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>each pixel is a 32-bit quantity, with
alpha in the upper 8 bits, then red, then green, then blue.
The 32-bit quantities are stored native-endian. Pre-multiplied
alpha is used. (That is, 50% transparent red is 0x80800000,
not 0x80ff0000.)
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-RGB24:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>each pixel is a 32-bit quantity, with
the upper 8 bits unused. Red, Green, and Blue are stored
in the remaining 24 bits in that order.
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-A8:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_A8</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>each pixel is a 8-bit quantity holding
an alpha value.
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-A1:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_A1</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>each pixel is a 1-bit quantity holding
an alpha value. Pixels are packed together into 32-bit
quantities. The ordering of the bits matches the
endianess of the platform. On a big-endian machine, the
first pixel is in the uppermost bit, on a little-endian
machine the first pixel is in the least-significant bit.
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="CAIRO-FORMAT-RGB16-565:CAPS" role="constant">
<term><literal>CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565</literal></term>
<listitem><simpara>each pixel is a 16-bit quantity
with red in the upper 5 bits, then green in the middle
6 bits, and blue in the lower 5 bits.
</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-format-stride-for-width" role="function" condition="since:1.6">
<title>cairo_format_stride_for_width ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-format-stride-for-width" role="1.6"><primary sortas="format_stride_for_width">cairo_format_stride_for_width</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> cairo_format_stride_for_width (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
This function provides a stride value that will respect all
alignment requirements of the accelerated image-rendering code
within cairo. Typical usage will be of the form:
</para>
<para>
<informalexample><programlisting>
int stride;
unsigned char *data;
<link linkend="cairo-surface-t">cairo_surface_t</link> *surface;
stride = cairo_format_stride_for_width (format, width);
data = malloc (stride * height);
surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data (data, format,
width, height,
stride);
</programlisting></informalexample>
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>format</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>A <link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> value
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>width</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>The desired width of an image surface to be created.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> the appropriate stride to use given the desired
format and width, or -1 if either the format is invalid or the width
too large.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist><para role="since">Since 1.6</para></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-create" role="function">
<title>cairo_image_surface_create ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-create"><primary sortas="image_surface_create">cairo_image_surface_create</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><returnvalue>cairo_surface_t</returnvalue></link> * cairo_image_surface_create (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> height</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Creates an image surface of the specified format and
dimensions. Initially the surface contents are all
0. (Specifically, within each pixel, each color or alpha channel
belonging to format will be 0. The contents of bits within a pixel,
but not belonging to the given format are undefined).
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>format</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>format of pixels in the surface to create
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>width</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>width of the surface, in pixels
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>height</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>height of the surface, in pixels
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> a pointer to the newly created surface. The caller
owns the surface and should call <link linkend="cairo-surface-destroy"><function>cairo_surface_destroy()</function></link> when done
with it.
This function always returns a valid pointer, but it will return a
pointer to a "nil" surface if an error such as out of memory
occurs. You can use <link linkend="cairo-surface-status"><function>cairo_surface_status()</function></link> to check for this.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-create-for-data" role="function">
<title>cairo_image_surface_create_for_data ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-create-for-data"><primary sortas="image_surface_create_for_data">cairo_image_surface_create_for_data</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><returnvalue>cairo_surface_t</returnvalue></link> * cairo_image_surface_create_for_data (<parameter>unsigned <link linkend="char"><type>char</type></link> *data</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><type>cairo_format_t</type></link> format</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> width</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> height</parameter>,
<parameter><link linkend="int"><type>int</type></link> stride</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Creates an image surface for the provided pixel data. The output
buffer must be kept around until the <link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> is destroyed
or <link linkend="cairo-surface-finish"><function>cairo_surface_finish()</function></link> is called on the surface. The initial
contents of <parameter>data</parameter> will be used as the initial image contents; you
must explicitly clear the buffer, using, for example,
<link linkend="cairo-rectangle"><function>cairo_rectangle()</function></link> and <link linkend="cairo-fill"><function>cairo_fill()</function></link> if you want it cleared.
</para>
<para>
Note that the stride may be larger than
width*bytes_per_pixel to provide proper alignment for each pixel
and row. This alignment is required to allow high-performance rendering
within cairo. The correct way to obtain a legal stride value is to
call <link linkend="cairo-format-stride-for-width"><function>cairo_format_stride_for_width()</function></link> with the desired format and
maximum image width value, and then use the resulting stride value
to allocate the data and to create the image surface. See
<link linkend="cairo-format-stride-for-width"><function>cairo_format_stride_for_width()</function></link> for example code.
