glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html [plain text]
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Character Set Conversion</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.65.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="GLib Reference Manual"><link rel="up" href="glib-utilities.html" title="GLib Utilities"><link rel="previous" href="glib-String-Utility-Functions.html" title="String Utility Functions"><link rel="next" href="glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html" title="Unicode Manipulation"><link rel="chapter" href="glib.html" title="GLib Overview"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-building.html" title="Compiling the GLib package"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-cross-compiling.html" title="Cross-compiling the GLib package"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-compiling.html" title="Compiling GLib Applications"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-running.html" title="Running GLib Applications"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-changes.html" title="Changes to GLib"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-resources.html" title="Mailing lists and bug reports"><link rel="chapter" href="glib-fundamentals.html" title="GLib Fundamentals"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Basic-Types.html" title="Basic Types"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Limits-of-Basic-Types.html" title="Limits of Basic Types"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html" title="Standard Macros"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Type-Conversion-Macros.html" title="Type Conversion Macros"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Byte-Order-Macros.html" title="Byte Order Macros"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html" title="Numerical Definitions"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Macros.html" title="Miscellaneous Macros"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Atomic-Operations.html" title="Atomic Operations"><link rel="chapter" href="glib-core.html" title="GLib Core Application Support"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html" title="The Main Event Loop"><link rel="refentry" href="glib-Threads.html" title="
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href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#id3121299" title="Description"><link rel="section" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#id3121729" title="Details"><meta name="generator" content="GTK-Doc V1.2 (XML mode)"><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><table class="navigation" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tr valign="middle"><td><a accesskey="p" href="glib-String-Utility-Functions.html"><img src="left.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td><td><a accesskey="u" href="glib-utilities.html"><img src="up.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td><td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td><th width="100%" align="center">GLib Reference Manual</th><td><a accesskey="n" href="glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html"><img src="right.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="glib-Character-Set-Conversion"></a><div class="titlepage"><div></div><div></div></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">Character Set Conversion</span></h2><p>Character Set Conversion — convert strings between different character sets using <tt class="function"><tt class="function">iconv()</tt></tt>.</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
#include <glib.h>
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert">g_convert</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-fallback">g_convert_with_fallback</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *fallback,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
struct <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a>;
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-iconv">g_convert_with_iconv</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
#define <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-CAPS">G_CONVERT_ERROR</a>
<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open">g_iconv_open</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset);
size_t <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv">g_iconv</a> (<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **inbuf,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *inbytes_left,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **outbuf,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *outbytes_left);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint">gint</a> <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-close">g_iconv_close</a> (<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8">g_locale_to_utf8</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *opsysstring,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8">g_filename_to_utf8</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *opsysstring,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8">g_filename_from_utf8</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *utf8string,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-uri">g_filename_from_uri</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *uri,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **hostname,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-uri">g_filename_to_uri</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *filename,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *hostname,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-from-utf8">g_locale_from_utf8</a> (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *utf8string,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);
enum <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError">GConvertError</a>;
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean">gboolean</a> <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-get-charset">g_get_charset</a> (G_CONST_RETURN char **charset);
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id3121299"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>
</p><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="file-name-encodings"></a><h3>File Name Encodings</h3><p>
Historically, Unix has not had a defined encoding for file
names: a file name is valid as long as it does not have path
separators in it ("/"). However, displaying file names may
require conversion: from the character set in which they were
created, to the character set in which the application
operates. Consider the Spanish file name
"<tt class="filename">Presentación.sxi</tt>". If the
application which created it uses ISO-8859-1 for its encoding,
then the actual file name on disk would look like this:
</p><a name="filename-iso8859-1"></a><pre class="programlisting">
Character: P r e s e n t a c i ó n . s x i
Hex code: 50 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 63 69 f3 6e 2e 73 78 69
</pre><p>
However, if the application use UTF-8, the actual file name on
disk would look like this:
</p><a name="filename-utf-8"></a><pre class="programlisting">
Character: P r e s e n t a c i ó n . s x i
Hex code: 50 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 63 69 c3 b3 6e 2e 73 78 69
</pre><p>
Glib uses UTF-8 for its strings, and GUI toolkits like GTK+
that use Glib do the same thing. If you get a file name from
the file system, for example, from
<tt class="function">readdir(3)</tt> or from <tt class="function"><a href="glib-File-Utilities.html#g-dir-read-name"><tt class="function">g_dir_read_name()</tt></a></tt>,
and you wish to display the file name to the user, you
<span class="emphasis"><em>will</em></span> need to convert it into UTF-8. The
opposite case is when the user types the name of a file he
wishes to save: the toolkit will give you that string in
UTF-8 encoding, and you will need to convert it to the
character set used for file names before you can create the
file with <tt class="function">open(2)</tt> or
<tt class="function">fopen(3)</tt>.
