=pod =head1 NAME s_client - SSL/TLS client program =head1 SYNOPSIS B<openssl> B<s_client> [B<-connect> host:port>] [B<-verify depth>] [B<-cert filename>] [B<-key filename>] [B<-CApath directory>] [B<-CAfile filename>] [B<-reconnect>] [B<-pause>] [B<-showcerts>] [B<-debug>] [B<-nbio_test>] [B<-state>] [B<-nbio>] [B<-crlf>] [B<-ign_eof>] [B<-quiet>] [B<-ssl2>] [B<-ssl3>] [B<-tls1>] [B<-no_ssl2>] [B<-no_ssl3>] [B<-no_tls1>] [B<-bugs>] [B<-cipher cipherlist>] [B<-rand file(s)>] =head1 DESCRIPTION The B<s_client> command implements a generic SSL/TLS client which connects to a remote host using SSL/TLS. It is a I<very> useful diagnostic tool for SSL servers. =head1 OPTIONS =over 4 =item B<-connect host:port> This specifies the host and optional port to connect to. If not specified then an attempt is made to connect to the local host on port 4433. =item B<-cert certname> The certificate to use, if one is requested by the server. The default is not to use a certificate. =item B<-key keyfile> The private key to use. If not specified then the certificate file will be used. =item B<-verify depth> The verify depth to use. This specifies the maximum length of the server certificate chain and turns on server certificate verification. Currently the verify operation continues after errors so all the problems with a certificate chain can be seen. As a side effect the connection will never fail due to a server certificate verify failure. =item B<-CApath directory> The directory to use for server certificate verification. This directory must be in "hash format", see B<verify> for more information. These are also used when building the client certificate chain. =item B<-CAfile file> A file containing trusted certificates to use during server authentication and to use when attempting to build the client certificate chain. =item B<-reconnect> reconnects to the same server 5 times using the same session ID, this can be used as a test that session caching is working. =item B<-pause> pauses 1 second between each read and write call. =item B<-showcerts> display the whole server certificate chain: normally only the server certificate itself is displayed. =item B<-prexit> print session information when the program exits. This will always attempt to print out information even if the connection fails. Normally information will only be printed out once if the connection succeeds. This option is useful because the cipher in use may be renegotiated or the connection may fail because a client certificate is required or is requested only after an attempt is made to access a certain URL. Note: the output produced by this option is not always accurate because a connection might never have been established. =item B<-state> prints out the SSL session states. =item B<-debug> print extensive debugging information including a hex dump of all traffic. =item B<-nbio_test> tests non-blocking I/O =item B<-nbio> turns on non-blocking I/O =item B<-crlf> this option translated a line feed from the terminal into CR+LF as required by some servers. =item B<-ign_eof> inhibit shutting down the connection when end of file is reached in the input. =item B<-quiet> inhibit printing of session and certificate information. This implicitely turns on B<-ign_eof> as well. =item B<-ssl2>, B<-ssl3>, B<-tls1>, B<-no_ssl2>, B<-no_ssl3>, B<-no_tls1> these options disable the use of certain SSL or TLS protocols. By default the initial handshake uses a method which should be compatible with all servers and permit them to use SSL v3, SSL v2 or TLS as appropriate. Unfortunately there are a lot of ancient and broken servers in use which cannot handle this technique and will fail to connect. Some servers only work if TLS is turned off with the B<-no_tls> option others will only support SSL v2 and may need the B<-ssl2> option. =item B<-bugs> there are several known bug in SSL and TLS implementations. Adding this option enables various workarounds. =item B<-cipher cipherlist> this allows the cipher list sent by the client to be modified. Although the server determines which cipher suite is used it should take the first supported cipher in the list sent by the client. See the B<ciphers> command for more information. =item B<-rand file(s)> a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an EGD socket (see L<RAND_egd(3)|RAND_egd(3)>). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for all others. =back =head1 CONNECTED COMMANDS If a connection is established with an SSL server then any data received from the server is displayed and any key presses will be sent to the server. When used interactively (which means neither B<-quiet> nor B<-ign_eof> have been given), the session will be renegociated if the line begins with an B<R>, and if the line begins with a B<Q> or if end of file is reached, the connection will be closed down. =head1 NOTES B<s_client> can be used to debug SSL servers. To connect to an SSL HTTP server the command: openssl s_client -connect servername:443 would typically be used (https uses port 443). If the connection succeeds then an HTTP command can be given such as "GET /" to retrieve a web page. If the handshake fails then there are several possible causes, if it is nothing obvious like no client certificate then the B<-bugs>, B<-ssl2>, B<-ssl3>, B<-tls1>, B<-no_ssl2>, B<-no_ssl3>, B<-no_tls1> can be tried in case it is a buggy server. In particular you should play with these options B<before> submitting a bug report to an OpenSSL mailing list. A frequent problem when attempting to get client certificates working is that a web client complains it has no certificates or gives an empty list to choose from. This is normally because the server is not sending the clients certificate authority in its "acceptable CA list" when it requests a certificate. By using B<s_client> the CA list can be viewed and checked. However some servers only request client authentication after a specific URL is requested. To obtain the list in this case it is necessary to use the B<-prexit> command and send an HTTP request for an appropriate page. If a certificate is specified on the command line using the B<-cert> option it will not be used unless the server specifically requests a client certificate. Therefor merely including a client certificate on the command line is no guarantee that the certificate works. If there are problems verifying a server certificate then the B<-showcerts> option can be used to show the whole chain. =head1 BUGS Because this program has a lot of options and also because some of the techniques used are rather old, the C source of s_client is rather hard to read and not a model of how things should be done. A typical SSL client program would be much simpler. The B<-verify> option should really exit if the server verification fails. The B<-prexit> option is a bit of a hack. We should really report information whenever a session is renegotiated. =head1 SEE ALSO L<sess_id(1)|sess_id(1)>, L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<ciphers(1)|ciphers(1)> =cut