BusProberSharedFunctions.m   [plain text]


/*
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Apple Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */


#import "BusProberSharedFunctions.h"

IOReturn GetPortInformation( IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, uint32_t * portInfo ) {
	IOReturn err;
    
    err = (*deviceIntf)->GetUSBDeviceInformation(deviceIntf, (UInt32 *)portInfo);

    return err;
}

int GetDeviceLocationID( IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt32 * locationID ) {
	IOReturn err;
    
    err = (*deviceIntf)->GetLocationID(deviceIntf, locationID);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: GetDeviceSpeed() failed");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int GetDeviceSpeed( IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt8 * speed ) {
    IOReturn err;
    
    err = (*deviceIntf)->GetDeviceSpeed(deviceIntf, speed);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: GetDeviceSpeed() failed");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int GetDeviceAddress( IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, USBDeviceAddress * address ) {
    IOReturn err;
    
    err = (*deviceIntf)->GetDeviceAddress(deviceIntf, address);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: GetDeviceAddress() failed");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int SuspendDevice( IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, BOOL suspend ) {
    IOReturn err;
    
	// First, see if we can open the IOUSBDevice.  If so, then call suspend and then close
    err = (*deviceIntf)->USBDeviceOpen(deviceIntf);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: USBDeviceOpen() failed 0x%x", err);
        return err;
    }
    err = (*deviceIntf)->USBDeviceSuspend(deviceIntf, suspend);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: USBDeviceSuspend() failed  0x%x", err);
        return err;
    }
    err = (*deviceIntf)->USBDeviceClose(deviceIntf);
    if (err) {
        NSLog(@"USB Prober: USBDeviceClose() failed  0x%x", err);
        return err;
    }
    return 0;
}

IOReturn GetDescriptor(IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt8 descType, UInt8 descIndex, void *buf, UInt16 len, IOReturn *actError) {
    IOUSBDevRequest req;
	IOReturn err;
    
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
    req.wValue = (descType << 8) | descIndex;
    req.wIndex = 0;
    req.wLength = len;
    req.pData = buf;
    
	err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req);
	
	if (actError != nil)
	{
		*actError = kIOReturnSuccess;
		if (err != kIOReturnSuccess)
		{
			if (req.wLenDone == len)
			{
				*actError = err;
				err = kIOReturnSuccess;
			}
		}
	}
	
    return err;
}

int GetStringDescriptor(IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt8 descIndex, void *buf, UInt16 len, UInt16 lang) {
    IOUSBDevRequest req;
    UInt8 		desc[256]; // Max possible descriptor length
    int stringLen;
    IOReturn err;
    if (lang == 0) // set default langID
        lang=0x0409;
    
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
    req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) | descIndex;
    req.wIndex = lang;	// English
    req.wLength = 2;
    req.pData = &desc;
    verify_noerr(err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req));
    if ( (err != kIOReturnSuccess) && (err != kIOReturnOverrun) )
        return -1;
    
    // If the string is 0 (it happens), then just return 0 as the length
    //
    stringLen = desc[0];
    if (stringLen == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    
    // OK, now that we have the string length, make a request for the full length
    //
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
    req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) | descIndex;
    req.wIndex = lang;	// English
    req.wLength = stringLen;
    req.pData = buf;
    
    verify_noerr(err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req));
	if ( err ) return -1;
    
    return req.wLenDone;
}

int GetClassDescriptor(IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt8 descType, UInt8 descIndex, void *buf, UInt16 len)
{
    IOUSBDevRequest req;
    IOReturn err;
    
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBClass, kUSBDevice);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
    req.wValue = (descType << 8) | descIndex;
    req.wIndex = 0;
    req.wLength = len;
    req.pData = buf;
    
    verify_noerr(err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req));
    if (err) return -1;
    return req.wLenDone;
}

int GetDescriptorFromInterface(IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf, UInt8 descType, UInt8 descIndex, UInt16 wIndex, void *buf, UInt16 len, Boolean inCurrentConfig)
{
    IOUSBDevRequest req;
    IOReturn err;
    
	if(!inCurrentConfig)	// Can only get something from an interface, if the interface exists, ie in current config
	{
		return(-1);
	}
	