</p><p>
By default, Glib assumes that file names on disk are in UTF-8
encoding. This is a valid assumption for file systems which
were created relatively recently: most applications use UTF-8
encoding for their strings, and that is also what they use for
the file names they create. However, older file systems may
still contain file names created in "older" encodings, such as
ISO-8859-1. In this case, for compatibility reasons, you may
want to instruct Glib to use that particular encoding for file
names rather than UTF-8. You can do this by specifying the
encoding for file names in the <a href="glib-running.html#G_FILENAME_ENCODING"><tt class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</tt></a>
environment variable. For example, if your installation uses
ISO-8859-1 for file names, you can put this in your
<tt class="filename">~/.profile</tt>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
export G_FILENAME_ENCODING=ISO-8859-1
</pre><p>
Glib provides the functions <tt class="function"><a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_filename_to_utf8()</tt></a></tt>
and <tt class="function"><a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8"><tt class="function">g_filename_from_utf8()</tt></a></tt>
to perform the necessary conversions. These functions convert
file names from the encoding specified in
<tt class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</tt> to UTF-8 and vice-versa.
<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#file-name-encodings-diagram" title="Figure 1. Conversion between File Name Encodings">Figure 1, “Conversion between File Name Encodings”</a> illustrates how
these functions are used to convert between UTF-8 and the
encoding for file names in the file system.
</p><div class="figure"><a name="file-name-encodings-diagram"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 1. Conversion between File Name Encodings</b></p><div><img src="file-name-encodings.png" alt="Conversion between File Name Encodings"></div></div><div class="refsect3" lang="en"><a name="file-name-encodings-checklist"></a><h4>Checklist for Application Writers</h4><p>
This section is a practical summary of the detailed
description above. You can use this as a checklist of
things to do to make sure your applications process file
name encodings correctly.
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p>
If you get a file name from the file system from a
function such as <tt class="function">readdir(3)</tt> or
<tt class="function"><a
href="../gtk/GtkFileChooser.html#gtk-file-chooser-get-filename"
><tt class="function">gtk_file_chooser_get_filename()</tt></a></tt>,
you do not need to do any conversion to pass that
file name to functions like <tt class="function">open(2)</tt>,
<tt class="function">rename(2)</tt>, or
<tt class="function">fopen(3)</tt> — those are "raw"
file names which the file system understands.
</p></li><li><p>
If you need to display a file name, convert it to UTF-8
first by using <tt class="function"><a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_filename_to_utf8()</tt></a></tt>.
If conversion fails, display a string like
"<tt class="literal">Unknown file name</tt>". <span class="emphasis"><em>Do
not</em></span> convert this string back into the
encoding used for file names if you wish to pass it to
the file system; use the original file name instead.
For example, the document window of a word processor
could display "Unknown file name" in its title bar but
still let the user save the file, as it would keep the
raw file name internally. This can happen if the user
has not set the <tt class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</tt>
environment variable even though he has files whose
names are not encoded in UTF-8.
</p></li><li><p>
If your user interface lets the user type a file name
for saving or renaming, convert it to the encoding used
for file names in the file system by using <tt class="function"><a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8"><tt class="function">g_filename_from_utf8()</tt></a></tt>.
Pass the converted file name to functions like
<tt class="function">fopen(3)</tt>. If conversion fails, ask
the user to enter a different file name. This can
happen if the user types Japanese characters when
<tt class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</tt> is set to
<tt class="literal">ISO-8859-1</tt>, for example.
</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id3121729"></a><h2>Details</h2><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3121735"></a><h3><a name="g-convert"></a>g_convert ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3121745"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_convert (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string from one character set to another.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the string to convert
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>to_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> name of character set into which to convert <i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>from_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> character set of <i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i>.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
<a href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free"><tt class="function">g_free()</tt></a>. Otherwise <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> and <i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> will be set.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122012"></a><h3><a name="g-convert-with-fallback"></a>g_convert_with_fallback ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122023"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_convert_with_fallback (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *fallback,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string from one character set to another, possibly
including fallback sequences for characters not representable
in the output. Note that it is not guaranteed that the specification
for the fallback sequences in <i class="parameter"><tt>fallback</tt></i> will be honored. Some
systems may do a approximate conversion from <i class="parameter"><tt>from_codeset</tt></i>
to <i class="parameter"><tt>to_codeset</tt></i> in their <tt class="function">iconv()</tt> functions,
in which case GLib will simply return that approximate conversion.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the string to convert
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>to_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> name of character set into which to convert <i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>from_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> character set of <i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i>.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>fallback</tt></i> :</span></td><td> UTF-8 string to use in place of character not
present in the target encoding. (This must be
in the target encoding), if <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>, characters
not in the target encoding will be represented
as Unicode escapes \uxxxx or \Uxxxxyyyy.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
<a href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free"><tt class="function">g_free()</tt></a>. Otherwise <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> and <i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> will be set.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122349"></a><h3><a name="GIConv"></a>struct GIConv</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122360"></a><pre class="programlisting">struct GIConv;</pre><p>
The <span class="structname">GIConv</span> struct wraps an
<tt class="function"><tt class="function">iconv()</tt></tt> conversion descriptor. It contains private data
and should only be accessed using the following functions.
