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<h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">System-wide virus and spam
scanning</a></h1>
<h2 class="SUBTITLE">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span>, <span class="APPLICATION">Clam
Antivirus</span> and <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>
under <span class="SYSTEMITEM">FreeBSD</span></h2>
<div class="AUTHORGROUP">
<a name="AEN9"></a>
<h3 class="AUTHOR"><a name="AEN10">Paul Hoadley</a></h3>
<h3 class="AUTHOR"><a name="AEN13">Eric Parsonage</a></h3>
</div>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2002 by Paul Hoadley and
Eric Parsonage</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$Date: 2004/08/27 02:44:19 $<br>
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a name="AEN21"></a>
<p>This document describes how to effect system-wide virus and
spam scanning of incoming email. The approach is based on the
<a href="http://www.qmail.org" target="_top"><span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span></a> mail transport agent, and is
not applicable to sites running <a href=
"http://www.sendmail.org" target="_top"><span class=
"APPLICATION">sendmail</span></a>. This document describes how
to install <a href="http://qmail-scanner.sourceforge.net"
target="_top"><span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span></a>, an enhancement for
<span class="APPLICATION">qmail</span> that allows incoming
mail to be passed through third-party filters prior to normal
local delivery. The two filters described in this document are
<a href="http://clamav.elektrapro.com/" target="_top"><span
class="APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span></a>, an open source
virus scanning package, and <a href=
"http://spamassassin.taint.org" target="_top"><span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span></a>, an open source spam
detector.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1. <a href="#AEN34">Pre-requisites</a></dt>
<dt>2. <a href="#AEN65">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span></a></dt>
<dt>3. <a href="#AEN120">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span></a></dt>
<dt>4. <a href="#AEN214">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span></a></dt>
<dt>A. <a href="#PERL">Fetching and installing Perl modules from
CPAN</a></dt>
<dt>B. <a href="#AEN292">Contacting the authors</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr>
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN34">1. Pre-requisites</a></h1>
<p>The following instructions are intended to be comprehensive,
but there are at least these pre-requisites:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The system should be running <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> as its mail transport agent. <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The following
instructions are targetted specifically at a <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> installation and will not work with
<span class="APPLICATION">sendmail</span></i></span>.
Instructions for installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> as a replacement for <span class=
"APPLICATION">sendmail</span> can be found in the document <a
href="qmail-how-to.html" target="_top">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> under FreeBSD</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="APPLICATION">qmail</span> must be compiled
with the <tt class="OPTION">WITH_QMAILQUEUE_PATCH</tt> option
by specifying <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">at
least</i></span>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>at the build stage. If <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> was built using the instructions in
the <a href="qmail-how-to.html" target="_top">Installing <span
class="APPLICATION">qmail</span> under FreeBSD</a> document,
this patch will have been applied.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>It is necessary to install <span class="APPLICATION">Clam
AntiVirus</span> and <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">prior</i></span> to
installing <span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span>, as the
latter tries to automatically detect available third-party
scanners at installation time. There are no dependencies between
<span class="APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span> and <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> in the following approach
— installation of either can be omitted if that
functionality is not required.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr>
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN65">2. Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span></a></h1>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN68">2.1. Building and installing
from source</a></h2>
<p>There is no <span class="SYSTEMITEM">FreeBSD</span> Port for
<span class="APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span>, so it needs to
be built by hand from the source. Firstly, obtain and unpack the
source:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Create new user and group names for <span class=
"APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
-s /sbin/nologin
</pre>
<p>Now configure and install <span class="APPLICATION">Clam
AntiVirus</span>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN80">2.2. Testing the
installation</a></h2>
<p>You should now read the documentation for <b class=
"COMMAND">clamscan</b> (<b class="COMMAND">man clamscan</b>, or
read the <a href="http://clamav.elektrapro.com/doc/html" target=
"_top">online documentation</a>). You can test the scanner by
running:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Obviously this can be run on the base directory of your
choice, and the log file location is also arbitrary. Next, use
the <b class="COMMAND">freshclam</b> command to update your
databases:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN90">2.3. Running <b class=
"COMMAND">freshclam</b> as a daemon</a></h2>
<p>The <b class="COMMAND">freshclam</b> database updater can be
run as a daemon. Firstly, create a log file for <b class=
"COMMAND">freshclam</b>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Create following script as <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav.sh</tt> to start up <b
class="COMMAND">freshclam</b> as a daemon at boot time, and
cause it to die gracefully at shutdown:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
start)
/usr/local/bin/freshclam -d -c 2 -l /var/log/freshclam.log
echo -n ' freshclam'
;;
stop)
/usr/bin/killall freshclam > /dev/null 2>&1 \
&& echo -n ' freshclam'
;;
*)
echo ""
echo "Usage: `basename $0` { start | stop }"
echo ""
exit 64
;;
esac
</pre>
<p>Ensure that the script is executable:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN103">2.4. Running <b class=
"COMMAND">clamscan</b> on a regular basis</a></h2>
<p>If you have a filesystem directory tree that you think would
benefit from regular virus scanning (anything accessible from
any <span class="SYSTEMITEM">Microsoft Windows</span> machines
on your LAN would probably be candidates), you can set up a <b
class="COMMAND">cron</b> job to run <b class=
"COMMAND">clamscan</b> on a regular basis. Read the <span class=
"APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span> documentation and decide
which options to <b class="COMMAND">clamscan</b> are appropriate
for your site. For example, you may not wish to specify the <tt
class="OPTION">--remove</tt> option, and you may wish to <tt
class="OPTION">--exclude</tt> any number of files or directories
from scanning. As an example, the following entry appended to
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/crontab</tt> will scan <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr</tt> daily at 6.00am:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
0 6 * * * root /usr/local/bin/clamscan --recursive
--infected
--exclude /usr/local/share/clamav/viruses.db
--exclude /usr/local/share/clamav/viruses.db2
--log=/var/log/clamscan.log
/usr/home
</pre>
<div class="NOTE">
<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src=
"./images/note.gif" hspace="5" alt="Note"></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
<p>The line in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/crontab</tt> is
shown broken here to improve readability, but should
appear as a single line in the file.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr>
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN120">3. Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span></a></h1>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN123">3.1. Building and installing
from source</a></h2>
<p>There is a <span class="SYSTEMITEM">FreeBSD</span> Port for
<span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>, though it will
build an old version (2.41). Either build that port with:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>or build the latest version by hand from the source as
follows. Firstly, obtain and unpack the source:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Now, build the <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> with <b
class="COMMAND">perl</b>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<div class="NOTE">
<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src=
"./images/note.gif" hspace="5" alt="Note"></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
<p>At this point, <b class="COMMAND">perl</b> will warn
you of any dependencies on Perl packages your system is
missing. Fetching and installing Perl packages is
described in an <a href="#PERL">Appendix</a> below.
Fetch and install any packages required before
proceeding.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>Now build <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN142">3.2. Testing the
installation</a></h2>
<p>You should now test <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> on the sample files provided.
Firstly, test some known spam:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>View the resulting file, <tt class="FILENAME">spam.out</tt>.
<span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> should add the
following headers to the message:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
X-Spam-Status: Yes, hits=14.7 required=5.0
tests=ALL_CAPS_HEADER,CALL_FREE,DATE_IN_PAST_24_48,
DRASTIC_REDUCED,FROM_HAS_MIXED_NUMS,HOME_EMPLOYMENT,
INVALID_DATE,INVALID_MSGID,LINES_OF_YELLING,
MSGID_HAS_NO_AT,NO_REAL_NAME,ONCE_IN_LIFETIME,REMOVE_SUBJ,
SMTPD_IN_RCVD,SPAM_PHRASE_21_34,UNDISC_RECIPS
version=2.43
X-Spam-Flag: YES
X-Spam-Level: **************
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.43 (1.115.2.20-2002-10-15-exp)
</pre>
<p>Additionally, there will be a banner explaining in detail
what tests were failed.</p>
<p>Next, test <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> with
a piece of genuine email:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>This should add only the following headers to the mail,
indiciating the message is not considered spam:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.9 required=5.0
tests=GAPPY_TEXT,LINES_OF_YELLING,PGP_SIGNATURE,
SPAM_PHRASE_02_03,TO_BE_REMOVED_REPLY
version=2.43
X-Spam-Level:
</pre>
<div class="NOTE">
