upgrading-to-3.0.xml [plain text]
<chapter id="upgrading-to-3.0">
<chapterinfo>
&author.jelmer;
&author.jht;
&author.jerry;
<pubdate>June 30, 2003</pubdate>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.0</title>
<sect1>
<title>New Features in Samba-3</title>
<para>
Major new features:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
Active Directory support. This release is able to join a ADS realm
as a member server and authenticate users using LDAP/kerberos.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Unicode support. Samba will now negotiate UNICODE on the wire and
internally there is now a much better infrastructure for multi-byte
and UNICODE character sets.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
New authentication system. The internal authentication system has
been almost completely rewritten. Most of the changes are internal,
but the new auth system is also very configurable.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
New filename mangling system. The filename mangling system has been
completely rewritten. An internal database now stores mangling maps
persistently. This needs lots of testing.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
New "net" command. A new "net" command has been added. It is
somewhat similar to the "net" command in windows. Eventually we
plan to replace a bunch of other utilities (such as smbpasswd)
with subcommands in "net", at the moment only a few things are
implemented.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Samba now negotiates NT-style status32 codes on the wire. This
improves error handling a lot.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Better Windows 2000/XP/2003 printing support including publishing
printer attributes in active directory
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
New loadable RPC modules
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
New dual-daemon winbindd support (-B) for better performance
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Support for migrating from a Windows NT 4.0 domain to a Samba
domain and maintaining user, group and domain SIDs
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Support for establishing trust relationships with Windows NT 4.0
domain controllers
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Initial support for a distributed Winbind architecture using
an LDAP directory for storing SID to uid/gid mappings
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Major updates to the Samba documentation tree.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
Plus lots of other improvements!
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Configuration Parameter Changes</title>
<para>
This section contains a brief listing of changes to smb.conf options
in the 3.0.0 release. Please refer to the smb.conf(5) man page for
complete descriptions of new or modified parameters.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Removed Parameters</title>
<para>(order alphabetically):</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>admin log </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>alternate permissions </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>character set </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>client codepage </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>code page directory </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>coding system </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>domain admin group </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>domain guest group </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>force unknown acl user </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>nt smb support </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>post script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>printer driver </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>printer driver file </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>printer driver location </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>status </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>total print jobs </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>use rhosts </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>valid chars </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>vfs options </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>New Parameters</title>
<para>(new parameters have been grouped by function):</para>
<para>Remote management</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>abort shutdown script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>shutdown script </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>User and Group Account Management</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>add group script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>add machine script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>add user to group script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>algorithmic rid base </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>delete group script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>delete user from group script </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>passdb backend </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>set primary group script </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Authentication</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>auth methods </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ads server </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>realm </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Protocol Options</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>client lanman auth </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>client NTLMv2 auth </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>client schannel </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>client signing </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>client use spnego </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>disable netbios </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ntlm auth </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>paranoid server security </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>server schannel </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>smb ports </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>use spnego </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>File Service</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>get quota command </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>hide special files </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>hide unwriteable files </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>hostname lookups </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>kernel change notify </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>mangle prefix </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>msdfs proxy </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>set quota command </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>use sendfile </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>vfs objects </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Printing</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>max reported print jobs </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>UNICODE and Character Sets</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>display charset </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>dos charset </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>unicode </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>unix charset </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>SID to uid/gid Mappings</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>idmap backend </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>idmap gid </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>idmap only </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>idmap uid </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>LDAP</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ldap delete dn </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap group suffix </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap idmap suffix </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap machine suffix </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap passwd sync </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap trust ids </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap user suffix </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>General Configuration</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>preload modules </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>privatedir </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Modified Parameters (changes in behavior):</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>encrypt passwords (enabled by default) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>mangling method (set to 'hash2' by default) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>passwd chat </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>passwd program </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>restrict anonymous (integer value) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>security (new 'ads' value) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>strict locking (enabled by default) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>winbind cache time (increased to 5 minutes) </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>winbind uid (deprecated in favor of 'idmap uid') </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>winbind gid (deprecated in favor of 'idmap gid') </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>New Functionality</title>
<sect2>
<title>Databases</title>
<para>
This section contains brief descriptions of any new databases
introduced in Samba 3.0. Please remember to backup your existing
${lock directory}/*tdb before upgrading to Samba 3.0. Samba will
upgrade databases as they are opened (if necessary), but downgrading
from 3.0 to 2.2 is an unsupported path.
</para>
<table frame='all'><title>TDB File Descriptions</title>
<tgroup cols='3'>
<colspec align="left"/>
<colspec align="justify"/>
<colspec align="left"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Name</entry>
<entry align="justify">Description</entry>
<entry align="center">Backup?</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>account_policy</entry>
<entry>User policy settings</entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>gencache</entry>
<entry>Generic caching db</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>group_mapping</entry>
<entry><para>Mapping table from Windows groups/SID to unix groups</para></entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>idmap</entry>
<entry><para>new ID map table from SIDS to UNIX uids/gids</para></entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>namecache</entry>
<entry>Name resolution cache entries</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>netlogon_unigrp</entry>
<entry><para>Cache of universal group membership obtained when operating
as a member of a Windows domain</para></entry>
<entry>no</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>printing/*.tdb</entry>
<entry><para>Cached output from 'lpq command' created on a per print
service basis</para></entry>
<entry>no</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>registry</entry>
<entry><para>Read-only samba registry skeleton that provides support for
exporting various db tables via the winreg RPCs</para></entry>
<entry>no</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes in Behavior</title>
<para>
The following issues are known changes in behavior between Samba 2.2 and
Samba 3.0 that may affect certain installations of Samba.
