<!--$Id: db_associate.html,v 1.1 2003/02/15 04:55:50 zarzycki Exp $--> <!--Copyright 1997-2002 by Sleepycat Software, Inc.--> <!--All rights reserved.--> <!--See the file LICENSE for redistribution information.--> <html> <head> <title>Berkeley DB: Db.associate</title> <meta name="description" content="Berkeley DB: An embedded database programmatic toolkit."> <meta name="keywords" content="embedded,database,programmatic,toolkit,b+tree,btree,hash,hashing,transaction,transactions,locking,logging,access method,access methods,java,C,C++"> </head> <body bgcolor=white> <a name="2"><!--meow--></a> <table width="100%"><tr valign=top> <td> <h1>Db.associate</h1> </td> <td align=right> <a href="../api_java/c_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../reftoc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a> </td></tr></table> <hr size=1 noshade> <tt> <h3><pre> import com.sleepycat.db.*; <p> public interface DbSecondaryKeyCreate { public int secondary_key_create(DbTxn txnid, Db secondary, Dbt key, Dbt data, Dbt result) throws DbException; } public class Db { ... public void associate(Db secondary, DbSecondaryKeyCreate secondary_key_create, int flags) throws DbException; ... } </pre></h3> <h1>Description</h1> <p>The Db.associate function is used to declare one database a secondary index for a primary database. After a secondary database has been "associated" with a primary database, all updates to the primary will be automatically reflected in the secondary and all reads from the secondary will return corresponding data from the primary. Note that as primary keys must be unique for secondary indices to work, the primary database must be configured without support for duplicate data items. See <a href="../ref/am/second.html">Secondary indices</a> for more information. <p>The associate method called should be a method off a database handle for the primary database that is to be indexed. The <b>secondary</b> argument should be an open database handle of either a newly created and empty database that is to be used to store a secondary index, or of a database that was previously associated with the same primary and contains a secondary index. Note that it is not safe to associate as a secondary database a handle that is in use by another thread of control or has open cursors. If the handle was opened with the <a href="../api_java/env_open.html#DB_THREAD">Db.DB_THREAD</a> flag it is safe to use it in multiple threads of control after the Db.associate method has returned. Note also that either secondary keys must be unique or the secondary database must be configured with support for duplicate data items. <p>If the operation is to be transaction-protected (other than by specifying the Db.DB_AUTO_COMMIT flag), the <b>txnid</b> parameter is a transaction handle returned from <a href="../api_java/txn_begin.html">DbEnv.txn_begin</a>; otherwise, null. <p>The <b>callback</b> argument should refer to a callback function that creates a secondary key from a given primary key and data pair. When called, the first argument will be the secondary <a href="../api_java/db_class.html">Db</a> handle; the second and third arguments will be <a href="../api_java/dbt_class.html">Dbt</a>s containing a primary key and datum respectively; and the fourth argument will be a zeroed DBT in which the callback function should fill in <b>data</b> and <b>size</b> fields that describe the secondary key. <a name="3"><!--meow--></a> <a name="4"><!--meow--></a> <p>If any key/data pair in the primary yields a null secondary key and should be left out of the secondary index, the callback function may optionally return Db.DB_DONOTINDEX. Otherwise, the callback function should return 0 in case of success or any other integer error code in case of failure; the error code will be returned from the Berkeley DB interface call that initiated the callback. Note that if the callback function returns Db.DB_DONOTINDEX for any key/data pairs in the primary database, the secondary index will not contain any reference to those key/data pairs, and such operations as cursor iterations and range queries will reflect only the corresponding subset of the database. If this is not desirable, the application should ensure that the callback function is well-defined for all possible values and never returns Db.DB_DONOTINDEX. <p>The callback argument may be NULL if and only if both the primary and secondary database handles were opened with the <a href="../api_java/db_open.html#DB_RDONLY">Db.DB_RDONLY</a> flag. <p>The <b>flags</b> value must be set to 0 or the following value: <p><dl compact> <p><dt><a name="Db.DB_CREATE">Db.DB_CREATE</a><dd>If the secondary database is empty, walk through the primary and create an index to it in the empty secondary. This operation is potentially very expensive. <p>If the secondary database has been opened in an environment configured with transactions, each put necessary for its creation will be done in the context of a transaction created for the purpose. <p>Care should be taken not to use a newly-populated secondary database in another thread of control until the Db.associate call has returned successfully in the first thread. <p>If transactions are not being used, care should be taken not to modify a primary database being used to populate a secondary database, in another thread of control, until the Db.associate call has returned successfully in the first thread. If transactions are being used, Berkeley DB will perform appropriate locking and the application need not do any special operation ordering. </dl> <p>In addition, the following flag may be set by bitwise inclusively <b>OR</b>'ing it into the <b>flags</b> parameter: <p><dl compact> <p><dt><a name="Db.DB_AUTO_COMMIT">Db.DB_AUTO_COMMIT</a><dd>Enclose the Db.associate call within a transaction. If the call succeeds, changes made by the operation will be recoverable. If the call fails, the operation will have made no changes. </dl> <p>The Db.associate method throws an exception that encapsulates a non-zero error value on failure. <h1>Errors</h1> <p>The Db.associate method may fail and throw an exception encapsulating a non-zero error for the following conditions: <p><dl compact> <p><dt>EINVAL<dd>An invalid flag value or parameter was specified. <p>The secondary database handle has already been associated with this or another database handle. <p>The secondary database handle is not open. <p>The primary database has been configured to allow duplicates. </dl> <p>The Db.associate method may fail and throw an exception for errors specified for other Berkeley DB and C library or system methods. If a catastrophic error has occurred, the Db.associate method may fail and throw a <a href="../api_java/runrec_class.html">DbRunRecoveryException</a>, in which case all subsequent Berkeley DB calls will fail in the same way. <h1>Class</h1> <a href="../api_java/db_class.html">Db</a> <h1>See Also</h1> <a href="../api_java/db_list.html">Databases and Related Methods</a> </tt> <table width="100%"><tr><td><br></td><td align=right> <a href="../api_java/c_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../reftoc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a> </td></tr></table> <p><font size=1><a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">Copyright Sleepycat Software</a></font> </body> </html>