<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src=
"./images/note.gif" hspace="5" alt="Note"></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
<p><span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>'s only
action is to mark mail that it considers spam with the
<tt class="OPTION">X-Spam-</tt> headers. It does not
delete or even remove spam. Another agent is required in
the chain to move the spam once detected. Instructions
are given <a href="#PROCMAIL">below</a> for a simple
per-user <a href="www.procmail.org" target="_top"><span
class="APPLICATION">procmail</span></a> recipe for
moving spam to a separate folder.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN164">3.3. Running <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> as a daemon: <b class=
"COMMAND">spamd</b></a></h2>
<p>If <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> was
installed from the Ports System, a startup script for <b class=
"COMMAND">spamd</b> will have been placed in <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/spamd.sh</tt>. If <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> was installed by hand, you
should now create a startup script for <b class=
"COMMAND">spamd</b> (the daemon version of <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>), similar to the one created
above for <b class="COMMAND">freshclam</b>. Create the following
script as <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/spamd.sh</tt>:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
start)
/usr/bin/spamd -a -d && echo -n ' spamd'
;;
stop)
spamdpid=`ps -ax | grep spamd | grep -v grep | grep -v sh | awk '{ print $1 }'`
if [ "$spamdpid" != "" ]; then
kill $spamdpid > /dev/null 2>&1
echo -n " spamd"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
;;
esac
exit 0
</pre>
<p>Remember to make the script executable, then use it to start
<b class="COMMAND">spamd</b> — <b class=
"COMMAND">qmail-scanner</b> will only find the <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> daemon if it is running at the
time of install:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="PROCMAIL">3.4. Using <span class=
"APPLICATION">procmail</span> to filter the spam</a></h2>
<p>As noted above, <span class="APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>
only tags spam with <tt class="OPTION">X-Spam-</tt> headers. If
you don't do anything else, you'll still receive spam in your
mailbox — it will just be identified as spam by those
headers. One common solution is to use <span class=
"APPLICATION">procmail</span> as a mail delivery agent and
instruct it to place the spam in a Maildir of its own. There is
a lot of good documentation on installing and running <span
class="APPLICATION">procmail</span>, and a thorough treatment of
that complex program is beyond the scope of this document. If
you have <span class="APPLICATION">procmail</span> installed at
your site already, though, or even if you are prepared to
install it from the Ports System <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">just to redirect <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>-tagged spam</i></span>, the
following is a minimal procmail recipe to redirect spam to the
Maildir <tt class="FILENAME">$HOME/Maildir/.Spam/</tt>:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
:0:
* ^X-Spam-Status: Yes
$HOME/Maildir/.Spam/
</pre>
<p>This recipe would be placed in each user's <tt class=
"FILENAME">.procmailrc</tt> file. In addition, placing it in the
file <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/skel/dot.procmailrc</tt>
will ensure that any newly created users will have a <tt class=
"FILENAME">.procmailrc</tt> file generated in their home
directory. Each user will also need to have a <tt class=
"FILENAME">.Spam</tt> Maildir created for them. For example, to
create the Maildir for <span class="SYSTEMITEM">paulh</span>,
enter:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>In order to get <span class="APPLICATION">qmail</span> to
call <span class="APPLICATION">procmail</span>, each user's <tt
class="FILENAME">.qmail</tt> file should contain the
following:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
|IFS=' ' && exec /usr/local/bin/procmail -f- || exit 75
</pre>
<p>Again, to ensure all new users have this <tt class=
"FILENAME">.qmail</tt> created for them, replace the contents of
<tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/skel/dot.qmail</tt> with the
line above.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src=
"./images/note.gif" hspace="5" alt="Note"></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
<p>Installing and running <span class=
"APPLICATION">procmail</span> is non-trivial. Read the
documentation and the numerous FAQs and How-Tos if you
plan to do this.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr>
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN214">4. Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span></a></h1>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN217">4.1. Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">maildrop</span></a></h2>
<p><span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> depends on the
<b class="COMMAND">reformime</b> command, available as part of
the <span class="APPLICATION">maildrop</span> package. <span
class="APPLICATION">maildrop</span> is available in the <span
class="SYSTEMITEM">FreeBSD</span> Ports System, and is easily
installed:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN227">4.2. Installing and building
from source</a></h2>
<p>There is no <span class="SYSTEMITEM">FreeBSD</span> Port for
<span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span>, so it needs to