</p></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122394"></a><h3><a name="g-convert-with-iconv"></a>g_convert_with_iconv ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122405"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_convert_with_iconv (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *str,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string from one character set to another.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>str</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the string to convert
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>converter</tt></i> :</span></td><td> conversion descriptor from <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open"><tt class="function">g_iconv_open()</tt></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
<a href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free"><tt class="function">g_free()</tt></a>. Otherwise <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> and <i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> will be set.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122655"></a><h3><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-CAPS"></a>G_CONVERT_ERROR</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122667"></a><pre class="programlisting">#define G_CONVERT_ERROR g_convert_error_quark()
</pre><p>
Error domain for character set conversions. Errors in this domain will
be from the <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> enumeration. See <a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> for information on
error domains.
</p></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122700"></a><h3><a name="g-iconv-open"></a>g_iconv_open ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122711"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> g_iconv_open (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *to_codeset,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *from_codeset);</pre><p>
Same as the standard UNIX routine <tt class="function">iconv_open()</tt>, but
may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
a native implementation.
</p><p>
GLib provides <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert"><tt class="function">g_convert()</tt></a> and <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</tt></a> which are likely
more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>to_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> destination codeset
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>from_codeset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> source codeset
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> a "conversion descriptor", or (GIConv)-1 if
opening the converter failed.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3122833"></a><h3><a name="g-iconv"></a>g_iconv ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3122844"></a><pre class="programlisting">size_t g_iconv (<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **inbuf,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *inbytes_left,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **outbuf,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *outbytes_left);</pre><p>
Same as the standard UNIX routine <tt class="function">iconv()</tt>, but
may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
a native implementation.
</p><p>
GLib provides <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert"><tt class="function">g_convert()</tt></a> and <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</tt></a> which are likely
more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>converter</tt></i> :</span></td><td> conversion descriptor from <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open"><tt class="function">g_iconv_open()</tt></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>inbuf</tt></i> :</span></td><td> bytes to convert
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>inbytes_left</tt></i> :</span></td><td> inout parameter, bytes remaining to convert in <i class="parameter"><tt>inbuf</tt></i>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>outbuf</tt></i> :</span></td><td> converted output bytes
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>outbytes_left</tt></i> :</span></td><td> inout parameter, bytes available to fill in <i class="parameter"><tt>outbuf</tt></i>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> count of non-reversible conversions, or -1 on error
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123052"></a><h3><a name="g-iconv-close"></a>g_iconv_close ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123063"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint">gint</a> g_iconv_close (<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv">GIConv</a> converter);</pre><p>
Same as the standard UNIX routine <tt class="function">iconv_close()</tt>, but
may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
a native implementation. Should be called to clean up
the conversion descriptor from <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open"><tt class="function">g_iconv_open()</tt></a> when
you are done converting things.