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBInterface);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
    req.wValue = (descType << 8) | descIndex;
    req.wIndex = wIndex;
    req.wLength = len;
    req.pData = buf;
    
    verify_noerr(err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req));
    if (err) return -1;
    return req.wLenDone;
}

int GetCurrentConfiguration(IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf)
{
    IOUSBDevRequest req;
    IOReturn err;
	char buf;
    
	bzero(&req, sizeof(req));
    req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
    req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetConfig;
    req.wValue = 0;
    req.wIndex = 0;
    req.wLength = 1;
    req.pData = &buf;
    
    verify_noerr(err = (*deviceIntf)->DeviceRequest(deviceIntf, &req));
    if (err) return -1;
    return buf;
}

char * GetStringFromNumber(UInt32 value, int sizeInBytes, int style) {
    char *format = malloc(32 *sizeof(char));
    char *valstr = malloc(32 *sizeof(char));
    
    memset(format, '\0', 32 *sizeof(char));
    memset(valstr, '\0', 32 *sizeof(char));
    
    if (style == kIntegerOutputStyle) {
        sprintf(valstr, "%d",(int)value);
		free(format);
        return valstr;
    }
    else if (style == kHexOutputStyle) {
        sprintf(format, "0x%%0%dlX", sizeInBytes*2);
        sprintf(valstr, format, value);
		free(format);
        return valstr;
    } else {
		free(format);
		free(valstr);
        return NULL;
    }
}

char * GetStringFromIndex(UInt8 strIndex, IOUSBDeviceRef deviceIntf) {
    Byte buf[256];
    char *str2 =  malloc(500 * sizeof(char));
    memset(str2,'\0', 500 * sizeof(char));
    
    if (strIndex > 0) {
        int len;
        buf[0] = 0;
        len = GetStringDescriptor(deviceIntf, strIndex, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
        
        if (len > 2) {
            Byte *p;
            CFStringRef str;
            for (p = buf + 2; p < buf + len; p += 2)
            {
                Swap16(p);
            }
            
            str = CFStringCreateWithCharacters(NULL, (const UniChar *)(buf+2), (len-2)/2);
            CFStringGetCString(str, (char *)buf, 256, kCFStringEncodingNonLossyASCII);
            CFRelease(str);
            sprintf(str2, "\"%s\"", buf);
            return str2;
        }
        else {
            strcat(str2,"0x00");
            return str2;
        }
    }
    else {
        strcat(str2,"0x00");
        return str2;
    }
}


BusProbeClass * GetDeviceClassAndSubClass(UInt8 * pcls) {
    BusProbeClass *bpClass = [[BusProbeClass alloc] init];
    NSString *cls = @"", *sub = @"", *protocol = @"";
    
    switch (pcls[0]) {
        case kUSBCompositeClass:
            cls = @"Composite";
            break;
        case kUSBCommClass:
            cls = @"Communication";
            break;
        case kUSBHubClass:
            cls = @"Hub";
            // Check the bDeviceProtocol.  If 0, then hub is operating at full/low Speed
            //
            switch (pcls[2]) {
                case 1:
                    protocol = @"High Speed Single Transaction Translator";
                    break;
                case 2:
                    protocol = @"High Speed Multiple Transaction Translators";
                    break;
                case 0:
                default:
                    protocol = @"Full/Low Speed";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBDiagnosticClass:
            cls = @"Diagnostic Device";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBReprogrammableDiagnosticSubClass:
                    sub = @"Reprogrammable Diagnostic Device";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            switch (pcls[2]) {
                case kUSB2ComplianceDeviceProtocol:
                    protocol = @"USB2 Compliance Device";
                    break;
                default:
                    protocol = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBWirelessControllerClass:
            cls = @"Wireless Controller";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBRFControllerSubClass:
                    sub = @"RF Controller";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            switch (pcls[2]) {
                case kUSBBluetoothProgrammingInterfaceProtocol:
                    protocol = @"Bluetooth Programming Interface";
                    break;
                default:
                    protocol = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBMiscellaneousClass:
            cls = @"Miscellaneous";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBCommonClassSubClass:
                    sub = @"Common Class";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            switch (pcls[2]) {
                case KUSBInterfaceAssociationDescriptorProtocol:
                    protocol = @"Interface Association";
                    break;
                default:
                    protocol = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBVendorSpecificClass:
            cls = sub = @"Vendor-specific";
            break;            
        default:
            cls = @"Unknown";
            break;
    }
    