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
When operating as a member of a Windows domain, Samba 2.2 would
map any users authenticated by the remote DC to the 'guest account'
if a uid could not be obtained via the getpwnam() call. Samba 3.0
rejects the connection as NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE. There is no
current work around to re-establish the 2.2 behavior.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
When adding machines to a Samba 2.2 controlled domain, the
'add user script' was used to create the UNIX identity of the
machine trust account. Samba 3.0 introduces a new 'add machine
script' that must be specified for this purpose. Samba 3.0 will
not fall back to using the 'add user script' in the absence of
an 'add machine script'
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Charsets</title>
<para>
You might experience problems with special characters when communicating with old DOS
clients. Codepage support has changed in samba 3.0. Read the chapter
<link linkend="unicode">Unicode support</link> for details.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Passdb Backends and Authentication</title>
<para>
There have been a few new changes that Samba administrators should be
aware of when moving to Samba 3.0.
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
Encrypted passwords have been enabled by default in order to
inter-operate better with out-of-the-box Windows client
installations. This does mean that either (a) a samba account
must be created for each user, or (b) 'encrypt passwords = no'
must be explicitly defined in smb.conf.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Inclusion of new <smbconfoption><name>security</name><value>ads</value></smbconfoption> option for integration
with an Active Directory domain using the native Windows
Kerberos 5 and LDAP protocols.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
Samba 3.0 also includes the possibility of setting up chains
of authentication methods
(<smbconfoption><name>auth methods</name></smbconfoption>) and account
storage backends
(<smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name></smbconfoption>).
Please refer to the &smb.conf;
man page and <link linkend="passdb">the chapter about account information databases</link> for details. While both parameters assume sane default
values, it is likely that you will need to understand what the
values actually mean in order to ensure Samba operates correctly.
</para>
<para>
Certain functions of the smbpasswd(8) tool have been split between the
new smbpasswd(8) utility, the net(8) tool, and the new pdbedit(8)
utility. See the respective man pages for details.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Charsets</title>
<para>
You might experience problems with special characters when communicating with old DOS
clients. Codepage support has changed in samba 3.0. Read the chapter
<link linkend="unicode">Unicode support</link> for details.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>LDAP</title>
<para>
This section outlines the new features affecting Samba / LDAP integration.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>New Schema</title>
<para>
A new object class (sambaSamAccount) has been introduced to replace
the old sambaAccount. This change aids us in the renaming of attributes
to prevent clashes with attributes from other vendors. There is a
conversion script (examples/LDAP/convertSambaAccount) to modify and LDIF
file to the new schema.
</para>
<para>
Example:
</para>
<para><screen>
&prompt;ldapsearch .... -b "ou=people,dc=..." > old.ldif
&prompt;convertSambaAccount <DOM SID> old.ldif new.ldif
</screen></para>
<para>
The <DOM SID> can be obtained by running 'net getlocalsid <DOMAINNAME>
on the Samba PDC as root.
</para>
<para>
The old sambaAccount schema may still be used by specifying the
"ldapsam_compat" passdb backend. However, the sambaAccount and
associated attributes have been moved to the historical section of
the schema file and must be uncommented before use if needed.
The 2.2 object class declaration for a sambaAccount has not changed
in the 3.0 samba.schema file.
</para>
<para>
Other new object classes and their uses include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
sambaDomain - domain information used to allocate rids
for users and groups as necessary. The attributes are added
in 'ldap suffix' directory entry automatically if
an idmap uid/gid range has been set and the 'ldapsam'
passdb backend has been selected.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
sambaGroupMapping - an object representing the
relationship between a posixGroup and a Windows
group/SID. These entries are stored in the 'ldap
group suffix' and managed by the 'net groupmap' command.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
sambaUnixIdPool - created in the 'ldap idmap suffix' entry
automatically and contains the next available 'idmap uid' and
'idmap gid'
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
sambaIdmapEntry - object storing a mapping between a
SID and a UNIX uid/gid. These objects are created by the
idmap_ldap module as needed.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>New Suffix for Searching</title>
<para>
The following new smb.conf parameters have been added to aid in directing
certain LDAP queries when 'passdb backend = ldapsam://...' has been
specified.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ldap suffix - used to search for user and computer accounts</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap user suffix - used to store user accounts</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap machine suffix - used to store machine trust accounts</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap group suffix - location of posixGroup/sambaGroupMapping entries</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ldap idmap suffix - location of sambaIdmapEntry objects</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If an 'ldap suffix' is defined, it will be appended to all of the
remaining sub-suffix parameters. In this case, the order of the suffix
listings in smb.conf is important. Always place the 'ldap suffix' first
in the list.
</para>
<para>
Due to a limitation in Samba's smb.conf parsing, you should not surround
the DN's with quotation marks.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>IdMap LDAP support</title>
<para>
Samba 3.0 supports an ldap backend for the idmap subsystem. The
following options would inform Samba that the idmap table should be
stored on the directory server onterose in the "ou=idmap,dc=plainjoe,
dc=org" partition.
</para>
<smbconfblock>
<smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection>
<member>...</member>
<smbconfoption><name>idmap backend</name><value>ldap:ldap://onterose/</value></smbconfoption>
<smbconfoption><name>ldap idmap suffix</name><value>ou=idmap,dc=plainjoe,dc=org</value></smbconfoption>
<smbconfoption><name>idmap uid</name><value>40000-50000</value></smbconfoption>
<smbconfoption><name>idmap gid</name><value>40000-50000</value></smbconfoption>
</smbconfblock>
<para>
This configuration allows winbind installations on multiple servers to
share a uid/gid number space, thus avoiding the interoperability problems
with NFS that were present in Samba 2.2.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>