</p><p>
GLib provides <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert"><tt class="function">g_convert()</tt></a> and <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</tt></a> which are likely
more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>converter</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a conversion descriptor from <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open"><tt class="function">g_iconv_open()</tt></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> -1 on error, 0 on success
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123185"></a><h3><a name="g-locale-to-utf8"></a>g_locale_to_utf8 ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123196"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_locale_to_utf8 (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *opsysstring,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string which is in the encoding used for strings by
the C runtime (usually the same as that used by the operating
system) in the current locale into a UTF-8 string.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>opsysstring</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a string in the encoding of the current locale
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
nul-terminated.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> The converted string, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123400"></a><h3><a name="g-filename-to-utf8"></a>g_filename_to_utf8 ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123411"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_filename_to_utf8 (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *opsysstring,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string which is in the encoding used for filenames
into a UTF-8 string.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>opsysstring</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a string in the encoding for filenames
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
nul-terminated.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> The converted string, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123611"></a><h3><a name="g-filename-from-utf8"></a>g_filename_from_utf8 ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123623"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_filename_from_utf8 (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *utf8string,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string from UTF-8 to the encoding used for filenames.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>utf8string</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a UTF-8 encoded string.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
nul-terminated.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> The converted string, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123823"></a><h3><a name="g-filename-from-uri"></a>g_filename_from_uri ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123835"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_filename_from_uri (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *uri,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> **hostname,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts an escaped ASCII-encoded URI to a local filename in the
encoding used for filenames.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>uri</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a uri describing a filename (escaped, encoded in ASCII).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>hostname</tt></i> :</span></td><td> Location to store hostname for the URI, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
If there is no hostname in the URI, <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> will be
stored in this location.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> a newly-allocated string holding the resulting
filename, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3123976"></a><h3><a name="g-filename-to-uri"></a>g_filename_to_uri ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3123987"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_filename_to_uri (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *filename,
const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *hostname,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts an absolute filename to an escaped ASCII-encoded URI.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>filename</tt></i> :</span></td><td> an absolute filename specified in the encoding
used for filenames by the operating system.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>hostname</tt></i> :</span></td><td> A UTF-8 encoded hostname, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> for none.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> a newly-allocated string holding the resulting
URI, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3124122"></a><h3><a name="g-locale-from-utf8"></a>g_locale_from_utf8 ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3124133"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a>* g_locale_from_utf8 (const <a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar">gchar</a> *utf8string,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize">gssize</a> len,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_read,
<a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize">gsize</a> *bytes_written,
<a href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError">GError</a> **error);</pre><p>
Converts a string from UTF-8 to the encoding used for strings by
the C runtime (usually the same as that used by the operating
system) in the current locale.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>utf8string</tt></i> :</span></td><td> a UTF-8 encoded string
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
nul-terminated.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_read</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the number of bytes in the
input string that were successfully converted, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt>.
Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
less than <i class="parameter"><tt>len</tt></i> if there were partial characters
at the end of the input. If the error
<span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span> occurs, the value
stored will the byte offset after the last valid
input sequence.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>bytes_written</tt></i> :</span></td><td> the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
including the terminating nul).
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>error</tt></i> :</span></td><td> location to store the error occuring, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> to ignore
errors. Any of the errors in <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> The converted string, or <tt class="literal">NULL</tt> on an error.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3124335"></a><h3><a name="GConvertError"></a>enum GConvertError</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3124346"></a><pre class="programlisting">typedef enum
{
G_CONVERT_ERROR_NO_CONVERSION,
G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE,
G_CONVERT_ERROR_FAILED,
G_CONVERT_ERROR_PARTIAL_INPUT,
G_CONVERT_ERROR_BAD_URI,
G_CONVERT_ERROR_NOT_ABSOLUTE_PATH
} GConvertError;
</pre><p>
Error codes returned by character set conversion routines.
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_NO_CONVERSION</tt></span></td><td>Conversion between the requested character sets
is not supported.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</tt></span></td><td>Invalid byte sequence in conversion input.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_FAILED</tt></span></td><td>Conversion failed for some reason.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_PARTIAL_INPUT</tt></span></td><td>Partial character sequence at end of input.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_BAD_URI</tt></span></td><td>URI is invalid.
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><tt class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_NOT_ABSOLUTE_PATH</tt></span></td><td>Pathname is not an absolute path.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3124462"></a><h3><a name="g-get-charset"></a>g_get_charset ()</h3><a class="indexterm" name="id3124473"></a><pre class="programlisting"><a href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean">gboolean</a> g_get_charset (G_CONST_RETURN char **charset);</pre><p>
Obtains the character set for the current locale; you might use
this character set as an argument to <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert"><tt class="function">g_convert()</tt></a>, to convert from
the current locale's encoding to some other encoding. (Frequently
<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8"><tt class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</tt></a> and <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-from-utf8"><tt class="function">g_locale_from_utf8()</tt></a> are nice shortcuts,
though.)
</p><p>
The return value is <tt class="literal">TRUE</tt> if the locale's encoding is UTF-8, in that
case you can perhaps avoid calling <a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert"><tt class="function">g_convert()</tt></a>.
</p><p>
The string returned in <i class="parameter"><tt>charset</tt></i> is not allocated, and should not be
freed.</p><p>
</p><div class="variablelist"><table border="0"><col align="left" valign="top"><tbody><tr><td><span class="term"><i class="parameter"><tt>charset</tt></i> :</span></td><td> return location for character set name
</td></tr><tr><td><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></td><td> <tt class="literal">TRUE</tt> if the returned charset is UTF-8
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><table class="navigation" width="100%" summary="Navigation footer" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="middle"><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="glib-String-Utility-Functions.html"><b><< String Utility Functions</b></a></td><td align="right"><a accesskey="n" href="glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html"><b>Unicode Manipulation >></b></a></td></tr></table></body></html>