be built by hand from the source. Firstly, obtain and unpack the
source:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Now run the configure script in help mode to view the
options:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>You may wish to explicitly specify some of the options for
which the defaults are unsuitable at your site. For example, you
may wish to change <tt class="OPTION">--admin</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">--notify</tt> at a minimum. The run the configure
script using your options and the <tt class=
"OPTION">--install</tt> option. For example:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>You need to set the SUID bit on the <b class=
"COMMAND">suidperl</b> command:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<div class="NOTE">
<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src=
"./images/note.gif" hspace="5" alt="Note"></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">This may
be a security risk.</i></span> You need to evaluate this
action based on the security policy at your site. <b
class="COMMAND">qmail-scanner</b> will not operate
without this change, however.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><b class="COMMAND">qmail-smtpd</b> needs to be instructed to
use the <b class="COMMAND">qmail-scanner-queue.pl</b> script in
<tt class="FILENAME">/var/qmail/bin</tt> instead of the standard
<b class="COMMAND">qmail-queue</b> binary. If your site uses <b
class="COMMAND">tcpserver</b> to handle connections to <b class=
"COMMAND">qmail-smtpd</b> (as described in <a href=
"qmail-how-to.html" target="_top">Installing <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> under FreeBSD</a>), <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/tcp.smtp</tt> should be updated to set the <tt
class="ENVAR">QMAILQUEUE</tt> environment variable. The precise
contents of this file will vary between sites depending on you
LAN configuration. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/tcp.smtp</tt>
file constructed in <a href="qmail-how-to.html" target=
"_top">Installing <span class="APPLICATION">qmail</span> under
FreeBSD</a> would be modified as follows:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
192.168.0.:allow,RELAYCLIENT="",QMAILQUEUE="/var/qmail/bin/qmail-scanner-queue.pl"
127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT="",QMAILQUEUE="/var/qmail/bin/qmail-scanner-queue.pl"
:allow,QMAILQUEUE="/var/qmail/bin/qmail-scanner-queue.pl"
</pre>
<p>Now rebuild the ruleset for <b class=
"COMMAND">tcpserver</b>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>Finally, stop and restart the <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail</span> binaries:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr>
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN268">4.3. Testing the
installation</a></h2>
<p>The <span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span>
distribution provides a script and some test files containing
virus signatures to test the virus scanner. Run these through
<span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> now:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>This will send three emails to the address you specified as
<tt class="OPTION">--admin</tt> during the <span class=
"APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> installation. The first
should arrive unmodified (though it will have an X-Spam-Status:
header if you have set up <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span>), but the second and third
should be caught by either the internal (simple) virus scanner
of <span class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> or by <span
class="APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span>. Email caught by <span
class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> is deposited in <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/spool/qmailscan/quarantine</tt> in Maildir
format.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="APPENDIX">
<hr>
<h1 class="APPENDIX"><a name="PERL">A. Fetching and installing
Perl modules from CPAN</a></h1>
<p>At several points during the installation of the Perl-based
applications, <b class="COMMAND">perl</b> may complain about
dependencies on packages not present on your system. This is
easily solved by installing the packages it requires from CPAN.
The easiest way is to use a CPAN shell:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
</pre>
<p>If you are running the CPAN module for the first time, there
may be some setup required — just follow the prompts. When
you get the <tt class="PROMPT">cpan></tt> prompt, install the
packages required. For example, to install <tt class=
"FILENAME">Time::HiRes</tt>, simply enter:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
cpan> install Time::HiRes
</pre>
<p>You can instruct the shell to install as many packages as you
need in this manner.</p>
</div>
<div class="APPENDIX">
<hr>
<h1 class="APPENDIX"><a name="AEN292">B. Contacting the
authors</a></h1>
<p>This document was written by <a href=
"mailto:paulh@logicsquad.net" target="_top">Paul Hoadley</a> and
<a href="mailto:eric@eparsonage.com" target="_top">Eric
Parsonage</a>. This document describes what we did to get <span
class="APPLICATION">qmail-scanner</span> co-operating with <span
class="APPLICATION">Clam AntiVirus</span> and <span class=
"APPLICATION">SpamAssassin</span> on two FreeBSD 4.7 systems. Your
mileage may vary. If you notice any errors in this document, or
your experience with the software used was vastly different,
please <a href="mailto:paulh@logicsquad.net" target="_top">let us
know</a>.</p>
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