    [bpClass setClassNum:pcls[0]];
    [bpClass setSubclassNum:pcls[1]];
    [bpClass setProtocolNum:pcls[2]];
    
    [bpClass setClassName:cls];
    [bpClass setSubclassName:sub];
    [bpClass setProtocolName:protocol];
    
    return [bpClass autorelease];
}

BusProbeClass * GetInterfaceClassAndSubClass(UInt8 * pcls) {
    BusProbeClass *bpClass = [[BusProbeClass alloc] init];
    NSString *cls = @"", *sub = @"",  *protocol = @"";;
    
    switch (pcls[0]) {
        case kUSBAudioInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Audio";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBAudioControlSubClass:
                    sub = @"Control";
                    break;
                case kUSBAudioStreamingSubClass:
                    sub = @"Streaming";
                    break;
                case kUSBMIDIStreamingSubClass:
                    sub = @"Streaming";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBCommClass:
            cls = @"Communications-Control";
            break;
        case kUSBHIDClass:			
            cls = @"HID";
            switch (pcls[1])
            {
                case kUSBHIDBootInterfaceSubClass:
                    sub = @"Boot Interface";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBPhysicalInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Physical";
            break;
        case kUSBImageInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Image";
            break;
        case kUSBPrintingInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Printer";
            break;
        case kUSBMassStorageInterfaceClass:		
            cls = @"Mass Storage";
            switch (pcls[1])
            {
                case kUSBMassStorageRBCSubClass:        sub = @"Reduced Block Commands"; break;
                case kUSBMassStorageATAPISubClass:  	sub = @"ATAPI"; break;
                case kUSBMassStorageQIC157SubClass:  	sub = @"QIC-157"; break;
                case kUSBMassStorageUFISubClass:  	sub = @"UFI"; break;
                case kUSBMassStorageSFF8070iSubClass:  	sub = @"SFF-8070i"; break;
                case kUSBMassStorageSCSISubClass:  	sub = @"SCSI"; break;
                default:                        	sub = @"Unknown"; break;
            }
            break;
            
        case kUSBHubClass:
            cls = @"Hub";

            switch (pcls[2]) {
                case 1:
                    protocol = @"Multi TT Hub configured as a Single TT Hub";
                    break;
                case 2:
                    protocol = @"Multi TT Hub";
                    break;
                case 0:
                default:
                    protocol = @"";
                    break;
            }
                break;
        case kUSBCommunicationDataInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Communications-Data";
            switch (pcls[1])
            {
                case kUSBCommDirectLineSubClass:	sub = @"Direct Line Model";  break;
                case kUSBCommAbstractSubClass:		sub = @"Abstract Model";   break;
                case kUSBCommTelephoneSubClass:		sub = @"Telephone Model"; break;
                case kUSBCommMultiChannelSubClass:	sub = @"Multi Channel Model"; break;
                case kUSBCommCAPISubClass:		sub = @"CAPI Model"; break;
                case kUSBCommEthernetNetworkingSubClass:sub = @"Ethernet Networking Model";  break;
                case kUSBATMNetworkingSubClass:		sub = @"ATM Networking Model";  break;
                default:				sub = @"Unknown Comm Class Model";  break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBChipSmartCardInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Chip/Smart-Card";
            break;
        case kUSBContentSecurityInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Content-Security";
            break;
        case kUSBVideoInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Video";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBVideoControlSubClass:
                    sub = @"Control";
                    break;
                case kUSBVideoStreamingSubClass:
                    sub = @"Streaming";
                    break;
                case kUSBVideoInterfaceCollectionSubClass:
                    sub = @"Interface Collection";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
                break;
            break;
        case kUSBDiagnosticDeviceInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Diagnostic Device";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBReprogrammableDiagnosticSubClass:
                    sub = @"Reprogrammable Diagnostic Device";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBWirelessControllerInterfaceClass:
            cls = @"Wireless Controller";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBRFControllerSubClass:
                    sub = @"RF Controller";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
                switch (pcls[2]) {
                    case kUSBBluetoothProgrammingInterfaceProtocol:
                        protocol = @"Bluetooth Programming Interface";
                        break;
                    default:
                        protocol = @"Unknown";
                        break;
                }
                break;
        case kUSBApplicationSpecificClass:
            cls = @"Application Specific";
            switch (pcls[1]) {
                case kUSBDFUSubClass:
                    sub = @"Device Firmware Update";
                    break;
                case kUSBIrDABridgeSubClass:
                    sub = @"IrDA Bridge";
                    break;
                case kUSBTestMeasurementSubClass:
                    sub = @"Test & Measurement Class";
                    break;
                default:
                    sub = @"Unknown";
                    break;
            }
            break;
        case kUSBVendorSpecificClass:
            cls = sub = @"Vendor-specific";
            break;
        default:
            cls = @"Unknown";
            break;
    }
    
