Appender.pm   [plain text]

##################################################
package Log::Log4perl::Appender;
##################################################

use 5.006;
use strict;
use warnings;

use Log::Log4perl::Level;
use Log::Log4perl::Config;

use constant _INTERNAL_DEBUG => 0;

our $unique_counter = 0;

##################################################
sub reset {
##################################################
    $unique_counter = 0;
}

##################################################
sub unique_name {
##################################################
        # THREADS: Need to lock here to make it thread safe
    $unique_counter++;
    my $unique_name = sprintf("app%03d", $unique_counter);
        # THREADS: Need to unlock here to make it thread safe
    return $unique_name;
}

##################################################
sub new {
##################################################
    my($class, $appenderclass, %params) = @_;

        # Pull in the specified Log::Log4perl::Appender object
    eval {

           # Eval erroneously succeeds on unknown appender classes if
           # the eval string just consists of valid perl code (e.g. an
           # appended ';' in $appenderclass variable). Fail if we see
           # anything in there that can't be class name.
        die "'$appenderclass' not a valid class name " if $appenderclass =~ /[^:\w]/;

            # Check if the class/package is already in the namespace because
            # something like Class::Prototyped injected it previously.
        no strict 'refs';
        if(!scalar(keys %{"$appenderclass\::"})) {
            # Not available yet, try to pull it in.
            # see 'perldoc -f require' for why two evals
            eval "require $appenderclass";
                 #unless ${$appenderclass.'::IS_LOADED'};  #for unit tests, 
                                                          #see 004Config
            die $@ if $@;
        }
    };

    $@ and die "ERROR: can't load appenderclass '$appenderclass'\n$@";

    $params{name} = unique_name() unless exists $params{name};

    # If it's a Log::Dispatch::File appender, default to append 
    # mode (Log::Dispatch::File defaults to 'clobber') -- consensus 9/2002
    # (Log::Log4perl::Appender::File already defaults to 'append')
    if ($appenderclass eq 'Log::Dispatch::File' &&
        ! exists $params{mode}) {
        $params{mode} = 'append';
    }

    my $appender = $appenderclass->new(
            # Set min_level to the lowest setting. *we* are 
            # controlling this now, the appender should just
            # log it with no questions asked.
        min_level => 'debug',
            # Set 'name' and other parameters
        map { $_ => $params{$_} } keys %params,
    );

    my $self = {
                 appender  => $appender,
                 name      => $params{name},
                 layout    => undef,
                 level     => $ALL,
                 composite => 0,
               };

        #whether to collapse arrays, etc.
    $self->{warp_message} = $params{warp_message};
    if($self->{warp_message} and
       my $cref = 
       Log::Log4perl::Config::compile_if_perl($self->{warp_message})) {
        $self->{warp_message} = $cref;
    }
    
    bless $self, $class;

    return $self;
}

##################################################
sub composite { # Set/Get the composite flag
##################################################
    my ($self, $flag) = @_;

    $self->{composite} = $flag if defined $flag;
    return $self->{composite};
}

##################################################
sub threshold { # Set/Get the appender threshold
##################################################
    my ($self, $level) = @_;

    print "Setting threshold to $level\n" if _INTERNAL_DEBUG;

    if(defined $level) {
        # Checking for \d makes for a faster regex(p)
        $self->{level} = ($level =~ /^(\d+)$/) ? $level :
            # Take advantage of &to_priority's error reporting
            Log::Log4perl::Level::to_priority($level);
    }

    return $self->{level};
}

##################################################
sub log { 
##################################################
# Relay this call to Log::Log4perl::Appender:* or
# Log::Dispatch::*
##################################################
    my ($self, $p, $category, $level) = @_;

    # Check if the appender has a last-minute veto in form
    # of an "appender threshold"
    if($self->{level} > $
                        Log::Log4perl::Level::PRIORITY{$level}) {
        print "$self->{level} > $level, aborting\n" if _INTERNAL_DEBUG;
        return undef;
    }

    # Run against the (yes only one) customized filter (which in turn
    # might call other filters via the Boolean filter) and check if its
    # ok() method approves the message or blocks it.
    if($self->{filter}) {
        if($self->{filter}->ok(%$p,
                               log4p_category => $category,
                               log4p_level    => $level )) {
            print "Filter $self->{filter}->{name} passes\n" if _INTERNAL_DEBUG;
        } else {
            print "Filter $self->{filter}->{name} blocks\n" if _INTERNAL_DEBUG;
            return undef;
        }
    }

    unless($self->composite()) {

            #not defined, the normal case
        if (! defined $self->{warp_message} ){
                #join any message elements
            $p->{message} = 
                join($Log::Log4perl::JOIN_MSG_ARRAY_CHAR, 
                     @{$p->{message}} 
                     ) if ref $p->{message} eq "ARRAY";
            
            #defined but false, e.g. Appender::DBI
        } elsif (! $self->{warp_message}) {
            ;  #leave the message alone
    
