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<TITLE>curs_addch 3x</TITLE><link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<H1>curs_addch 3x</H1>
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<PRE>
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</PRE>
<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
<STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>echochar</STRONG>, <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> -
add a character (with attributes) to a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> window, then
advance the cursor
</PRE>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>addch(chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>waddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvaddch(int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwaddch(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>y,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>x,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echochar(chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wechochar(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>ch);</STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
The <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>waddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG> and <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG> routines put the
character <EM>ch</EM> into the given window at its current window
position, which is then advanced. They are analogous to
<STRONG>putchar</STRONG> in <STRONG><A HREF="stdio.3.html">stdio(3)</A></STRONG>. If the advance is at the right mar-
gin, the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of
the next line. At the bottom of the current scrolling
region, if <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> is enabled, the scrolling region is
scrolled up one line.
If <EM>ch</EM> is a tab, newline, or backspace, the cursor is moved
appropriately within the window. Backspace moves the cur-
sor one character left; at the left edge of a window it
does nothing. Newline does a <STRONG>clrtoeol</STRONG>, then moves the
cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
scrolling the window if on the last line). Tabs are con-
sidered to be at every eighth column.
If <EM>ch</EM> is any control character other than tab, newline, or
backspace, it is drawn in <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation. Calling <STRONG>winch</STRONG>
after adding a control character does not return the char-
acter itself, but instead returns the ^-representation of
the control character.
Video attributes can be combined with a character argument
passed to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> or related functions by logical-ORing them
into the character. (Thus, text, including attributes,
can be copied from one place to another using <STRONG>inch</STRONG> and
<STRONG>addch</STRONG>.). See the <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG> page for values of prede-
fined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
into characters.
The <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> and <STRONG>wechochar</STRONG> routines are equivalent to a
call to <STRONG>addch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, or a call to
<STRONG>waddch</STRONG> followed by a call to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>. The knowledge that
only a single character is being output is used and, for
non-control characters, a considerable performance gain
may be seen by using these routines instead of their
equivalents.
<STRONG>Line</STRONG> <STRONG>Graphics</STRONG>
The following variables may be used to add line drawing
characters to the screen with routines of the <STRONG>addch</STRONG> fam-
ily. The default character listed below is used if the
<STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capability doesn't define a terminal-specific
replacement for it (but see the EXTENSIONS section below).
The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
<EM>Name</EM> <EM>Default</EM> <EM>Description</EM>
--------------------------------------------------
ACS_BLOCK # solid square block
ACS_BOARD # board of squares
ACS_BTEE + bottom tee
ACS_BULLET o bullet
ACS_CKBOARD : checker board (stipple)
ACS_DARROW v arrow pointing down
ACS_DEGREE ' degree symbol
ACS_DIAMOND + diamond
ACS_GEQUAL > greater-than-or-equal-to
ACS_HLINE - horizontal line
ACS_LANTERN # lantern symbol
ACS_LARROW < arrow pointing left
ACS_LEQUAL < less-than-or-equal-to
ACS_LLCORNER + lower left-hand corner
ACS_LRCORNER + lower right-hand corner
ACS_LTEE + left tee
ACS_NEQUAL ! not-equal
ACS_PI * greek pi
ACS_PLMINUS # plus/minus
ACS_PLUS + plus
ACS_RARROW > arrow pointing right
ACS_RTEE + right tee
ACS_S1 - scan line 1
ACS_S3 - scan line 3
ACS_S7 - scan line 7
ACS_S9 _ scan line 9
ACS_STERLING f pound-sterling symbol
ACS_TTEE + top tee
ACS_UARROW ^ arrow pointing up
ACS_ULCORNER + upper left-hand corner
ACS_URCORNER + upper right-hand corner
ACS_VLINE | vertical line
</PRE>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on
success (the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value
other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless other-
wise noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
</PRE>
<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
Note that <STRONG>addch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvaddch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwaddch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echochar</STRONG> may be
macros.
</PRE>
<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
All these functions are described in the XSI Curses stan-
dard, Issue 4. The defaults specified for forms-drawing
characters apply in the POSIX locale.
Some ACS symbols (ACS_S3, ACS_S7, ACS_LEQUAL, ACS_GEQUAL,
ACS_PI, ACS_NEQUAL, ACS_STERLING) were not documented in
any publicly released System V. However, many publicly
available terminfos include <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> strings in which their
key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a second-hand
list of their character descriptions has come to light.
The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inch.3x.html">curs_inch(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="putc.3S.html">putc(3S)</A></STRONG>.
</PRE>
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