    [bpClass setClassNum:pcls[0]];
    [bpClass setSubclassNum:pcls[1]];
    [bpClass setProtocolNum:pcls[2]];
   
    [bpClass setClassName:cls];
    [bpClass setSubclassName:sub];
    [bpClass setProtocolName:protocol];
    
    return [bpClass autorelease];
}

NSString * VendorNameFromVendorID(NSString * intValueAsString) {
    static NSMutableDictionary * gVendorNamesDictionary = nil;
    NSString *vendorName;
    
    if (gVendorNamesDictionary == nil) {
        gVendorNamesDictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary dictionary] retain];
        
        NSString *vendorListString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"USBVendors" ofType:@"txt"] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:NULL];
        
        if (vendorListString == nil) { 
            NSLog(@"USB Prober: Error reading USBVendors.txt from the Resources directory");
        } else {
            NSArray *vendorsAndIDs = [vendorListString componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"];
            if (vendorsAndIDs == nil) { 
                NSLog(@"USB Prober: Error parsing USBVendors.txt");
            } else {
                NSEnumerator *enumerator = [vendorsAndIDs objectEnumerator];
                NSString *vendorIDCombo;
                NSArray *aVendor;
                while ((vendorIDCombo = [enumerator nextObject])) {
                    aVendor = [vendorIDCombo componentsSeparatedByString:@"|"];
                    if (aVendor == nil || [aVendor count] < 2) { 
                        continue;
                    }
                    [gVendorNamesDictionary setObject:[aVendor objectAtIndex:1] forKey:[aVendor objectAtIndex:0]];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    vendorName = [gVendorNamesDictionary objectForKey:intValueAsString];
    
    return (vendorName != nil ? vendorName : @"unknown vendor");
}

NSString * GetUSBProductNameFromRegistry(io_registry_entry_t entry) {

	return (NSString *) IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(	entry, CFSTR(kUSBProductString), kCFAllocatorDefault, 0);
	
}

void FreeString(char * cstr) {
    if (cstr != NULL) {
        free(cstr);
        cstr = NULL;
    }
}

UInt16	Swap16(void *p) {
    * (UInt16 *) p = CFSwapInt16LittleToHost(*(UInt16 *)p);
    return * (UInt16 *) p;
}

uint32_t	Swap32(void *p) {
    * (uint32_t *) p = CFSwapInt32LittleToHost(*(uint32_t *)p);
    return * (uint32_t *) p;
}

uint64_t	Swap64(void *p) {
    * (uint64_t *) p = CFSwapInt64LittleToHost(*(uint64_t *)p);
    return * (uint64_t *) p;
    