        } elsif (ref($self->{warp_message}) eq "CODE") {
            #defined and a subref
            $p->{message} = 
                [$self->{warp_message}->(@{$p->{message}})];
        } else {
            #defined and a function name?
            no strict qw(refs);
            $p->{message} = 
                [$self->{warp_message}->(@{$p->{message}})];
        }

        $p->{message} = $self->{layout}->render($p->{message}, 
            $category,
            $level,
            3 + $Log::Log4perl::caller_depth,
        ) if $self->layout();
    }

    $self->{appender}->log(%$p, 
                            #these are used by our Appender::DBI
                            log4p_category => $category,
                            log4p_level    => $level,
                          );
    return 1;
}

##################################################
sub name { # Set/Get the name
##################################################
    my($self, $name) = @_;

        # Somebody wants to *set* the name?
    if($name) {
        $self->{name} = $name;
    }

    return $self->{name};
}

###########################################
sub layout { # Set/Get the layout object
             # associated with this appender
###########################################
    my($self, $layout) = @_;

        # Somebody wants to *set* the layout?
    if($layout) {
        $self->{layout} = $layout;

        # somebody wants a layout, but not set yet, so give 'em default
    }elsif (! $self->{layout}) {
        $self->{layout} = Log::Log4perl::Layout::SimpleLayout
                                                ->new($self->{name});

    }

    return $self->{layout};
}

##################################################
sub filter { # Set filter
##################################################
    my ($self, $filter) = @_;

    if($filter) {
        print "Setting filter to $filter->{name}\n" if _INTERNAL_DEBUG;
        $self->{filter} = $filter;
    }

    return $self->{filter};
}

##################################################
sub AUTOLOAD { 
##################################################
# Relay everything else to the underlying 
# Log::Log4perl::Appender::* or Log::Dispatch::*
#  object
##################################################
    my $self = shift;

    no strict qw(vars);

    $AUTOLOAD =~ s/.*:://;

    return $self->{appender}->$AUTOLOAD(@_);
}

##################################################
sub DESTROY {
##################################################
    foreach my $key (keys %{$_[0]}) {
        # print "deleting $key\n";
        delete $_[0]->{$key};
    }
}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

Log::Log4perl::Appender - Log appender class

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use Log::Log4perl;

      # Define a logger
  my $logger = Log::Log4perl->get_logger("abc.def.ghi");

      # Define a layout
  my $layout = Log::Log4perl::Layout::PatternLayout->new(
                   "%d (%F:%L)> %m");

      # Define an appender
  my $appender = Log::Log4perl::Appender->new(
                   "Log::Log4perl::Appender::Screen",
                   name => 'dumpy');

      # Set the appender's layout
  $appender->layout($layout);
  $logger->add_appender($appender);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This class is a wrapper around the C<Log::Log4perl::Appender>
appender set. 

It also supports the <Log::Dispatch::*> collections of appenders. The
module hides the idiosyncrasies of C<Log::Dispatch> (e.g. every
dispatcher gotta have a name, but there's no accessor to retrieve it)
from C<Log::Log4perl> and yet re-uses the extremely useful variety of
dispatchers already created and tested in C<Log::Dispatch>.

=head1 FUNCTIONS

=head2 Log::Log4perl::Appender->new($dispatcher_class_name, ...);

The constructor C<new()> takes the name of the appender
class to be created as a I<string> (!) argument, optionally followed by 
a number of appender-specific parameters,
for example:

      # Define an appender
  my $appender = Log::Log4perl::Appender->new(
      "Log::Log4perl::Appender::File"
      filename => 'out.log');

In case of C<Log::Dispatch> appenders,
if no C<name> parameter is specified, the appender object will create
a unique one (format C<appNNN>), which can be retrieved later via
the C<name()> method:

  print "The appender's name is ", $appender->name(), "\n";

Other parameters are specific to the appender class being used.
In the case above, the C<filename> parameter specifies the name of 
the C<Log::Log4perl::Appender::File> dispatcher used. 

However, if, for instance, 
you're using a C<Log::Dispatch::Email> dispatcher to send you 
email, you'll have to specify C<from> and C<to> email addresses.
Every dispatcher is different.
Please check the C<Log::Dispatch::*> documentation for the appender used
for details on specific requirements.

The C<new()> method will just pass these parameters on to a newly created
C<Log::Dispatch::*> object of the specified type.

When it comes to logging, the C<Log::Log4perl::Appender> will transparently
relay all messages to the C<Log::Dispatch::*> object it carries 
in its womb.

=head2 $appender->layout($layout);

The C<layout()> method sets the log layout
used by the appender to the format specified by the 
C<Log::Log4perl::Layout::*> object which is passed to it as a reference.
Currently there's two layouts available:

    Log::Log4perl::Layout::SimpleLayout
    Log::Log4perl::Layout::PatternLayout

Please check the L<Log::Log4perl::Layout::SimpleLayout> and 
L<Log::Log4perl::Layout::PatternLayout> manual pages for details.

