require 5;
package HTML::Tagset; use strict;
use vars qw(
$VERSION
%emptyElement %optionalEndTag %linkElements %boolean_attr
%isHeadElement %isBodyElement %isPhraseMarkup
%is_Possible_Strict_P_Content
%isHeadOrBodyElement
%isList %isTableElement %isFormElement
%isKnown %canTighten
@p_closure_barriers
%isCDATA_Parent
);
$VERSION = '3.03';
=head1 NAME
HTML::Tagset - data tables useful in parsing HTML
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use HTML::Tagset;
# Then use any of the items in the HTML::Tagset package
# as need arises
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module contains several data tables useful in various kinds of
HTML parsing operations.
Note that all tag names used are lowercase.
In the following documentation, a "hashset" is a hash being used as a
set -- the hash conveys that its keys are there, and the actual values
associated with the keys are not significant. (But what values are
there, are always true.)
=over
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::emptyElement
This hashset has as values the tag-names (GIs) of elements that cannot
have content. (For example, "base", "br", "hr".) So
C<$HTML::Tagset::emptyElement{'hr'}> exists and is true.
C<$HTML::Tagset::emptyElement{'dl'}> does not exist, and so is not true.
=cut
%emptyElement = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(base link meta isindex
img br hr wbr
input area param
embed bgsound spacer
basefont col frame
~comment ~literal
~declaration ~pi
);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::optionalEndTag
This hashset lists tag-names for elements that can have content, but whose
end-tags are generally, "safely", omissible. Example:
C<$HTML::Tagset::emptyElement{'li'}> exists and is true.
=cut
%optionalEndTag = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(p li dt dd);
=item hash %HTML::Tagset::linkElements
Values in this hash are tagnames for elements that might contain
links, and the value for each is a reference to an array of the names
of attributes whose values can be links.
=cut
%linkElements =
(
'a' => ['href'],
'applet' => ['archive', 'codebase', 'code'],
'area' => ['href'],
'base' => ['href'],
'bgsound' => ['src'],
'blockquote' => ['cite'],
'body' => ['background'],
'del' => ['cite'],
'embed' => ['pluginspage', 'src'],
'form' => ['action'],
'frame' => ['src', 'longdesc'],
'iframe' => ['src', 'longdesc'],
'ilayer' => ['background'],
'img' => ['src', 'lowsrc', 'longdesc', 'usemap'],
'input' => ['src', 'usemap'],
'ins' => ['cite'],
'isindex' => ['action'],
'head' => ['profile'],
'layer' => ['background', 'src'],
'link' => ['href'],
'object' => ['classid', 'codebase', 'data', 'archive', 'usemap'],
'q' => ['cite'],
'script' => ['src', 'for'],
'table' => ['background'],
'td' => ['background'],
'th' => ['background'],
'tr' => ['background'],
'xmp' => ['href'],
);
=item hash %HTML::Tagset::boolean_attr
This hash (not hashset) lists what attributes of what elements can be
printed without showing the value (for example, the "noshade" attribute
of "hr" elements). For elements with only one such attribute, its value
is simply that attribute name. For elements with many such attributes,
the value is a reference to a hashset containing all such attributes.
=cut
%boolean_attr = (
'area' => 'nohref',
'dir' => 'compact',
'dl' => 'compact',
'hr' => 'noshade',
'img' => 'ismap',
'input' => { 'checked' => 1, 'readonly' => 1, 'disabled' => 1 },
'menu' => 'compact',
'ol' => 'compact',
'option' => 'selected',
'select' => 'multiple',
'td' => 'nowrap',
'th' => 'nowrap',
'ul' => 'compact',
);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isPhraseMarkup
This hashset contains all phrasal-level elements.
=cut
%isPhraseMarkup = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(
span abbr acronym q sub sup
cite code em kbd samp strong var dfn strike
b i u s tt small big
a img br
wbr nobr blink
font basefont bdo
spacer embed noembed
);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::is_Possible_Strict_P_Content
This hashset contains all phrasal-level elements that be content of a
P element, for a strict model of HTML.
=cut
%is_Possible_Strict_P_Content = (
%isPhraseMarkup,
%isFormElement,
map {; $_ => 1} qw( object script map )
);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isHeadElement
This hashset contains all elements that elements that should be
present only in the 'head' element of an HTML document.
