<!-- - Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. - - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. - - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. --> <!-- $Id: named.html,v 1.4.2.1.4.13 2006/06/29 13:02:30 marka Exp $ --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>named</title> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"> <a name="id2482688"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2>Name</h2> <p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p> </div> <div class="refsynopsisdiv"> <h2>Synopsis</h2> <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2549491"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> <p> <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. </p> <p> When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will read the default configuration file <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial data, and listen for queries. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2549516"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> <div class="variablelist"><dl> <dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt> <dd><p> Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually exclusive. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt> <dd><p> Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually exclusive. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the configuration file instead of the default, <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To ensure that reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due to to a possible <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be an absolute pathname. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>. Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become more verbose as the debug level increases. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt> <dd><p> Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt> <dd><p> Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to <code class="filename">stderr</code>. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not specified, the default is port 53. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt> <dd> <p> Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit. </p> <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <h3 class="title">Note</h3> <p> This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release. </p> </div> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> <code class="function">chroot()</code> to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file. </p> <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <h3 class="title">Warning</h3> <p> This option should be used in conjunction with the <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way <code class="function">chroot()</code> is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail. </p> </div> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> <code class="function">setuid()</code> to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports. </p> <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <h3 class="title">Note</h3> <p> On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to <code class="function">bind()</code> to a privileged port and set process resource limits. Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code> option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after <code class="function">setuid()</code>. </p> </div> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt> <dd><p> Report the version number and exit. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the cache of the default view. </p> <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <h3 class="title">Warning</h3> <p> This option must not be used. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release. </p> </div> </dd> </dl></div> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2550002"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2> <p> In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used instead. </p> <div class="variablelist"><dl> <dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt> <dd><p> Force a reload of the server. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt> <dd><p> Shut down the server. </p></dd> </dl></div> <p> The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2550049"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2> <p> The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2550066"></a><h2>FILES</h2> <div class="variablelist"><dl> <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt> <dd><p> The default configuration file. </p></dd> <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt> <dd><p> The default process-id file. </p></dd> </dl></div> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2550105"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> <p> <em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>, <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> <a name="id2550157"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2> <p> <span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span> </p> </div> </div></body> </html>