}

//  This function will NOT swap the results in memory.  It will
//  take a pointer to a UInt32 that looks like 0xAABBCCDD and return
//  a uint32_t that has the first 3 bytes swapped:  0x00CCBBAA
//
uint32_t Swap24(void *p) {
    uint32_t temp = CFSwapInt32LittleToHost(*(uint32_t *)p);
    return ( temp & 0x00FFFFFF);
}

const char *
USBErrorToString(IOReturn status)
{
    switch (status) {
		case kIOReturnSuccess:
			return "kIOReturnSuccess";
		case kIOReturnError:
			return "kIOReturnError";
		case kIOReturnNotResponding:
			return "kIOReturnNotResponding";
		case kIOUSBPipeStalled:
			return "kIOUSBPipeStalled";
		case kIOReturnOverrun:
			return "kIOReturnOverrun";
		case kIOReturnUnderrun:
			return "kIOReturnUnderrun";
		case kIOReturnExclusiveAccess:
			return "kIOReturnExclusiveAccess";
		case kIOUSBTransactionReturned:
			return "kIOUSBTransactionReturned";
		case kIOReturnAborted:
			return "kIOReturnAborted";
		case kIOReturnIsoTooNew:
			return "kIOReturnIsoTooNew";
		case kIOReturnIsoTooOld:
			return "kIOReturnIsoTooOld";
		case kIOReturnNoDevice:
			return "kIOReturnNoDevice";
		case kIOReturnBadArgument:
			return "kIOReturnBadArgument";
		case kIOReturnInternalError:
			return "kIOReturnInternalError";
		case kIOReturnNoMemory:
			return "kIOReturnNoMemory";
		case kIOReturnUnsupported:
			return "kIOReturnUnsupported";
		case kIOReturnNoResources:
			return "kIOReturnNoResources";
		case kIOReturnNoBandwidth:
			return "kIOReturnNoBandwidth";
		case kIOReturnIPCError:
			return "kIOReturnIPCError";
		case kIOReturnTimeout:
			return "kIOReturnTimeout";
		case kIOReturnBusy:
			return "kIOReturnBusy";
		case kIOUSBUnknownPipeErr:
			return "kIOUSBUnknownPipeErr";
		case kIOUSBTooManyPipesErr:
			return "kIOUSBTooManyPipesErr";
		case kIOUSBNoAsyncPortErr:
			return "kIOUSBNoAsyncPortErr";
		case kIOUSBNotEnoughPipesErr:
			return "kIOUSBNotEnoughPipesErr";
		case kIOUSBNotEnoughPowerErr:
			return "kIOUSBNotEnoughPowerErr";
		case kIOUSBEndpointNotFound:
			return "kIOUSBEndpointNotFound";
		case kIOUSBConfigNotFound:
			return "kIOUSBConfigNotFound";
		case kIOUSBTransactionTimeout:
			return "kIOUSBTransactionTimeout";
		case kIOUSBLowLatencyBufferNotPreviouslyAllocated:
			return "kIOUSBLowLatencyBufferNotPreviouslyAllocated";
		case kIOUSBLowLatencyFrameListNotPreviouslyAllocated:
			return "kIOUSBLowLatencyFrameListNotPreviouslyAllocated";
		case kIOUSBHighSpeedSplitError:
			return "kIOUSBHighSpeedSplitError";
		case kIOUSBSyncRequestOnWLThread:
			return "kIOUSBSyncRequestOnWLThread";
		case kIOUSBLinkErr:
			return "kIOUSBLinkErr";
		case kIOUSBCRCErr:
			return "kIOUSBCRCErr";
		case kIOUSBNotSent1Err:
			return "kIOUSBNotSent1Err";
		case kIOUSBNotSent2Err:
			return "kIOUSBNotSent2Err";
		case kIOUSBBufferUnderrunErr:
			return "kIOUSBBufferUnderrunErr";
		case kIOUSBBufferOverrunErr:
			return "kIOUSBBufferOverrunErr";
		case kIOUSBReserved2Err:
			return "kIOUSBReserved2Err";
		case kIOUSBReserved1Err:
			return "kIOUSBReserved1Err";
		case kIOUSBWrongPIDErr:
			return "kIOUSBWrongPIDErr";
		case kIOUSBPIDCheckErr:
			return "kIOUSBPIDCheckErr";
		case kIOUSBDataToggleErr:
			return "kIOUSBDataToggleErr";
		case kIOUSBBitstufErr:
			return "kIOUSBBitstufErr";
    }
    return "Unknown";
}