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>data</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a pointer to a buffer supplied by the application in which
to write contents. This pointer must be suitably aligned for any
kind of variable, (for example, a pointer returned by malloc).
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>format</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>the format of pixels in the buffer
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>width</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>the width of the image to be stored in the buffer
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>height</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>the height of the image to be stored in the buffer
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><parameter>stride</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>the number of bytes between the start of rows in the
buffer as allocated. This value should always be computed by
<link linkend="cairo-format-stride-for-width"><function>cairo_format_stride_for_width()</function></link> before allocating the data
buffer.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> a pointer to the newly created surface. The caller
owns the surface and should call <link linkend="cairo-surface-destroy"><function>cairo_surface_destroy()</function></link> when done
with it.
This function always returns a valid pointer, but it will return a
pointer to a "nil" surface in the case of an error such as out of
memory or an invalid stride value. In case of invalid stride value
the error status of the returned surface will be
<link linkend="CAIRO-STATUS-INVALID-STRIDE:CAPS"><literal>CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_STRIDE</literal></link>. You can use
<link linkend="cairo-surface-status"><function>cairo_surface_status()</function></link> to check for this.
See <link linkend="cairo-surface-set-user-data"><function>cairo_surface_set_user_data()</function></link> for a means of attaching a
destroy-notification fallback to the surface if necessary.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-get-data" role="function" condition="since:1.2">
<title>cairo_image_surface_get_data ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-get-data" role="1.2"><primary sortas="image_surface_get_data">cairo_image_surface_get_data</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting>unsigned <link linkend="char"><returnvalue>char</returnvalue></link> * cairo_image_surface_get_data (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Get a pointer to the data of the image surface, for direct
inspection or modification.
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>surface</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-t"><type>cairo_image_surface_t</type></link>
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> a pointer to the image data of this surface or <link linkend="NULL:CAPS"><literal>NULL</literal></link>
if <parameter>surface</parameter> is not an image surface, or if <link linkend="cairo-surface-finish"><function>cairo_surface_finish()</function></link>
has been called.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist><para role="since">Since 1.2</para></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-get-format" role="function" condition="since:1.2">
<title>cairo_image_surface_get_format ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-get-format" role="1.2"><primary sortas="image_surface_get_format">cairo_image_surface_get_format</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="cairo-format-t"><returnvalue>cairo_format_t</returnvalue></link> cairo_image_surface_get_format (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Get the format of the surface.
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>surface</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-t"><type>cairo_image_surface_t</type></link>
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> the format of the surface
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist><para role="since">Since 1.2</para></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-get-width" role="function">
<title>cairo_image_surface_get_width ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-get-width"><primary sortas="image_surface_get_width">cairo_image_surface_get_width</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> cairo_image_surface_get_width (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Get the width of the image surface in pixels.
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>surface</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-t"><type>cairo_image_surface_t</type></link>
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> the width of the surface in pixels.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-get-height" role="function">
<title>cairo_image_surface_get_height ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-get-height"><primary sortas="image_surface_get_height">cairo_image_surface_get_height</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> cairo_image_surface_get_height (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Get the height of the image surface in pixels.
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>surface</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-t"><type>cairo_image_surface_t</type></link>
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> the height of the surface in pixels.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="cairo-image-surface-get-stride" role="function" condition="since:1.2">
<title>cairo_image_surface_get_stride ()</title>
<indexterm zone="cairo-image-surface-get-stride" role="1.2"><primary sortas="image_surface_get_stride">cairo_image_surface_get_stride</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting><link linkend="int"><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></link> cairo_image_surface_get_stride (<parameter><link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link> *surface</parameter>);</programlisting>
<para>
Get the stride of the image surface in bytes
</para><variablelist role="params">
<varlistentry><term><parameter>surface</parameter> :</term>
<listitem><simpara>a <link linkend="cairo-image-surface-t"><type>cairo_image_surface_t</type></link>
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Returns</emphasis> :</term><listitem><simpara> the stride of the image surface in bytes (or 0 if
<parameter>surface</parameter> is not an image surface). The stride is the distance in
bytes from the beginning of one row of the image data to the
beginning of the next row.
</simpara></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist><para role="since">Since 1.2</para></refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="cairo-Image-Surfaces.see-also">
<title>See Also</title>
<link linkend="cairo-surface-t"><type>cairo_surface_t</type></link>
</refsect1>
</refentry>