=head1 Supported Appenders 

Here's the list of appender modules currently available via C<Log::Dispatch>,
if not noted otherwise, written by Dave Rolsky:

       Log::Dispatch::ApacheLog
       Log::Dispatch::DBI (by Tatsuhiko Miyagawa)
       Log::Dispatch::Email,
       Log::Dispatch::Email::MailSend,
       Log::Dispatch::Email::MailSendmail,
       Log::Dispatch::Email::MIMELite
       Log::Dispatch::File
       Log::Dispatch::FileRotate (by Mark Pfeiffer)
       Log::Dispatch::Handle
       Log::Dispatch::Screen
       Log::Dispatch::Syslog
       Log::Dispatch::Tk (by Dominique Dumont)

C<Log4perl> doesn't care which ones you use, they're all handled in 
the same way via the C<Log::Log4perl::Appender> interface.
Please check the well-written manual pages of the 
C<Log::Dispatch> hierarchy on how to use each one of them.

=head1 Parameters passed on to the appender's log() method

When calling the appender's log()-Funktion, Log::Log4perl will 
submit a list of key/value pairs. Entries to the following keys are
guaranteed to be present:

=over 4

=item message

Text of the rendered message

=item log4p_category

Name of the category of the logger that triggered the event.

=item log4p_level

Log::Log4perl level of the event

=back

=head1 Pitfalls

Since the C<Log::Dispatch::File> appender truncates log files by default,
and most of the time this is I<not> what you want, we've instructed 
C<Log::Log4perl> to change this behaviour by slipping it the 
C<mode =E<gt> append> parameter behind the scenes. So, effectively
with C<Log::Log4perl> 0.23, a configuration like

    log4perl.category = INFO, FileAppndr
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr          = Log::Dispatch::File
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr.filename = test.log
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr.layout   = Log::Log4perl::Layout::SimpleLayout

will always I<append> to an existing logfile C<test.log> while if you 
specifically request clobbering like in

    log4perl.category = INFO, FileAppndr
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr          = Log::Dispatch::File
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr.filename = test.log
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr.mode     = write
    log4perl.appender.FileAppndr.layout   = Log::Log4perl::Layout::SimpleLayout

it will overwrite an existing log file C<test.log> and start from scratch.

=head1 Appenders Expecting Message Chunks

Instead of simple strings, certain appenders are expecting multiple fields
as log messages. If a statement like 

    $logger->debug($ip, $user, "signed in");

causes an off-the-shelf C<Log::Log4perl::Screen> 
appender to fire, the appender will 
just concatenate the three message chunks passed to it
in order to form a single string.
The chunks will be separated by a string defined in 
C<$Log::Log4perl::JOIN_MSG_ARRAY_CHAR> (defaults to the empty string
""). 

However, different appenders might choose to 
interpret the message above differently: An
appender like C<Log::Log4perl::Appender::DBI> might take the
three arguments passed to the logger and put them in three separate
rows into the DB.

The  C<warp_message> appender option is used to specify the desired 
behaviour.
If no setting for the appender property

    # *** Not defined ***
    # log4perl.appender.SomeApp.warp_message

is defined in the Log4perl configuration file, the
appender referenced by C<SomeApp> will fall back to the standard behaviour
and join all message chunks together, separating them by
C<$Log::Log4perl::JOIN_MSG_ARRAY_CHAR>.

If, on the other hand, it is set to a false value, like in

    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.layout=NoopLayout
    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.warp_message = 0

then the message chunks are passed unmodified to the appender as an
array reference. Please note that you need to set the appender's
layout to C<Log::Log4perl::Layout::NoopLayout> which just leaves 
the messages chunks alone instead of formatting them or replacing
conversion specifiers.

B<Please note that the standard appenders in the Log::Dispatch hierarchy
will choke on a bunch of messages passed to them as an array reference. 
You can't use C<warp_message = 0> (or the function name syntax
defined below) on them.
Only special appenders like Log::Log4perl::Appender::DBI can deal with
this.>

If (and now we're getting fancy)
an appender expects message chunks, but we would 
like to pre-inspect and probably modify them before they're 
actually passed to the appender's C<log>
method, an inspection subroutine can be defined with the
appender's C<warp_message> property:

    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.layout=NoopLayout
    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.warp_message = sub { \
                                           $#_ = 2 if @_ > 3; \
                                           return @_; }

The inspection subroutine defined by the C<warp_message> 
property will receive the list of message chunks, like they were
passed to the logger and is expected to return a corrected list.
The example above simply limits the argument list to a maximum of
three by cutting off excess elements and returning the shortened list.

Also, the warp function can be specified by name like in

    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.layout=NoopLayout
    log4perl.appender.SomeApp.warp_message = main::filter_my_message

In this example,
C<filter_my_message> is a function in the C<main> package, 
defined like this:

    my $COUNTER = 0;

    sub filter_my_message {
        my @chunks = @_;
        unshift @chunks, ++$COUNTER;
        return @chunks;
    }

The subroutine above will add an ever increasing counter
as an additional first field to 
every message passed to the C<SomeApp> appender -- but not to
any other appender in the system.

=head1 SEE ALSO

Log::Dispatch

=head1 AUTHOR

Mike Schilli, E<lt>log4perl@perlmeister.comE<gt>

=cut