=cut
%isHeadElement = map {; $_ => 1 }
qw(title base link meta isindex script style object bgsound);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isList
This hashset contains all elements that can contain "li" elements.
=cut
%isList = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(ul ol dir menu);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isTableElement
This hashset contains all elements that are to be found only in/under
a "table" element.
=cut
%isTableElement = map {; $_ => 1 }
qw(tr td th thead tbody tfoot caption col colgroup);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isFormElement
This hashset contains all elements that are to be found only in/under
a "form" element.
=cut
%isFormElement = map {; $_ => 1 }
qw(input select option optgroup textarea button label);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isBodyMarkup
This hashset contains all elements that are to be found only in/under
the "body" element of an HTML document.
=cut
%isBodyElement = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6
p div pre plaintext address blockquote
xmp listing
center
multicol
iframe ilayer nolayer
bgsound
hr
ol ul dir menu li
dl dt dd
ins del
fieldset legend
map area
applet param object
isindex script noscript
table
center
form
),
keys %isFormElement,
keys %isPhraseMarkup, keys %isTableElement,
;
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isHeadOrBodyElement
This hashset includes all elements that I notice can fall either in
the head or in the body.
=cut
%isHeadOrBodyElement = map {; $_ => 1 }
qw(script isindex style object map area param noscript bgsound);
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::isKnown
This hashset lists all known HTML elements.
=cut
%isKnown = (%isHeadElement, %isBodyElement,
map{; $_=>1 }
qw( head body html
frame frameset noframes
~comment ~pi ~directive ~literal
));
=item hashset %HTML::Tagset::canTighten
This hashset lists elements that might have ignorable whitespace as
children or siblings.
=cut
%canTighten = %isKnown;
delete @canTighten{
keys(%isPhraseMarkup), 'input', 'select',
'xmp', 'listing', 'plaintext', 'pre',
};
@canTighten{'hr','br'} = (1,1);
=item array @HTML::Tagset::p_closure_barriers
This array has a meaning that I have only seen a need for in
C<HTML::TreeBuilder>, but I include it here on the off chance that someone
might find it of use:
When we see a "E<lt>pE<gt>" token, we go lookup up the lineage for a p
element we might have to minimize. At first sight, we might say that
if there's a p anywhere in the lineage of this new p, it should be
closed. But that's wrong. Consider this document:
<html>
<head>
<title>foo</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>foo
<table>
<tr>
<td>
foo
<p>bar
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</body>
</html>
The second p is quite legally inside a much higher p.
My formalization of the reason why this is legal, but this:
<p>foo<p>bar</p></p>
isn't, is that something about the table constitutes a "barrier" to
the application of the rule about what p must minimize.
So C<@HTML::Tagset::p_closure_barriers> is the list of all such
barrier-tags.
=cut
@p_closure_barriers = qw(
li blockquote
ul ol menu dir
dl dt dd
td th tr table caption
);
=item hashset %isCDATA_Parent
This hashset includes all elements whose content is CDATA.
=cut
%isCDATA_Parent = map {; $_ => 1 }
qw(script style xmp listing plaintext);
=back
=head1 CAVEATS
You may find it useful to alter the behavior of modules (like
C<HTML::Element> or C<HTML::TreeBuilder>) that use C<HTML::Tagset>'s
data tables by altering the data tables themselves. You are welcome
to try, but be careful; and be aware that different modules may or may
react differently to the data tables being changed.
Note that it may be inappropriate to use these tables for I<producing>
HTML -- for example, C<%isHeadOrBodyElement> lists the tagnames
for all elements that can appear either in the head or in the body,
such as "script". That doesn't mean that I am saying your code that
produces HTML should feel free to put script elements in either place!
If you are producing programs that spit out HTML, you should be
I<intimately> familiar with the DTDs for HTML or XHTML (available at
C<http://www.w3.org/>), and you should slavishly obey them, not
the data tables in this document.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<HTML::Element>, L<HTML::TreeBuilder>, L<HTML::LinkExtor>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1995-2000 Gisle Aas; copyright 2000 Sean M. Burke.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=head1 AUTHOR
Current maintainer: Sean M. Burke, E<lt>sburke@cpan.orgE<gt>
Most of the code/data in this module was adapted from code written by
Gisle Aas E<lt>gisle@aas.noE<gt> for C<HTML::Element>,
C<HTML::TreeBuilder>, and C<HTML::LinkExtor>.
=cut
1;